astm standards - gso
TRANSCRIPT
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ASTM Standards
Approaches to Sustainability and
Links to Design Methodologies
Richard S. Szecsy, PhD, PE President
Texas Aggregates and Concrete Association
Doha, Qatar
October 1, 2011
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Sustainability from Two Perspectives
SUSTAINABILITY IN CONCRETE
PRODUCT PROCESS
• Raw materials
• Composite materials
• Recycled content
• Design decisions
• Materials storage
• Manufacturing
• Transportation
• Waste management
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Overview
• ASTM
– Organizational Structure
– Important Documents
• Approaches to Sustainability
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ASTM Primary Objective
…is to be the foremost developer and provider
of consensus standards, related technical
information, and services having globally
recognized quality and market relevance
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ASTM International
• Founded in 1898
• Developing voluntary, consensus standards for
materials, products, systems & services
• Published more than 12,000 standards
• ASTM Standards reflect the most current
technology because they are continually
reviewed and updated
• Over 35,000 members from 145 countries
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Introduction to ASTM International
• Previously known as - American Society for
Testing & Materials, name changed in 2001
• ASTM International is a non-profit organization
headquartered in West Conshohocken, PA
• ASTM International is one of the largest
voluntary standards development organizations
(SDO) in the world
• ASTM sustains is operations through the sales
of its intellectual property
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Introduction to ASTM International
• Opportunity for stakeholders to participate
in the standards development process
• Every member has equal say
• Consensus based procedures
• Stakeholders on ASTM Committees:
– Product Manufacturers
– Regulatory Agencies
– End Users
– Professional Societies
– Academia
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Introduction to ASTM International
Example Committees:
• A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• C09 on Concrete and Aggregates
• C16 on Thermal Insulation
• E50 on Environmental Assessment
• D01 on Paint
• D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants
• D20 on Plastics
• E60 on Sustainability
• F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
• F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices
• F37 on Light Sport Aircraft
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• ASTM Standards are voluntary consensus standards
• Cited in a contracts
• Government agencies reference them in codes,
certification, regulations, laws (US: P.L. 104-113), and
international laws
How are Standards Used?
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Technical Committee Operations
• Staff manager for each committee
– ASTM Staff’s role is to manage & support the technical committees
• Staff editor for each committee
• Draft templates for new standards
• Web conferencing
• Electronic balloting
• Web access to committee information
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• Technical
Committees form to
address specific
industry needs
• Subcommittees are
established to
address subsets of
specialized subject
matter
• Subcommittees
organize their
expertise into Task
Groups to write
standards
Technical Committee Organization
Main
Committee
C09
C09.20
Aggregates
C09.40
Ready-Mix Concrete
C09.40.01 C09.40.02
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• Documents are drafted
and revised in the task
group
• New standards are
required to be balloted at
the subcommittee level
at least once
• After subcommittee
approval, the main
committee.
Balloting
Committee on
Standards
Society and Main
Committee
Subcommittee
Task
Group
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Technical Committee Balance
• Technical committees are “classified” and
“balanced”
• Committee Members are “classified” as one of the
following:
– Producer, User, General Interest, or Consumer
• Only one official vote is assigned per company.
• Every member receives ballots and should vote
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ASTM Basic Documents
• Standard Specifications
– An explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material,
product, system, or service
• Test Methods
– A definitive procedure that produces a test result
• Standard Practices
– A set of instructions for performing one or more specific
operations that does not produce a test result
• PCR
– More on this tomorrow…
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ASTM Documents
• ASTM C33
– Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
• ASTM C94
– Standard Specification for Ready Mixed Concrete
• ASTM C125
– Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
Aggregates
• ASTM C1157
– Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
• ASTM C1602 (water)
– Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
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ASTM C33 (Aggregates)
3.2 recycled, adj - diverted, separated, or removed from
the solid waste stream, processed and returned to use in
the form of raw materials or products.
