association of energy engineers southern ca chapter luncheon · 11/7/2018 · princeton university...
TRANSCRIPT
Gene KoganDirector
Western CHP TAP
Association of Energy Engineers Southern CA Chapter Luncheon
11-7-2018
Presentation Outline• What is Combined Heat & Power (CHP)• When does CHP application make technical and
financial sense• Resiliency benefits of CHP and lessons learned
from recent storms• Examples of CHP Installations in critical facilities• How to implement a CHP project with the help of
a CHP TAP• Q&A
DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships
www.energy.gov/chp
• End User EngagementPartner with strategic End Users to advance technical solutions using CHP as a cost effective and resilient way to ensure American competitiveness, utilize local fuels and enhance energy security. CHP TAPs offer fact‐based, non‐biased engineering support to manufacturing, commercial, institutional and federal facilities and campuses.
• Stakeholder EngagementEngage with strategic Stakeholders, including regulators, utilities, and policy makers, to identify and reduce the barriers to using CHP to advance regional efficiency, promote energy independence and enhance the nation’s resilient grid. CHP TAPs provide fact‐based, non‐biased education to advance sound CHP programs and policies.
• Technical ServicesAs leading experts in CHP (as well as microgrids, heat to power, and district energy) the CHP TAPs work with sites to screen for CHP opportunities as well as provide advanced services to maximize the economic impact and reduce the risk of CHP from initial CHP screening to installation.
DOE CHP Deployment Program Contacts
www.energy.gov/chp‐contacts
Tarla T. Toomer, Ph.D.CHP Deployment ManagerOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyU.S. Department of [email protected]
Patti GarlandDOE CHP TAP Coordinator [contractor]Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyU.S. Department of [email protected]
Ted BronsonDOE CHP TAP Coordinator [contractor]Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyU.S. Department of [email protected]
DOE CHP Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs)
Combined Heat & PowerOverview
CHP: A Key Part of Our Energy Future Form of Distributed Generation
(DG)
An integrated system
Located at or near a building / facility
Provides at least a portion of the electrical load and
Uses thermal energy for:
o Space Heating / Cooling
o Process Heating / Cooling
o Dehumidification
CHP provides efficient, clean, reliable, affordable energy –today and for the future.
Source: www.energy.gov/chp
FuelFuel 100 units
CHP75% efficiency
Total Efficiency~ 75%
FuelFuel
FuelFuel
30 units30
unitsPower Plant
32% efficiency(Including T&D)
Onsite Boiler80% efficiency
45 units
ElectricityElectricity
HeatHeat
Total Efficiency~ 50%
94 units
56 units
30 to 55% less greenhouse gas emissions
CHP Recaptures Heat of Generation, Increasing Energy Efficiency, and Reducing GHGs
Common CHP Technologies
50 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 20 MW
Fuel Cells
Gas TurbinesMicroturbines
Reciprocating Engines
Steam Turbines
CHP System Schematic
Prime MoverReciprocating EnginesCombustion Turbines
MicroturbinesSteam Turbines
Fuel CellsORC turbine
ElectricityOn-Site Consumption
Sold to Utility
FuelNatural GasPropaneBiogas
Landfill GasCoalSteam
Waste ProductsOthers
Generator
Heat Exchanger
ThermalSteam
Hot WaterSpace HeatingProcess HeatingSpace CoolingProcess CoolingRefrigeration
Dehumidification
What Are the Benefits of CHP?
CHP is more efficient than separate generation of electricity and heating/cooling
Higher efficiency translates to lower operating costs (but requires capital investment)
Higher efficiency reduces emissions of pollutants
CHP can also increase energy reliability and enhance power quality
On‐site electric generation can reduce grid congestion and avoid distribution costs.
Emerging National Drivers for CHP• Resiliency for critical infrastructure -
opportunities created by environmental drivers like storms
• Benefits of CHP recognized by policymakers
• State Portfolio Standards (RPS, EEPS), Tax Incentives, Grants, standby rates, etc.
