atomic energy levels and grotrian diagramscds.cern.ch › record › 99209 › files ›...

ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELSand

GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS

Volume I. Hydrogen I - Phosphorus XV

Stanley)Bashkinand

John 0. Stoner, Jr.

Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721

1975

NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY - AMSTERDAM. OXFORDAMERICAN ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. - NEW YORK

List of Illustrations

Please note that there has been some deliberate duplication of energy level and Grotriandiagrams. This has been done especially when the transitions have been divided among a num-ber of Grotrian diagrams, for this arrangement permits one to see the level scheme that isappropriate for each of the Grotrian diagrams. In one case in N IV it was found convenient touse separate drawings for the singlet energy levels but one Grotrian diagram. Consequently, thatGrotrian diagram appears twice.

HI

Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 2Energy Levels. Doublets. 3Energy Levels. Fine Structure, Hyperfine Structure, Lamb Shifts, n = 1,2,3,4. 5

He I Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 8Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 9Grotrian Diagram. Doubly-Excited Singlets and Triplets. 10Energy Levels. Doubly-Excited Singlets and Triplets. 11

He II Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 12Energy Levels. Doublets. 13

Li I Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 16Energy Levels. Doublets. 17Grotrian Diagram. Doubly-Excited Quartets. 18Energy Levels. Doubly-Excited Quartets. 19

Li II Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 20Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 21

Li III Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 22Energy Levels. Doublets. 23

Be I Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 28Energy Levels. Singlets. 29Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 30Energy Levels. Triplets. 31

Be II Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 32Energy Levels. Doublets. 33Grotrian Diagram. Doubly-Excited Quartets. 34Energy Levels. Doubly-Excited Quartets. 35

Be III Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 36Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 37

Be IV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 38Energy Levels. Doublets. 39

B I Grotrian Diagram. Doublets and Quartets. 42Energy Levels. Doublets and Quartets. 43

B II Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 44

Energy Levels. Singlets. 45

Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 46

Energy Levels. Triplets. 47

B III Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 48

Energy Levels. Doublets. 49

B IV Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 50

Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 51

B V Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 52


IX

C I Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 56


Grotrian Diagram. Triplets and Quintets. Transitions from the Ground Term to 58

Excited Triplets and Quintets.Energy Levels. Triplets and Quintets. 59Grotrian Diagram. Triplets and Quintets. Transitions from 3s 3 P°, 2s 2p 3 3 D°, and 60

3p 3 D to Higher Triplets. Quintet—Quintet Transitions.Energy Levels. Triplets and Quintets. 61

Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions from 2s 2 2p 3p 3 S, 2s2 2p 3p 3 P, and 622s 2p3 3 1)0 to Higher Triplets.

Energy Levels. Triplets and Quintets. 63

Energy Levels. Intermediate Coupling and Autoionizing Terms. 65

Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Singlets and Triplets. 66

Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Singlets and Interme- 68

diate-Coupling Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from the Ground Term to Excit- 70

ed Singlets and Quintets.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Excited Triplet Terms 72

and Higher Singlets and Intermediate-Coupling Terms.C II Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 74

Energy Levels. Doublets. 75Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 76Energy Levels. Quartets. 77Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Doublets and Quartets. 78

C III Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 80Energy Levels. Singlets. 81Grotrian Diagram. Triplets, 1 s 2 2s n1 Terms. 82Energy levels. Triplets, 1 s 2 2s nl Terms. 83Grotrian Diagram. Triplets, 1s 2 2p n1 Terms. 84Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s 2 2p nl Terrns. 85Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between 1s 2 2s nl Triplets and 86

1 s2 2p nl Triplets.C IV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 88

Energy Levels. Doublets. 89Grotrian Diagrant. Doubly-Excited Quartets. 90Energy Levels, Doubly-Excited Quartets. 91

C V Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 92Energy Levels. Singlets. 93Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 94Energy Levels. Triplets. 95

C VI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 96Energy Levels. Doublets. 97