A In the case of manufactured or recycled sand, if the
material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve consists of
the dust of fracture, essentially free of clay or shale,
these limits are permitted to be increased to 5 and 7 %,
respectively.
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ASTM C33 (Aggregates)
5.1 Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand,
manufactured sand, recycled sand, or a combination
thereof.
9.1 Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed
gravel, crushed stone, air-cooled blast furnace slag,
recycled aggregate, including crushed hydraulic-cement
concrete (see Note 6), or a combination thereof,
conforming to the requirements of this specification.
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Rationale via ISO 14021 Definitions
Recycled (content): The proportion, by mass, of
recycled material in a product or packaging. Only
pre-consumer and post-consumer materials shall
be considered as recycled content, consistent with
the following usage of the term(s):
Pre-consumer material: Material diverted from the
waste stream during a manufacturing process.
Excluded is reutilization of materials such as
rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process
and capable of being reclaimed within the same
process that generated it.
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ASTM C94 (ready mixed concrete)
• Top Loaded Concrete
• 90 min/300 drum revolutions
• Performance basis of standard
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Top Loaded Concrete (The dirty little secret!)
• ASTM C94 Section 3.2.5
– concrete, returned, n – unused concrete left in a ready-mix
truck and returned to the manufacturer.
• ASTM C94 Section 3.2.6
– concrete, top-loaded, n –a combination of returned concrete
with fresh new concrete (central mixed or shrink mixed)
batched on top; or a combination of returned concrete and
additional concrete constituent materials batched on top;
that is then combined by mixing in a truck mixer to form a
mix that is a composite of the returned concrete and the
newly batched materials.
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90 Min and 300 Drum revolutions
• ASTM C94 Section 12.7:
– “Discharge of the concrete shall be completed within 11/2 h,
or before the drum has revolved 300 revolutions…”
• User's Guide to ASTM Specification C941
– The 300 revolution limit was developed many years ago
(circa 1935) when mixers were powered by separate mixer
engines and had only one basic drum speed, about 6 rpm.
The limit on revolutions tended to control delivery time.
– Except for a very few soft aggregates, the 300 revolution,
limit is of no practical consequence.
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90 Min and 300 Drum Revolutions
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
3750
4000
4250
4500
4750
5000
200 250 300 350 400
Tim
e (
min
)
Co
mp
ress
ive
str
en
gth
(p
si)
Revolutions
7 day strength
28 day strength
Time
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What does a sack/bag of cement weigh?
• ASTM C94 Note 9:
– “In the United States the standard mass of a bag of portland
cement is 94 lb [42.6 kg].”
• ASTM C150 Note 6:
– “With the change to SI units, it is desirable to establish a
standard SI package for portland cements. To that end 42 kg
(92.6 lb) provides a convenient, even-numbered mass
reasonably similar to the traditional 94-lb (42.6-kg) package.”
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Prescriptive vs. Performance Ordering Options
• ASTM C94 Section 6
– 6.2 Option A: When the Purchaser requires the Manufacturer
to assume full responsibility for the selection of the
proportions for the concrete mixture.
– 6.3 Option B: When the Purchaser assumes responsibility
for the proportioning of the concrete mixture.
– 6.4 Option C: When the Purchaser requires the Manufacturer
to assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions
for the concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement
content specified.
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Current Ordering Performance Accountability
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Current Responsibility for Mixture Proportions
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Prescriptive and Performance Ordering Options
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Prescriptive and Performance Ordering Options
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Comparison
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Other Documents
• ASTM C125
– Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and
Concrete Aggregates
• ASTM C1157
– Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic
Cement
• ASTM C1602 (water)
– Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
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Questions
Richard S. Szecsy, PhD, PE President
Texas Aggregates and Concrete Assoc.
900 Congress
Austin, Texas 78701
214-202-1379 cell
512-451-5100 ofc
www.tx-taca.org