asteroids, comets, meteors ---- and impacts! asteroid belt -- between mars and jupiter
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Asteroids, Comets, Meteors ---- and Impacts!
Asteroid belt -- between Mars and Jupiter
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Comets -- large chunks of frozen gases and solid particles
Found in Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud
Due to perturbation of orbit, enter inner part of solar system , UV from Sun ionizes the frozen gases, and they fluoresce. Tail made up of glowing gases and solid particles that reflect sunlight.
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Historically comets have been viewed as good and bad omens
Halley’s comet 1911
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Composition: hydrogen, carbon & nitrogen compounds
Comet Wild 2
Hale-Bopp
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Recurrent comets
Halley’s comet -- Sir Edmund Halley using Newton’s laws calculated orbit of comet of 1682, suggested it was same as previous comets and predicted return in 1758 -- 76 yr period
Giotto 1986
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Meteor showers -- when Earth intersects debris from existing or extinct comet -- named for constellation the meteors appear to radiate
Leonids – Nov. – Tempel-Tuttle
Perseids – Aug – Swift-Tuttle
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Meteors, Meteors, and Meteorites
Small solid particles, dust grains, rocks enter atmosphere everyday, most disintegrate, burn up due to friction -- “shooting star” -- meteor
Occasionally survive passage -- meteorite
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A close encounter
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Impacts !
Barringer Crater
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The K-T event -- 65 million years ago
Iridium layer, Chicxulb crater in Yucatan 100 – 200 km diameter , 10 km asteroid or comet
75% extinction
Tunguska event 1908 in Siberia
Small asteroid ~ 40m
London
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Comet Shoemaker – Levy 9 (SL9) 1994 impacts Jupiter