association of stroke with parkinsons disease

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Association of Stroke with Parkinson’s diseases

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Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system and frequently brought about by means of the spontaneous degeneration of areas of the brain which particularly manage the initiation, rhythm, and smoothness of our actions, the tone of our muscle tissues, and the mechanisms that permit our bodies to maintain a usual posture always.

As these areas degenerate, these mechanisms ruin down, and the traditional signs of Parkinson's disease begin to emerge.

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These symptoms incorporate a tremor, which is very noticeable within the hands and which occurs when the arms are free.

Trouble starts with the developments of firm muscle tone which makes strolling and moving, a problem to a great extent along with irregular physique posture.

In the early stages of Parkinson's disease, your face may show little or no expression, or your arms may not swing when you walk. Your speech may become soft or slurred. Parkinson's disease symptoms worsen as your condition progresses over time.

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At times a healthy person develops this disease due to a silent stroke which is very minor with no visible symptoms and even sufferer itself did not get to know about the stroke. A small stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked for a very small period of time.

Before proceeding further let’s learn about stroke in brief following the effect of stroke on other areas of brain.The next slide will describe about the stroke.

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A stroke is a serious, life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability and possibly death.

There are two main causes of strokes:Ischemic – where the blood supply is stopped due to a blood clot (this accounts for 85% of all cases)Hemorrhagic – where a weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts.

There is also a related condition known as a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), where the supply of blood to the brain is temporarily interrupted, causing a "mini-stroke" which lasts for 30 minutes to several hours.

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A "small stroke", also known as a "silent stroke" can cause Parkinson's disease.

Researchers at The University of Manchester, for the first time identified why a patient who appears healthy may develop Parkinson’s disease.

Scientists at the university’s Faculty of Life Sciences have discovered that a small stroke, also known as a silent stroke, can cause Parkinson’s disease which is also named as Vascular Parkinsonism or Multi-infarct parkinsonism. Their findings have been published in the journal “Brain Behavior and Immunity”.

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Unlike a severe stroke, a silent stroke does not show any symptoms and happens when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked for a very short time and even the patient was unaware about this. However, it is now clear that the effect of a silent stroke can be the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain, which is an important region for movement coordination.

As per Dr. Emmanuel Pinteaux when they started the research they don’t have any idea regarding why dopaminergic neurons start to die in the brain and therefore why people get Parkinson’s disease. There have been suggestions that oxidative stress and aging are responsible. But what they wanted to look is that whether the effect of silent stroke results in Parkinson’s disease or not.

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They then induced a mild stroke similar to a silent stroke in the striatum area of the brain in mice. They found there was inflammation and brain damage in the striatum following the stroke, which they had expected.

What the researchers didn’t expect was the impact on another area of the brain, the substantia nigra. When they analyzed the substantia nigra they recorded a rapid loss of Substance P (a key chemical involved in its functions) along with inflammation.

The team then analyzed changes in the brain six days after the mild stroke and found neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. Dopaminergic neurons had been killed.

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Findings of the study:

After the study researchers found that inflammation following the stroke is very dangerous to the brain. Apart from this, the area of the brain also gets affected with stroke which is away from the stroke location. Due to this it is very necessary to have anti-inflammatory medicine, lack of which may lead to Parkinson’s disease.

Following to this, researchers now hopes to set up a clinical investigation on people who have had a silent stroke to assess dopaminergic neuron degeneration. There is a hope that with the research, the treatment for Parkinson’s will be available to the patients soon.

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• StemGenn Therapeutics is a leading Cell therapy & Regenerative medicine services company that supports the development and commercialization of cellular therapies and stem cell research.

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• Mr. Prabhu Mishra : CEO, Co-Founder

• Ms. Richa Jha : MD, Co-Founder

• Ms. Shreyashi Gangopadhyay: Director- Business Development

• Dr. Sharda Jain : Chairman- Global StemGenn

• Dr. H S Bedi :Director- Cardio Vascular, CMC Ludhiana

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Reference:

http://stroke.about.com/od/unwantedeffectsofstroke/a/parkinsons.htm

http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=9267

association of stroke with parkinsons disease

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