N 1 Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. Transitions from 2p 2 D° to Higher Doublets. 100Energy Levels. Doublets. 101Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. Transitions from 2p 2 P° to Higher Doublets. 102Energy Levels. Doublets. 103Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. Transitions from Doublets with n = 3 to Higher Doub- 104

Jets.Energy Levels. Doublets. 105Grotrian Diagram. Quartets and Sextets. 106Energy Levels. Quartets and Sextets. 107Energy Levels. Intermediate Coupling. 109Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Doublets to Quartets. 110Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Quartets to Doublets. 112Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Doublets and Quartets to 114

Intermediate-Coupling Terrns.

X

N 11 Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 116Energy Levels. Singlets. 117Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 118Energy Levels. Triplets. 119Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 120Energy Levels. Quintets. 121Grotrian Diagram. Intermediate Coupling. 122Energy Levels. Intermediate Coupling. 123Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Triplets. 124Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Intermediate- 126

Coupling Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets to Singlets. 128Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets to Quintets and 130

Intermediate-Coupling Terms.N III Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 132


N IV Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Both 1s 2 2s nl Terms and 1s2 2p nl Terms. 138Energy Levels. Singlets, 1s 2 2s nl Terms. 139Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Both 1s2 2s n1 Terms and 1s 2 2p n1 Terms. 140Energy Levels. Singlets, 1s2 2p nl Terms. 141Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s n1 Terms. 142Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s2 2s nl Terms. 143Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2p nl Terms. 144Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s2 2p nl Terms. 145Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between 1s 2 2s nl Triplet Terms 146

and 1 s 2 2p nl Triplet Terms.N V Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 148

Energy Levels. Doublets. 149N VI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 150

Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 151N VII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 152


0 I Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 158Energy Levels. Singlets. 159Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (2 D°) n1 Terms. 160Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s2 2s2 2p3 (2 D°) nl Terms. 161Grotrian Diagram and Energy Levels. Autoionizing Triplets, 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (2P°) nl 163

Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Triplets and Quintets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (4 S°) n1 164

Terms.Energy Levels. Triplets and Quintets. 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (4 S°) n1 Terms. 165Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Triplets with ( 4 S°), 166

(2P°), and (2 D°) Cores.0 II Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 168

Energy Levels. Doublets. 169Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 170Energy Levels. Quartets. 171Grotrian Diagram. Sextets. 172Energy Levels. Sextets. 173Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Doublets and Quartets. 174

XI

0 III Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 176Energy Levels. Singlets. 177Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 178Energy Levels. Triplets. 179Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 180Energy Levels. Quintets and Intermediate-Coupling Terrns. 181Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Higher Triplets 182

and Intermediate-Coupling Terms.

Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets to Higher Singlets 184and Intermediate-Coupling Terms.

0 IV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 186


Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 188Energy Levels. Quartets. 189

0 V Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s nl Terms. 190Energy Levels. Singlets, 1s2 2s n1 Terms. 191

Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions between 1s 2 2p n1 Terms. 192Energy Levels. Singlets, 1s 2 2p nl Terms. 193Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s n1 Terms. 194Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s2 2s n1 Terms. 195Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2p nl Terms. 196Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s2 2p n1 Terms. 197Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between 1s 2 2s nl Singlets and 198

1s 2 2p nl Singlets.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between 1 s2 2s n1 Triplet Terms 200

and I s2 2p n1 Triplet Terms.0 VI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 202

Energy Levels. Doublets. 2030 VII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 204

Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 2050 VIII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 206


F I Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 212Energy Levels. Doublets. 213Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 214Energy Levels. Quartets. 215Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Doublets to Higher Quar- 216

tets.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Quartets to Higher Doub- 218

lets.F II Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s2 2p3 nl Terms. 220

