atbc talks hawaii 2015 kowiyou yessoufou_final
TRANSCRIPT
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Alien Plant Invasion in Southern Africa and Robben island: The Role of Phylogeny, Functional traits and
Climate Change
Kowiyou Yessoufou
University of South Africa
[email protected]@gmail.com
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Summary Vegetation types
Diversity of Vegetation types Biodiversity hotspots
Southern Africa as hot spots of diversity
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Fynbos
Namib Desert
Grassland
Savanna
Coastal Belt
Miombo Woodland
Southern Africa as hot spots of diversity…
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Wilson et al. 2013 S Afr J Sci. 109(5/6)
One Threat to native diversity in Southern Africa
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1935
Robben Island: ~ half of the island is covered by alien plants
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Rouget et al. 2015. South Afr J. Bot. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2015.04.009
Biome specificity in geographic pattern of alien
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Hypotheses
Thuiller et al. 2010. Divers. Distr. 16, 461–475
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Contradicting patterns reported in literature
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Documenting alien and native flora in Southern Africa
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6-year data collection across Southern Africa
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6-year Lab works: DNA data for Southern Africa’s flora
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1178 natives
232 exotics 169 invasives
63 non-invasives
o 584 genera
o 131 families
• 1410 taxa
Sampled taxa in figures
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Bezeng et al. 2015, J. Ecol. 103, 871–879
In-Nat Non_Inv-NatIn-Non_Inv
Nat Non_InvInv
Mann–Whitney U-test, W = 303 208, P < 0.001
Comparing phylogenetic relatedness
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Comparing phylogenetic relatedness on Robben Island
Similar pattern observed for random communities
Discounting Darwin’s Nat. Hypothesis
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Johnson 2010, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 499–516
Documenting functional traits of alien and native flora
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Comparing functional traits
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Comparing functional traits…
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Comparing functional traits…
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Chytrý et al. 2008. Ecology 89: 1541–1553.
Role of climate change
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MaxEnt projection
Role of climate change…
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Role of climate change…
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Exclude species of less than 20 (a), 30 (b) and 50 occurrence points (c)
a
b
c
Sensitivity of predictions to number of occurrence points
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Model sensitivity to dates of introduction
Species–climate equilibrium assumption of SDMs
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• Differences in functional traits between native and non-natives BUT NOT between invasive and non-native species
• These differences translate into a pattern that matches the predictions of Darwin’s Naturalization Hypothesis
• Climate change could contribute to fighting/limiting geographic ranges in the region
Conclusion
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Acknowledgement