atoms atoms, elements, and compounds- chapter 6 __________are the building blocks of matter....
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Atoms
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6
__________are the building blocks of matter.
Section 1 Chemistry in Biology
Neutrons and protons are located at the _____________of the atom.
__________are positively charged particles.
__________are particles that have no charge.
________are negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus.
Elements
Chemistry in Biology
An ________is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
There are over ______known elements, _______of which occur naturally.
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Section 1
________________Isotopes
Chemistry in Biology
When a nucleus breaks apart, it gives off __________that can be detected and used for many applications.
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Section 1
Healthy person Alzheimer’s patient
________Atoms of the same element, having the same number of protons & electrons but have a different number of _____________
Compounds
Chemistry in Biology
A _________substance formed when two or more different elements combine in a specific _____________.
Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler compounds or elements by ____________means.
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Section 1
Chemical Bonds
Chemistry in Biology
_______________bonds
Chemical bond that forms when ______________________
A ____________is a compoundin which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Section 1
Ionic Bonds
Chemistry in Biology
Attraction between _________oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. One element gives up an electron to the other.
Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Section 1
Reactants and Products
A _____________is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into ________________substances.
Chemical Equations
Chemistry in Biology
Chemical formulas describe the substances in the reaction and arrows indicate the process of change.
______________are the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow.
______________are the substances formed during the reaction, on the right side of the arrow.
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.
Let’draw
The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed.
Chemistry in Biology
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Chemistry in Biology
The _____________ is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
Energy of Reactions
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Let’s draw
Chemistry in Biology
This reaction is exothermic and _________________.
The energy of the product is ____________ of the reactants.
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Let’s draw
Chemistry in Biology
This reaction is endothermic and _______________.
The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Let’s draw
Chemistry in Biology
A ________is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
_____________are biological catalysts.
It does not increase howmuch product is made and it does not get used up in the reaction.
Enzymes
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Chemistry in Biology
The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called _____________________.
The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the _________________.
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Let’s draw
Chemistry in Biology
Factors such as ________, temperature, and other substances affect enzyme activity.
Chemical Reactions
Section 2
The active site changes shape and forms the ___________________ complex, which helps chemical bonds in the reactants to be broken and new bonds to form.
__________________Polarity
Water and Solutions
Chemistry in Biology
Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called __________molecules.
Polarity is the property of having ______opposite poles.
A _______________is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and another element.
Let’s draw.
Section 3
Chemistry in Biology
________________________Mixtures
A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout
A _______________is a substance in which another substance is dissolved.
A ___________is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
Water and Solutions
Section 3
Chemistry in Biology
__________________Mixtures
In a heterogeneous mixture, the components remain ____________.
Let’s draw.
Water and Solutions
Section 3
Chemistry in Biology
Substances that release ________________(H+) when dissolved in water are called ________.
Substances that release ________________(OH–) when dissolved in water are called _________.
Let’s draw
Acids and Bases
Water and Solutions
Section 3
Chemistry in Biology
The measure of concentration of ______in a solution is called ______.
Let’s draw
Acidic solutions have pH values ______than _____. Basic solutions have pH values _______than ____.
pH and Buffers
Water and Solutions
Section 3
Chemistry in Biology
____________are mixtures that can react with _________or _______to keep the pH within a particular range.
Let’s draw
Water and Solutions
Section 3
Organic Chemistry
The element __________ is a component of almost all biological molecules.
The Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry in BiologySection 4
Let’s draw
Carbon has _______electrons in its outermost energy level.
One carbon atom can form ___________covalent bonds with other atoms.
Chemistry in Biology
Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, ____________chains, and ___________.
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
_________________________
Chemistry in Biology
Carbon atoms can be joined to form carbon molecules.
______________are large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
______________ are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds linked together by a series of ______________________bonds.
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Making and Breaking Polymers
• _______________ reaction – a reaction that removes a molecule of _______in order to build a polymer.
• ______________ – (essentially the reverse of dehydration reaction) the bond between two monomers is broken by the addition of a _____________molecule.
Let’s drawDehydration and Hydrolysis
Chemistry in Biology
____________________ Compounds composed of _______, hydrogen, and
oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom—(________)n
Let’s draw
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Chemistry in Biology
Two monosaccharides joined together form a _______________________.
Longer carbohydrate molecules are called _________________________.
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Chemistry in Biology
_____________________
Molecules made mostly of _____and hydrogen
A ________________is a fat if it is _______ at room temperature and an oil if it is _______________at room temperature.
Let’s draw
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Chemistry in Biology
Lipids that are saturated fats - have only single _______ ______ between the carbon atoms.
Lipids that are unsaturated - have at least one ____________ bond between carbon.
Fats with more than one double bond in the tail are called ____________fats.
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Saturated vs. unsaturatedLet’s draw
Chemistry in Biology
__________________
Monomer – amino acid __________________are small compounds
that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Chemistry in Biology
The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4
Let’s draw
• When two amino acids are bonded together through dehydration reaction, a _____________ bond is formed.
Chemistry in Biology
_____________– The number and the order in which the amino acids are joined.
________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides.
The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins
Section 4
The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins
_____________– The overall 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide.
__________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides
Chemistry in Biology
_______________are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.
Nucleotides – the monomer that builds Nucleic acids. Let’s draw
The Building Blocks of Life – Nucleic Acids
Section 4