at-1 termicki proracun parnog kotla
DESCRIPTION
parni kotloviTRANSCRIPT
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:
[kW] (1)
[kW] (2)
(((( ))))larkr IIB QQ ====++++
(((( )))) (((( ))))zplkkzplrlokr TTHTTHAQQ ++++====++++ 44
Qr [kW] - ,
Qk [kW] - ,
Br [kg/s] - ,
[-] - ,
Ia [kJ/kg] - () ,
lI [kJ/kg] - ,
-
[kW] (1)
[kW] (2)
[kJ/m3K] (3)
(1)
(((( ))))larkr IIB QQ ====++++
(((( )))) (((( ))))zplkkzplrlokr TTHTTHAQQ ++++====++++ 44
[kW/m2K
4] - - (
) - = 5,67 10-11
kW/m2K
4,
Al [-] - ,
Hr [m2] - ,
pl [K] - ,
z [K] - ,
[kW/m2K] -
Hk [m2] - .
T l
la
llaasr TT
TcTcc
====
-
[kW] (4)
Vg [m3/kg] - .
(2) (4)
[kW] (5)
(5)
[kW] (6)
(((( ))))lasrgrkr TTcVB QQ ====++++
(((( )))) (((( )))) (((( ))))lasrgrzplkkzplrlo TTcVB TTHTTHA ====++++ 44
(((( )))) (((( ))))
====++++ 144
3
zplsrgr
kkzpl
srgr
arlo
cVB
H
cVB
THA
a
plpl T
T==== - ,
a
zz T
T==== -
a
ll T
T
==== -
.
-
[kW] (6)
(6)
,
.
(BrVg / Hk ) (6)
(7)
(8)
(((( )))) (((( ))))
====++++ 144
3
zplsrgr
kkzpl
srgr
arlo
cVB
H
cVB
THA
Stwc cVB
H
gp
k
srgr
kk ====
k
srgrgp H
cVB wc
====
-
,
(6)
(9)
-
(
, )
(10)
(9)
(11)
(12)
(((( )))) 01443
====++++ lzplsrgr
arlo
cVB
THA
33
aro
srgr
aro
gpk
TH
cVB
TH
wcHBo
========
(((( )))) (((( )))) 0144 ==== lzpllBoA
(((( )))) 01 44 ==== zll
pl A
Bo
-
,
-
(13)
(12)
(14)
n
.
,
. n, ,
.
n xl, (14), -
,
(((( )))) nlpl C 44 ====
(((( ))))zl >>>>>>>>
(((( )))) (((( )))) 014 ==== ll
nl CA
Bo
-
(15)
(16)
(16) Bo/Al < 10
-
(10)
Vgcsr
[kJ/kgK] (17)
Hr
[m2] (18)
(19)
, (17)
(1)
[kJ/kg] (20)
(((( ))))la
lasr TT
IIVc
====
zsrr FH ====
(((( ))))33
azsro
srr
aro
srgr
TF
VcB
TH
cVB Bo
========
(((( )))) (((( )))) (((( ))))lasrlar TTVc II Q ========
-
(16), (17), (19) (20) -
[m2] (21)
[oC] (22)
(21) , (22)
. ,
,
(22).
3
2
231
1
====l
a
lasrlo
rrz T
T
M
TMTA
QBF
(((( ))))
273
1
603
++++
==== ,
srr
alzsro
al
VcB TAF
M
Tt
-
(23)
= R/Fz - , ( = 0)
(24)
(23) (24) Apl .
)1)(1)(1(1
)1(
++++====
srpl
plpll A
AAA
srplpl
pll AA
AA
)1( ++++====
, -
q,
q1 q2 .
(25)
(26)
dqds p a q ====
apseqq ==== 12
-
,
(27)
.
(-, -
, ),
( ),
[1/mMPa] (28)
,
(29)
m .
eq
qqA apspl
====
==== 11
21
a [1/mMPa] - , p [MPa] - s [m] - .
21 klppng aaraa ++++++++====
(((( )))) nplsplpl AmmAA ++++==== 1
-
Aspl Anpl (27)
-
[1/mMPa] (30)
-
[1/mMPa] (31)
-
(ag rn), (ap lp), (12) (a) " ".
= 0,1 .
[m] (32)
Vl [m3] - .
ngaraa ++++====
ngraa ====
z
l
F
V,s 63====
-
(33)
Qre . (x1Qre) , [(1 - x1)Qre] .
,
, x1 . , ,
(34)
(35)
x====
(((( )))) (((( )))) rererere QxxQxxQxQ 11111 21 ====++++====
(((( )))) xxxQ
Q
re
re ========
11 2
-
(36)
,
(37)
( )
" ".
e
r
re
re
F
H
Q
Qx ====
====
z
zii
z
rsr F
Fx
F
Hx ========
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(38)
" "
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re
re
Q
Q
====
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= x ,
(39)
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",
(40)
z
ziisr F
F ====
lBxAM ====
A B [-] - ,
xl [-] - .