• Favorable outlook for natural gas supply and price in North America
• Utilities finding economic value
DOE / EPA CHP Report (8/2012)
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/pdfs/chp_clean_energy_solution.pdf
CHP’s Higher Efficiency Results in Energy and Emissions Savings
Category 10 MW CHP 10 MW PV
10 MW Wind
10 MWNGCC
Annual Capacity Factor 85% 22% 34% 70%
Annual Electricity 74,446 MWh 19,272 MWh 29,784 MWh 61,320 MWh
Annual Useful Heat Provided 103,417 MWht
None None None
Footprint Required 6,000 sq ft 1,740,000 sq ft 76,000 sq ft N/A
Capital Cost $20 million $60.5 million $24.4 million $10 million
Annual Energy Savings, MMBtu 308,100 196,462 303,623 154,649
Annual CO2 Savings, Tons 42,751 17,887 27,644 28,172
Annual NOx Savings 59.9 16.2 24.9 39.3
Source: Combined Heat and Power, A Clean Energy Solution: August 2012: DOE and EPA
Best CHP candidates• High and constant thermal load• Favorable spark spread• Need for high reliability • Concern over future electricity prices • Interest in reducing environmental impact• Planned facility expansion or new
construction; or equipment replacement within the next 3-5 years
Attractive CHP Markets
Industrial Chemical
manufacturing Ethanol Food processing Natural gas pipelines Petrochemicals Pharmaceuticals Pulp and paper Refining Rubber and plastics
Commercial Data centers Hotels and casinos Multi‐family housing Laundries Apartments Office buildings Refrigerated
warehouses Restaurants Supermarkets Green buildings
Institutional Hospitals Schools (K – 12) Universities &
colleges Wastewater
treatment Residential
confinement
Agricultural Concentrated
animal feeding operations
Dairies Wood waste
(biomass)
Where is the Remaining Potential for CHP?
The Potential for Additional CHP Is Nationwide
<1,000 MW1,000-3,000 MW3,000-5,000 MW>5,000 MW
U.S. Dept. of Energy, “Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technical Potential in the United States”, March 2016.
Western Region Onsite Technical Potential
State Industrial (MW) Commercial (MW) Total (MW)
Arizona 666 1,756 2,422
California 4,362 7,409 11,771
Hawaii 76 486 562
Nevada 283 1,095 1,378
Total 5,387 10,746 16,133
U.S. Dept. of Energy, “Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technical Potential in the United States”, March 2016. http://energy.gov/chp‐potential
Resilience with CHP
Critical Infrastructure and Resilience Benefits of CHP
“Critical infrastructure” refers to those assets, systems, and networks that, if incapacitated, would have a substantial negative impact on national security, national economic security, or national public health and safety.”Patriot Act of 2001 Section 1016 (e)
Applications: Hospitals and healthcare centers Water / wastewater treatment plants
Police, fire, and public safety Centers of refuge (often schools or universities)
Military/National Security Food distribution facilities
Distributed Energy Resources Disaster Matrix
Source: DOE Better Buildings (2018). Issue Brief: Distributed Energy Resources Disaster Matrix
11
Critical Facilities in Florida that Maintained Operations during Hurricane Irma with CHP
GRU South Energy Center / Shands Hospital Miami‐Dade South District WWTP
Eight Flags Energy Center, Fernandina BeachSt. Josephs Hospital, Tampa
Critical Facilities in Puerto Rico that Maintained Operations during Hurricane Maria with CHP
Hospital de la Conceptión, San Germán
Mato
Matosantos Commercial, Vega Baja 22
Post Sandy Manhattan
ConEd HQ
Resilient University Microgrids in Hurricane Sandy The College of New Jersey (NJ) – 5.2 MW CHP
◦ “Combined heat and power allowed our central plant to operate in island mode without compromising our power supply.” ‐ Lori Winyard, Director, Energy and Central Facilities at TCNJ
Fairfield, University (CT) – 4.6 MW CHP◦ 98% of the Town of Fairfield lost power, university only lost power for a brief period at
the storm’s peak◦ University buildings served as area of refuge for off‐campus students