Energy Levels. Singlets, 1s2 2s2 2p 3 (2 13°) nl Terms. 221Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions between 1s2 2s2 2p3 (2 D°) nl Terms. 222Energy Levels. Singlets, 1 s 2 2s2 2p3 (2 D°) n1 Terms. 223Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (2 P° ) n1 Terms. 224Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s2 2s2 2p3 (2 1)°) nl Terms. 225Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (2 D°) nl Terms. 226Energy Levels. Triplets. 1s2 2s2 2p 3 (2 D°) nl Terms. 227Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (4S°) nl Terms. 228Energy Levels. Triplets, 1s 2 2s2 2p3 (4 S°) n1 Terrns. 229Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 230Energy Levels. Quintets. 231Energy Levels. Intermediate Coupling. 233Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Higher Singlets 234

and Triplets.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets and Quintets to 236

I ligher Singlets and Triplets.

XII

F III Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. Transitions from 1s 2 2s2 2p 3 Terms to Higher Doub- 238Jets.

Energy Levels. Doublets. .239Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. Transitions from 1s2 2p4 Terms to Higher Doublets. 240Energy Levels. Doublets, 1s2 2s 2p4 2 S and above. 241Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. Transitions between Excited Doublets Higher than 242

1s 2 2s2 2p2 3p 2D°.Energy Levels. Doublets Higher than Is t 2s 2p4 2 S. 243Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 244Energy Levels. Quartets. 245Grotrian Diagram. Sextets. 246Energy Levels. Sextets, ( 5 S°) Core, and Intermediate-Coupling Terms, L) Core, 247Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms, ( 3 P) Core. 249Grotrian Diagram. Sextets and Intercombination Transitions Between Doublets and 250

Quartets.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Doublets to Higher Inter- 252

mediate-Coupling Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Quartets to Higher Inter- 254

mediate-Coupling Terms.F IV Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 256

Energy Levels. Singlets. 257Grotrian Diagram. Transitions from the Two Lowest Triplets to Higher Triplets. 258Energy Levels. Triplets. 259Grotrian Diagram. Transitions between Excited Triplets Higher than the Second 260

Term.Energy Levels. Triplets. 261Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 262Energy Levels. Quintets and Intermediate Coupling. 263Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions among Singlets, Triplets, and 264

Intermediate-Coupling Terms.F V Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 266

Energy Levels. Doublets. 267Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 268Energy Levels. Quartets. 269

F VI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 270Energy Levels. Singlets. 271Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 272Energy Levels. Triplets. 273

F VII274Grotrian Diagram. Doublets.Energy Levels. Doublets. 275

F VIII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 276Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 277

F IX Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 278Energy Levels. Doublets. 279

Ne I Grotrian Diagram. Transitions from the Ground Term to Higher Terms. 284

Energy Levels. 285Grotrian Diagram. Transitions from Two Lowest Excited Terms to Higher Terms. 286Energy Levels. 287Grotrian Diagram. Transitions from the Third Excited Term to Higher Terms. 288Energy Levels. 289Grotrian Diagram. Transitions from the Fourth Excited Term to Higher Terms. 290Energy Levels. 291Grotrian Diagram. Transitions between Terms with n 4. 292Energy Levels. 293

XIII

Grotrian Diagram. High Intermediate Coupling. 294Energy Levels. High Intermediate Coupling. 295Grotrian Diagram. Doubly-Excited Terms. 3 P Core. 296Energy Levels. Doubly-Exeited Terms. 297Grotrian Diagram. Doubly-Excited Terms. 1 D, 'S Cores. 298Energy Levels. Doubly-Excited Terms. 299Grotrian Diagram. Douhlets. 300Energy Levels. Douhlets. 301Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 302Energy I.evels. Quartets. 303Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms. 305Grotrian Diagram. Intercotnbinations. Transitions from Douhlets to Quartets. 306Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Quartets to Douhlets and 308

Intermediate-Coupling Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Quintets. 310Energy Levels. Singlets and Quintets. 311Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 312Energy Levels. Triplets. 313Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 314Energy Levels. Douhlets. 315Grotrian Diagram. Quartets and Sextets. 316Energy Levels. Quartets and Sextets. 317Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 318Energy Levels. Singlets. 319Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 320Energy Levels. Triplets. 321Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 322Energy Levels. Quintets. 323Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 324Energy Levels. Douhlets. 325Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 326Energy Levels. Quartets. 327Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 328Energy Levels. Singlets. 329Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 330Energy Levels. Triplets. 331

Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 332


Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 334






Grotrian Diagram. Transitions between Intermediate-Coupling Terms with 2P /2344

1Core.

Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms with345Grotrian Diagram. Transitions between Intermediate-Coupling Terms with 2 P°3„ 346

Core.

2K2 Core.

Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms with 2 P3, 2 Core. 347

Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between 2 1)7, 2 and 21312 Cores. 348



Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 352

Energy Levels. Quartets. 353

Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Doublets and Quartets. 354

Ne II

Ne III

Ne IV

Ne V

Ne VI

Ne VII

Ne VIII

Ne IX

Ne X

Na I

Na II

Na III

XIV

Na IV Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 356Energy Levels. Singlets. 357Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 358Energy Levels. Triplets. 359

Na V Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 360Energy Levels. Doublets. 361Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 362Energy Levels. Quartets. 363.

Na VI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. -'364Energy Levels. Singlets. 365Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 366Energy Levels. Triplets. 367Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 368Energy Levels, Quintets. 369

Na VII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 370Energy Levels. Doublets. 371Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 372Energy Levels. Quartets. 373

Na VIII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 374Energy Levels. Singlets. 375Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 376Energy Levels. Triplets. 377

Na IX Grotrian Diagram. Doublets, 378Energy Levels. Doublets. 379

Na X Grotrian Diagram, Singlets and Triplets. 380Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 381

Na XI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 382Energy Levels. Doublets. 383

Mg I Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 388Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 389

Mg II Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 390Energy Levels. Doublets. 391

Mg III Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 392Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 393Grotrian Diagram. Transitions between Intermediate-Coupling Terms with 2 1)7 12394

Core.Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms with395Grotrian Diagram. Transitions between Intermediate-Coupling Terms with 2 P°3/2 396

Core.

2P7/2 Core,

Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms with 2 P3, 2 Core, 397Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Intermediate- 398

Coupling Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets to Intermediate- 400

Coupling Terms.Mg IV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 402


Mg V Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 408Energy Levels. Singlets. 409Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 410Energy Levels. Triplets. 411

XV

Mg VI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 412




Mg VII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 416




Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 420

Energy Levels. Quintets. 421

Mg VIII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 422




Mg IX Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 426




Mg X Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 430


Mg XI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 432


Mg XII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 434


Al I Grotrian Diagram. Doublets and Quartets. Transitions from the Two Lowest Terms 440to Higher Terms.

Energy Levels. Doublets and Quartets. 441Grotrian Diagram. Doublets and Quartets. Transitions from the Lowest Quartet to 442

Higher Terms.Energy Levels. Doublets and Quartets. 443

Al II Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions from the Three Lowest Singlets to Higher 444Terms.

Energy Levels. Singlets. 445Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions from Singlets with n = 4 to Higher Singlets. 446Energy Levels. Singlets. 447Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions from 3d 1 D and Terms with n _>- 5 to Higher 448

Singlets.Energy Levels. Singlets. 449Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions from the First, Second, and Fourth Lowest 450

Triplets to Higher Triplets.Energy Levels. Triplets. 451Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions from 3p 3 P or Terms 4p 3 P° to Higher 452

Terms.Energy Levels. Triplets. 453

Al III Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 454Energy Levels. Doublets. 455

Al IV Grotrian Diagram. Intermediate-Coupling and Autoionizing Terms. 456Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling and Autoionizing Terms. 457

Al V Grotrian Diagram. Doublets and Quartets. 458Energy Levels. Doublets and Quartets. 459

