Atmospheric Data from ESA

C. Zehner (ESA)

OUTLINE

1. ERS and ENVISAT missions

2. ESA Atmospheric Instruments

3. ESA Atmospheric Data

METEOSAT Second Generation MSG-1, -2, -3

METEOSATM-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

METOP-1, -2, -3

Earth Watch

Earth

Explorers

ERS-1, -2

1990 2000 2004 2010

ENVISAT

Scienceto better understand

the Earth

ApplicationsServices

to initiate long term monitoring systems

and services

ADM/Aeolus

SMOS

Earthcare

GMES in cooperation with EC

GOCE(Gravity and Ocean Circulation Explorer)

CryoSat 2 (Polar IceMonitoring)

SWARM

Earthnet: European access to non-ESA missions: Landsat, SeaWifs, NOAA, JERS, MODIS, ALOS, Proba, Bird, Scisat, OMI ...

European users

in cooperationwith EUMETSAT

Meteo

Since 1977

Sentinel 1Sentinel 2/3

Sentinel 4/5

ERS Missions

• 17 years of ERS-1/2 data in archive

• ERS-2: achieved 12 years in orbit in April 2008 (3 years nominal

lifetime)

• Some problems with the platform (gyroscope in 2001, tape recorder in

2003), engineering solutions

• All instruments still functioning well

• Seeking operations funding until 2010 (ensured by the end of 2008)

ERS-1

ERS-2

Operational on ERS-2 since April 95 (predecessor of GOME follow on Instruments on the operational METOP Series, GOME is a small version of SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT)GOME is a spectrometer which collects light arriving from the sun illuminated Earth’s atmosphere/surface in nadir view.

Spectral coverage: 240 - 790 nm with Spectral resolution: 0.2 - 0.4 nm

Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)

GOME Scan Pattern from ERS-2

Accuracy of GOME Ozone Measurements

ENVISAT Mission

• Launch1st March 2002

• Orbit 800 km, sun synchronous 10:00 am, i.e. 30 minutes before ERS-2

Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar

Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer

Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer

Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars

Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmospheric Sounder

Radar Altimeter 2

Microwave Radiometer

Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography

Doppler Orbitography and Radio-positioning Integrated by Satellite

to Data Relay Satellite Artemis

to Ground Stations

to provide for continuity of the observations started with the ERS satellites, including those obtained from radar-based observations,

to provide for enhancement of the ERS missions, notably the ocean and ice mission,

to extend the range of parameters observed, to meet the need to increase knowledge of the factors determining the environment,

to make a significant contribution to environmental studies, notably in the areas of atmospheric chemistry and ocean studies (including marine biology).

Mission objectivesMission objectives

Largest European satellite & largest worldwide EO satellite:

- unique combination of 10 instruments addressing land, ocean,

ice and atmosphere studies,

- instruments working nominally

- some concern with altimeter instrument

Satellite OK with long-term operations capabilities: - 45 % of fuel available

(i.e. about 3 years assuming same orbit control strategy: +/- 1 km)

Operations funding until 2010 (extension planned by 2013)

78 different types of ESA data products

250 Gigabytes of data products generated per day at ESA

(+ telemetry)

ENVISAT mission

GOMOS: Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars

MIPAS: Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric

Sounding

SCIAMACHY: SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for

Atmospheric ChartograpHY (AO Instrument, provided to ESA by Belgium,

Germany, and The Netherlands)

SCIAMACHY

MIPAS

GOMOS

Envisat Atmospheric Payload

GOMOS will primarily provide highly accurate profiles of stratospheric ozone, preferably at altitudes above 15 km.

Additional profiles:

NO2, NO3, H2O and

Temperature.

60 Km

40 Km

20 Km

F(z)

Fo

z

WavelengthIn

tens

ity

Fo

Inte

nsity

Wavelength

F(zi)

Wavelength

Inte

nsity

F(z1)F(zi)

Wavelength

Tra

nsm

issi

on

Fo

T(zi) =

3 Complementary Atmospheric Instrumentson Envisat

MIPAS, operating in the mid-infrared, will provide highly accurate temperature profiles and a number of key species including most of the NOx family. Making emission measurements it observes both by day and by night.

SCIAMACHY will make unique measurements for its target constituents (profiles and total columns) throughout the stratosphere and troposphere. It will thereby yield the amounts and distributions of trace gas and aerosol in the troposphere.

stratospheric ozone production and destruction cycles

tropospheric O3 and its precursors (NOx, CO, H2O, CH4, UVA, UVB...)

tropospheric / stratospheric exchange processes

the dynamics of the stratosphere

Main Topics to be investigated:

the global distribution of many important greenhouse

gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs...) in the lower atmosphere

and thereby investigate their impact on global climate change

the improvement of the accuracy of numerical weather prediction, using the global measurements of pressure, temperature fields, H2O and O3 made in near real time

the physics and chemistry of the mesosphere

tropospheric emissions: air pollution monitoring

ESA Products

Alt

itu

de (

Km

)

03 H20 NO2 NO3 N2O CH4 HNO3 CO CO2 BrO p,T Aerosol100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

GOMOS MIPAS SCIAMACHY

Troposphere

Stratosphere

O3layer

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Operational routine products from GOMOS, MIPAS and SCIAMACHY

The Atmospheric Data Products delivered by ESA to users:

- level 1B products: geolocated and calibrated at engineering level - calibrated spectra

- level 2 products: geolocated at geophysical level - total columns, profiles

- higher level products: e.g. global maps - ESA facilitates its generation through dedicated Programmes like DUE, EOMD, or GMES) – no ESA products!

SCIAMACHY nadir spectrum

O2 CO2

CH4 CO

SCIAMACHY’s – Level 2 Data

SCIAMACHY Level 3/4 Data Product (not provided by ESA)

Comparison of SCIAMACHY O3 profiles with POAM III

10

20

30

40

50

0 1x1012 2x1012 3x1012 4x1012 5x1012 6x1012 7x1012

10 - 40 km O3 columns:

SCIAMACHY: 378 DUPOAM III: 384 DU

Total O3 column:

GOME: 459 DUTOMS: 456 DU

SCIAMACHY - POAM III coincidence on April 25, 2002

SCIA, Rozanov Lat: 56o-59o N, Long: 238o-253o, 18:30 UTC

SCIA, Savigny Lat: 56o-59o N, Long: 238o-253o, 18:30 UTC

POAM, Lat: 62o N, Long: 253o, 2:50 UTC

O3 density [cm -3]

Alti

tude

[km

]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1x1012

2x1012

3x1012

4x1012

POAM measurement 16, Lat: 57.84, Long: 36.66 SCIA state 9 of Orbit 02221, Lat: 56.4, Long: 50.7

O3 density [cm

-3]

Alti

tude

[km

]

Chlorine Dioxide

GOME Instrument Stability/Sensitivity to measure minor Trace Gases responsible for Ozone Depletion

Air Pollution Measurements – Tropospheric NO2 measured by SCIAMACHY – during the week - weekend

MIPAS CH4 measurements

GOMOS Ozone Measurements in the Mesosphere

Access to ESA Atmospheric Data &User Tool

Data available on ftp server via simple registration procedure - http://eopi.esa.int

Atmospheric User Tool: BEAT http://www.science-and-technology.nl/beat/