Stony Brook University (LI, NY) – 45 MW CHP◦ < 1 hour power interruption to campus of 24,000 students (7,000 residents)
NYU Washington Square Campus (NY, NY) – 13.4 MW CHP
Princeton University (NJ) – 15 MW CHP◦ CHP/district energy plant supplies all heat and hot water and half of the electricity to
campus of 12,000 students/faculty◦ "We designed it so the electrical system for the campus could become its own island in
an emergency. It cost more to do that. But I'm sure glad we did.“ – Ted Borer, Energy Manager at Princeton University [see Wednesday am Ted Talk]
http://www.districtenergy.org/26th‐annual‐campus‐energy‐conference/
Resilient Critical Infrastructure in Hurricane Sandy Danbury Hospital (Danbury, CT) – 4.5 MW CHP
◦ supplies 371 bed hospital with power and steam to heat buildings, sterilize hospital instruments & produce chilled water for AC
◦ $17.5 million investment, 3‐4 year payback, cut AC costs 30%
Nassau Energy Corp. (Long Island, NY) – 57 MW CHP◦ Supplies thermal energy to 530 bed Nassau University Medical Center, Nassau
Community College, evacuation center for County ◦ No services lost to any major customers during Sandy
The Long Island Home (Long Island, NY) – 1.3 MW CHP◦ Serves 197 bed South Oaks Hospital and 320 resident Broadlawn Manor◦ Stayed operational and isolated from LIPA grid for 15 days
Hartford Hospital/Hartford Steam (CT) – 14.9 MW CHP
Bergen County Utilities Wastewater (Little Ferry, NJ) ‐ 2.8 MW CHP
◦ Process sewage for 47 communities
CHP Sites Operating Through Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
• Albioma Caribbean Cogeneration Plants:• Albioma Le Moule & Albioma Caraïbes in Guadeloupem• Albioma Galion in Martinique (Sugar/Ethanol Plants)• Location and Installation Year: Guadeloupe (1995 and 2011, respectively), Martinique (2007)
• CHP Size: Albioma Le Moule (64 MW)• Albioma Caraïbes (38 MW)• Albioma Galion (40 MW)
• Testimonial: Plants “Sustained minimal damage with no significant impact on operation”• Source: http://www.sugaronline.com/website_contents/view/1253054
Designing for ReliabilityTwo Generator Types
• Induction• Requires external power source to operate
• When grid goes down, generator goes down
• Less Complicated and Costly to Interconnect
• Synchronous (preferred)• Self Excited (Does not need grid to operate)
• Generator can operate thru Grid outages
• More Complicated and Costly to Interconnect
Uninterrupted Operation Requirements
Black start capability◦ Allows the system to start up independently
from the grid Generators capable of grid‐independent
operation◦ The system must be able to operate without
grid power signal Ample Carrying Capacity
◦ System size must match critical loads Parallel utility interconnection and
switch gear controls◦ The system must be able to disconnect from
the grid, support critical loads, and reconnect after an event
Emergency Generators• Minimum requirement, sized to meet “life
critical loads
• Hospitals are installing larger generators to protect more and more hospital loads
• Diesel fueled – high emissions & limited amount of stored fuel (hours versus days of operation)
• Not designed or capable of continuous operation for long periods of time – rarely operates
• Financial payback only in times of emergency
Emergency Generators vs. CHP SystemsCHP Systems
Sized to meet thermal or electric loads –operates continuously to meet those loads
Natural gas fueled – low emissions
Does not replace emergency generator set for “life critical” loads
Reduces overall size and capacity of emergency generator sets
Emergency generator sets become backup to the backup; much higher reliability
Good financial return
DOE Report on CHP in Critical Infrastructure
• Provides context for CHP in critical infrastructure applications.
• Contains 14 case studies of CHP operating through grid outages.
• Policies promoting CHP in critical infrastructure.