Al VI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 460Energy Levels. Singlets. 461Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 462Energy Levels. Triplets. 463

XVI

Al VII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 464Energy Levels. Doublets. 465Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 466Energy Levels. Quartets. 467

Al VIII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Quintets. 468Energy Levels. Singlets and Quintets. 469Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 470Energy Levels. Triplets. 471

Al IX Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 472Energy Levels. Doublets. 473Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 474Energy Levels. Quartets. 475

Al X Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 476Energy Levels. Singlets. 477Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 478Energy Levels. Triplets. 479

Al XI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 480Energy Levels. Doublets. 481

Al XII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 482Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 483

Al XIII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 484Energy Levels. Doublets. 485

Si I Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 490Energy Levels. Singlets. 491Grotrian Diagram. Triplets and Quintets. Transitions from the Ground to Excited 492

Terms.Energy Levels. Triplets and Quintets. 493Grotrian Diagram. Triplets and Quintets. Transitions between Excited Terms. 494Energy Levels. Triplets and Quintets. 495Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms. 496Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Triplets. 498Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Singlets to Intermediate- 500

Coupling Terms.Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets to Singlets. 502Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Triplets to Intermediate- 504

Coupling Terms.Si II Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 506



Energy Levels. Quartets. 509Si III Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. Transitions from the Lowest Four Singlets to Higher 510

Singlets.Energy Levels. Singlets. 511Grotrian Diagram. Transitions from the 4s 'S Terrn to Higher Singlets. 512


Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions from Triplets with n= 3 to Higher Triplets. 514


Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. Transitions between Triplets with n �- 4. 516


Grotrian Diagram. Intermediate-Coupling Terms. 518

Energy Levels. Intermediate-Coupling Terms. 519

Si IV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 520


Si V Grotrian Diagram. Intermediate Coupling. 522

Energy Levels. Intermediate Coupling. 523

XVII

Si VI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 524



Si VII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets.528




Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Singlets and Triplets. 532

Si VIII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 534




Si IX Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Quintets. 538

Energy Levels. Singlets and Quintets. 539



Si X Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 542




Si XI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 546




Si XII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 550


Si XIII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 552


Si XIV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 554


P I Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 560

Energy Levels. Doublets. 561Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 562Energy Levels. Quartets. 563Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Doublets to Quartets. 564Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions from Quartets to Doublets. 566

P II Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Quintets. 568Energy Levels. Singlets and Quintets. 569Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 570Energy Levels. Triplets. 571Grotrian Diagram. Intercombinations. Transitions between Singlets and Triplets. 572

P III Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 574Energy Levels. Doublets. 575Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 576Energy Levels. Quartets. 577

P IV Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 578Energy Levels. Singlets. 579Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 580Energy Levels. Triplets. 581

P V Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 582Energy Levels. Doublets. 583

P VI Grotrian Diagram. Singlets, Triplets, and Intermediate-Coupling Terms. 584Energy Levels. Singlets, Triplets, and Intermediate-Coupling Terms. 585

P VII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets and Quartets. 586Energy Levels. Doublets and Quartets. 587

XVIII

P VIII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 588Energy Levels. Singlets. 589Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 590Energy Levels. Triplets. 591

P IX Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 592Energy Levels. Doublets. 593Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 594Energy Levels. Quartets. 595

P X Grotrian Diagram. Singlets. 596Energy Levels. Singlets. 597Grotrian Diagram. Triplets. 598Energy Levels. Triplets. 599Grotrian Diagram. Quintets. 600Energy Levels. Quintets. 601

P XI Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 602Energy Levels. Doublets. 603Grotrian Diagram. Quartets. 604Energy Levels. Quartets. 605

P XII Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 606Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 607

P XIII Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 608Energy Levels. Doublets. 609

P XIV Grotrian Diagram. Singlets and Triplets. 610Energy Levels. Singlets and Triplets. 611

P XV Grotrian Diagram. Doublets. 612Energy Levels. Doublets. 613

XIX

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