Atomic Bonding

Octet Rule• Atoms will bond with other atoms to have a full valence shell.

• Remember• First energy level – 2 electrons

• Second energy level – 8 electrons

• Third energy level – 8 electrons

Three Types of Bonds• Covalent – share electrons• Nonmetal – Nonmetal

• Ionic – gain or lose electrons• Metal – Nonmetal

• Metallic – form between two metals• Metal - Metal

Ionic Bonds• Atoms with 3 or less valence electrons will lose electrons

• Atoms with 5-7 valence electrons will gain electrons

What are two types of atomic bonds?A. Ionic and Valence

B. Ionic and Covenant

C. Covenant and Metallic

D. Covalent and Ionic

If an atom has 7 valence electrons it will…A. Gain 1 electron

B. Lose 7 electrons

C. Form a covalent bond

D. Gain 7 electrons

Example

Draw a Bohr’s Diagram for Sodium

1 valence electron

• Draw a Bohr’s Diagram for Chlorine

7 Valence Electrons

• Sodium will lose its one valence electron• Giving it an overall charge of +1

• Chlorine will gain one valence electron• Giving it an overall charge of -1

Charges of Ionic Bonds• The overall charge of ionic bonds is 0

Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride

The negative force attracts the positive force which holds the atoms together.

1+ 1- Net charge = 0

Oxygen will _________ ______ electron(s) to satisfy the octet rule.

A. Gain 1

B. Lose 1

C. Gain 2

D. Lose 2

When atoms gain or lose electrons to form a bond it is a ________ bond.A. Ionic

B. Covalent

C. Metallic

D. Covenant

Magnesium has _________ valence electron(s).A. 2

B. 1

C. 3

D. 6

Naming Ionic Bonds

1.) The name of metal always comes first.

2.) Replace the ending of the nonmetal to –ide.

Example:

Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride

What is the name of the compound that forms between bromine and lithium?A. Bromine Lithide

B. Lithium Bromine

C. Lithium Bromide

D. Bromide Lithium

Covalent bonds• Remember• Forms between 2 nonmetals• Share electrons

• Lets look at an example between Oxygen and Hydrogen

How many valence electrons does hydrogen have?

A. 1

B. 7

C. 8

D. 2

How many valence electrons does oxygen have?A. 1

B. 2

C. 6

D. 7

Draw a Bohr’s Diagram for hydrogen and oxygen

Naming Covalent Bonds

Prefix Number

Mono - 1

Di - 2

Tri - 3

Tetra - 4

Penta - 5

Hexa - 6

Hepta - 7

Octa - 8

Nona - 9

Deca - 10

1. Name the first element.

2. The ending of the second element gets changed to –ide

3. Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms

4. Mono is not used to name the first element

Water = H2O

Dihydrogen monoxide

Name the compound SiF4

A. Monosilicon Tetrafluoride

B. Silicon Tetrafluoride

C. Tetrasilicon fluoride

D. Silicon Fluorine

Which type of bond shares electrons and occurs between two non metals?A. Covalent

B. Ionic

C. Metallic

D. None of the above