Name: _______________________ Period: _____ Date: _________________Unit 2: Astronomy Part 1 Review Packet

Base your answer for the next two questions on the diagram below, which shows an inferred sequence in which our solar system formed from a giant interstellar cloud of gas and debris. Stage A shows the collapse of the gas cloud, stage B shows its flattening, and stage C shows the sequence that led to the formation of planets.

1) From stage B to stage C, the young Sun was createdA) when gravity caused the center of the cloud to contractB) when gravity caused heavy dust particles to split apartC) by outgassing from the spinning interstellar cloudD) by outgassing from Earth’s interior

2) At which phase of its evolutionary life is a white dwarf star?A) the late phase for small mass starB) the remains of a larger star's explosionC) in the main sequence phaseD) early phases, soon after a star's formation

3) When a star less massive than our sun consumes all of its nuclear fuel it will then become aA) white dwarf B) novaC) supernova D) black hole

4) What factor from the choices below determines whether a star will evolve into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole?A) mass B) percentage of heliumC) percentage of carbon D) apparent brightness

5) Which stars are the youngest?

A) Supergiant B) White dwarfC) Blue star D) Red Dwarfs

6) By using a spectroscope an astronomer canA) measure the size of a star B) measure the altitude of a starC) identify elements in the atmosphere of a starD) measure the diameter of a star

7) The explosion of a massive star near the end of its life is known as aA) nova B) pulsarC) supernova D) nebula

8) Which planet is located approximately ten times farther from the Sun than Earth is from the Sun?A) Mars B) JupiterC) Saturn D) Uranus

9) Compared to the Jovian planets in our solar system, Earth isA) less dense and closer to the Sun B) less dense and farther from the SunC) more dense and closer to the Sun D) more dense and farther from the Sun

10) Which statement correctly compares the size, composition, and density of Neptune to Earth?A) Neptune is smaller more gaseous, and less dense.B) Neptune is larger, more gaseous, and less dense,C) Neptune is smaller, more solid, and more dense.D) Neptune is larger, more solid, and more dense

11) The diagram below represents two planets in our solar system drawn to scale, Jupiter and planet A.

Planet A most likely represents

A) EarthB) VenusC) SaturnD) Uranus

12) The period of time a planet takes to make one revolution around the Sun is most dependent on the planet's averageA) rotation rateB) massC) insolation from the SunD) distance from the Sun

Base your answer on the data table below, which shows information about the four largest asteroids found in our solar system

13) Compared to the diameter of Earth’s Moon, the diameter of Ceres is aboutA) one-fourth of the Moon’s diameterB) one-half of the Moon’s diameterC) twice the diameter of the MoonD) four times the diameter of the Moo14) The diagram below represents the Earth's orbital path around the Sun. The Earth takes the same amount of time to move from A to B as from C to D.

Which values are equal within the system?A) The shaded sections of the diagram are equal in area.B) The distance from the Sun to the Earth is the same at point A and at point D.C) The orbital velocity of the Earth at point A equals its orbital velocity at point C.

D) The gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun at point B is the same as the gravitational force at point D

Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of stars and galaxies.

StarsStars can be classified according to their properties, such as diameter, mass, luminosity, and temperature. Some stars are so large that the orbits of the planets in our solar system would easily fit inside them.Stars are grouped together in galaxies covering vast distances. Galaxies contain from 100 billion to over 300 billion stars. Astronomers have discovered billions of galaxies in the universe.

15) Complete the table by placing an X in the boxes that indicate the temperature and luminosity of each star compared to our Sun.

16) List the five stars below in order of decreasing relative luminosity, with letter a being the brightest. Aldebaran, Betelgeuse, Polaris, Sirius, the Sun

17) Explain why a red giant star, similar to Aldebaran, has a greater luminosity than the Sun.

18) Identify the nuclear reaction referred to in this passage that combines hydrogen gas to form helium and produces most of the Sun’s energy.

19) Complete the table by identifying the color and classification of the star Procyon B. The data for the Sun have been completed as an example.

20) What will our sun become in approximately 5000 years.___________________________________