-
()
[kJ/kg]
() I t
tao = f (Iao ; l) [oC]
vvvlr
rao QQQI ++++====100
rrQ [kJ/kg] - ,
karpGvvrd
rr QQQQHQ ++++++++++++==== [kJ/kg]
l [%] - , l = 100 - (q3 +
q4 + q6 ) [%]
Qv [kJ/kg] -
Qv = (l -l - m )ozvI + ( l + m )
ohvI [kJ/kg]
Qvv [kJ/kg] -
(((( ))))ohvozvuhvzvuvv IIIIQ ======== zvu [kJ/kg]
-
()
[kJ/kgK]
, ()
[kJ/kg]
[kJ/kgK]
-
(((( ))))ao
aoao t
IVc ====
graoa rIII ++++====
r [-] -
grI [kJ/kg] - , ( lgr II ==== ).
(((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) ++++==== laoa VcrVcVc
(((( )))) lll tIVc ====
-
-
D = 22,222 kg/s
-
ps = 46 bar
-
ts = 450 oC
-
[oC]
,
[oC]
.
,
.
(((( ))))aa
a
It
Vc ====
(((( ))))
273
1
6,0
3
++++
====
srr
alzsro
al
VcB
TAFM
Tt
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,
)
[kJ/kg]
)
[kJ/kg]
(((( )))) (((( )))) duir
pousgigub QhhB
DIIIQ ====++++====
(((( )))) (((( ))))uir
pousgigub hhB
DIIIQ ====++++====
-
)
-
) ()
) ()
-
)
[kJ/kg](((( )))) zvuzvousgigub IIIIIQ ====++++====
-
)
()
[kJ/kg](((( ))))ousgigub IIIQ ++++====
Igu [kJ/kg] - ,
Igi [kJ/kg] - ,
[-] - ,
ousI [kJ/kg] - ,
Dp [kg/s] - ,
hi [kJ/kg] - ,
hu [kJ/kg] -
Qd [kJ/kg] - .
-
a a a a a a
aa aa a x = 1, , -aa a a aa. K
a a a a a aa a
a a, a a a a a aa a
a a a aa a a.
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a aa a a a aa a a,
aa a
[kJ/kg]
a a a aa a a a 5
a , a a aa
a a, a a a a, a
a a a.
a aa a a a a aa
aa " ".
izd
uldd QQQ ====
uldQ [kJ/kg] - a aa a a
a a izdQ [kJ/kg] - a aa a a -
aa a aa a a aa.
-
Jaa a a
[kJ/kg]310
====r
t B
tkHQ
a a aa -
a , a
a a , -
aa a
a aa . a a-
a a-
t1, a a - a t2.
k [W/m2K] - aa - a a ,
H [m2] - aa a a, t [C] - aa aa
aa a
Br [kg/s] -
-
a a aa
aaa a z a -
z , a a a a aaa aa
k, a - k. -a a m a -
m. Ta -a a tz1, tz2, tz3 tz4. K aa a a a-
1, a a- a 2.
-
aa a a a
a a a aa aa
a a a
a a a
[W/m2]
aa a a a, a a
a a a
[oC]
(((( ))))
(((( ))))
(((( ))))
(((( ))))
(((( ))))
====
====
====
====
====
242
43
32
21
111
ttq
ttq
ttq
ttq
ttq
z
zzk
k
zzm
m
zzz
z
z
++++++++++++++++====
21
21
11
kk
m
m
z
zqtt
-
a
[W/m2]
k [W/m2K] aa aa aa a a.
a , a a aa
a
[W/m2K]
a aa a -
aa a a (1/1), - aa a (z/z), a (m/m), aa aa (k/k) a a a (1/2).
(((( )))) (((( ))))2121
21
11
1 ttkttq
k
k
m
m
z
z
====++++++++++++++++
====
21
11
1
++++++++++++++++
====
k
k
m
m
z
z
k
-
a aa aa a aa a a
a k/k = 0. a, a a a a,
aa m/m 0. aa a a a , - aa a
[W/m2K]
O aa a a a aa ( a, aa, a a ,
aa a a a). a a aa
aaa a, aa a
a aa aa aa a aa
[W/m2K]
++++++++====
21
11
1 k
21
11
1
++++
====k
-
a aa aa a a -
(aa , aaa, a a a-
aaaa) 1/2 aa a
[W/m2K]
[W/m2K]
K a aa a a a
a a Qd a aa
[W/m2K]
++++====
1
1
1k
1====k
++++
++++++++
====
21
11
1
1
bd
QQ
k
-
a aa aa a a -
a aa a a
aa , aaaa a -
aa a aa aa a a, a
aa
a) a a aa aa
[W/m2K]
) a a a () aa aa
[W/m2K]
21
11
1
++++
====k
2211
11
xx
k++++
====
[-] - a a , [-] - a aa a x1; x2 [-] - aaa a
a aaa.
-
K aa a a
a a a
a.
a aa a a a (a a-
a) , a a a a - aa " ".
K aa aa a a
a
[W/m2K]
a a a a a a
[W/m2K]
(((( ))))rk ++++====1
++++==== rk xs
d
2
12
[-] - a , k [W/m2K] - aa , d [m] - a a aa, x [-] - a aa a aa, s2 [m] - a aa a aa r [W/m2K] - aa a.
-
K aa aa a k a a
a a
nm PrReCANu ====
Nu [-] - (Nu = k d / ) R [-] - (R = wg d / ) Pr [-] - a (Pr = cp g / ) [-] - a aa aaaa a ,
C [-] - a
m,n [-] - a a aa aaaa a .
d [m] - a a aaa,
[W/mK] - aa, wg [m/s] - a aa aa, [m2/s] - a aa, cp [J/kgK] - aa aa g [kg/m3] - a aa.
-
aa C aa m n a aa aaaa a a.
aa a -
aa a aa a
a
[W/m2K]
K a a a aa
a aa a a a.
T
TT
T
ATA
z
n
z
zor
++++
====1
1
2
1 3
z [-] - aa a , [-] - a a T, A = 1- e-aps T [K] - aa aa aa, Tz [K] - aa aa a aa n [-] - ; a a a ( ) n = 4, a
a a a ( a ) n = 3,6.
-
K aa a a 2 a a
aa a , , -
a a aa.
aa a a H a
[kJ/kg]
a aa a
a a, a a aa -
a a aa aa a
aa a a a x. a a a aaa aa ( a a
a) aa a a a a a
a, a a a a a a .
aa a
a a.
nm PrReCANu ====
310
====r
t B
tkHQ
-
a aa a a
a: a a, a aa, a a
a aa aa . Jaa a
a
[W]
a aa aa
[W]
tkHQt ====
(((( )))) (((( ))))uipgigupggggb ttcFwttcFwQ ======== wg ;w [m/s] - aa aa ( aa)
a ,
Fg;F [m2] - a a aa a ,
g; [kg/m3] - a aa a , cpg ;cp [kJ/kgK] - aa aa
a ,
tgi ;ti [C] - aa aa a a a
tgu ;tu [C] - aa aa a a a .
-
M aaa a aa aa-
aa ( aa) a
[kW/K]
[kW/K]
a aa aa
[W]
a
a a a aa a a
aa aaa.
gpggpgggpgggg CcMcVcFw ============ &&
CcMcVcFw ppp ============ &&
(((( )))) (((( ))))uigigug ttCttC ====
g
g
ui
gigu
C
C
t
t
tt
tt========
-
Kaa a aa a
a a a aa a
aaa. a aa, a
a, , a aa
a aaa.
Kaa a aa aa a
a
a) aaa
) aaa
-
Kaa a aa
aaa a a aaa aa
a aa a a a
aaa aa aa a
a a a aa .
Kaa a aa aa a
a
a) aaa
) aaa
-
aaa aa aa a
a a a a aa
. a , a a a
a aaa aa
a .
Kaa a aa aa a
a
a) aaa
) aaa
-
[oC]
a
a -
aa a
a, ,
aaa.
m
v
mv
tt
ttt
====ln
-
aa -
a a aa a-
a a a . T
aa aa a a a, a
aa a. M, a
a a (aa, a
a, a a a a a a
a a) a aa a.
K a a a a
aaa
aa, a aaaa a. a
aaaa, a aaa aa aa
a
[oC]
a a a a
a a " ".
ssmtt ====
[-] - t ssm [
C] - a aaa aa aa
aaa.
-
Ja aa
)
[kJ/kg]
)
[kJ/kg]
)
[kJ/kg]
aa a
[kJ/kg]
aa a a, a
a a aaa -0,02 < < 0,02
(((( )))) (((( )))) duir
pousgigub QhhB
DIIIQ ====++++====
(((( )))) (((( ))))uir
pousgigub hhB
DIIIQ ====++++====
(((( )))) zvuzvousgigub IIIIIQ ====++++====
310
====r
t B
tkHQ
b
tb
Q
QQ ====
-
Ka a aa aa a
a a a , a
a a aa aa.
Taa a aa ( ) a a
a a a 10 C, a aa aa aa a 40 C,
.