• Recommendations on how to design CHP for reliability
http://www.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/pdfs/chp_critical_facilities.pdf
California Rebates and Incentives• Self Generation Incentive Program
• Provides incentives for the installation of distributed generation and storage technologies installed on the customer’s side of the utility meter
• Available to retail electric and gas customers of PG&E, SCE, SoCalGas, and SDG&E
• Eligible Technologies: wind turbine, waste heat to power, pressure reduction turbine*, internal combustion engine*, microturbine*, gas turbine*, steam turbine*, fuel cell*, advanced energy storage (*eligible for biogas adder)
CHP Snapshots
CHP Project Snapshot: Hospitality/HotelsThe Westin Princeville Ocean Resort VillasKauai, Hawaii
Capacity (MW): 1 MWPrime Mover: 5 x 200 kW MicroturbinesFuel Type: PropaneThermal Use: Absorption cooling and pool heating
Testimonial: “We recognize that the vitality of the resort is directly linked to the vitality of the community where it operates…In addition to doing the right thing for the environment, The Westin Princeville Ocean Resort Villas is proud of the economic benefits that our project provided to Kaua‘i’s local contractors and vendors.”
– Denise Wardlow, General Manager, Westin Princeville Ocean Resort Villas
Source: The Westin Princeville Ocean Resort and Villas
Source: Hawaii Business Magazine issued April 2015 “More Efficient Power” By Chris Oliver
CHP Project Snapshot: Microgrid29 Palms Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command (MAGTFTC)Twentynine Palms, CA
CHP Capacity (MW): 9.2 MWPrime Mover: 2 x 4.6 MW gas turbinesFuel Type: Natural Gas and PropaneThermal Use: Absorption cooling and heatingBackground: In 2003, MCAGCC Twentynine Palms built a 7.2 MW CHP facility as part of an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC). The project was such a success (payback less than three years), that Twentynine Palms commissioned a second 9.2 MW CHP system in 2013. The system enables the base electric system to completely “island” from the grid.
Source: MCAGCC/MAGTFTC 29 Palms
Source: Vanderweil Power Group
http://www.districtenergy.org/assets/pdfs/2013CampConference/Thursday/Track‐B/5B.3FINALIDEA‐2013‐Mission‐Critical‐CHP‐29‐Palms‐Final.pdf
http://www.pendleton.marines.mil/Portals/98/Energy/MCIWEST_Strategy_v21.pdf
CHP Project Snapshot: Sustainability & Resilience (Hotels/Casinos)
MGM International (CityCenter) Las Vegas, NVCapacity (MW): 8 MW
Prime Mover: Gas Turbine
Fuel Type: Natural Gas
Thermal Use: Domestic hot water
Installation Year: 2009
Testimonial: MGM Resorts’ CityCenter project had an eye on sustainability and functional design. Resort operations require consistent and reliable access to electricity and hot water for guest services and hotel security functions. CHP plant provides more than 25 percent of the annual electricity and a measure of resiliency from the local electricity grid not available at other resorts. In the event of a grid failure, CityCenter has the ability to maintain operations of critical functions. Source: “MGM Resorts Deploys Clean Energy CHP System at CityCenter”
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research‐and‐analysis/q‐and‐a/2013/10/31/mgm‐resorts‐deploys‐clean‐energy‐chp‐system‐at‐citycenter
Source: MGM International
CHP Project Snapshot: MunicipalitiesCentral Marin Sanitation Agency San Rafael, CA
CHP Capacity (MW): 750 kWPrime Mover: 1 x 750 kW reciprocating engineFuel Type: Digester gas and natural gasThermal Use: Heating Digesters and Potable Water Supply
Background: Largest wastewater treatment facility in Marin County and treats approximately 6 billion gallons of wastewater a year.
In 2013, the site completed construction of a commercial Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) and food waste receiving facility, which has allowed CMSA to begin receiving daily FOG loads. The digester gas produced from the facility offsets natural gas that would otherwise be fed to the existing CHP system.
Total project cost for the facility was about $1.9M with a payback between 3‐8 years depending on increase in food waste loads.
Source: Marin Sanitary Service & Central Marin Sanitation Agencyhttps://www.cwea.org/conferences/2015/Biosolids/dow‐scheiblyinnovativefoodwaste52615.pdf
CHP Project Snapshot: San Diego State University 11 MW Natural Gas Turbines CHP Thermal Driven Cooling Chilled Water Storage Backup Gensets & UPS
UCSD Microgrid• 27 MW Natural Gas Turbine CHP• 2.8 MW Directed Biogas Fuel Cell• Thermal Driven Cooling• Chilled Water Storage• Electric Storage Planned• Backup Gensets & UPS
SoCalGas Data Center• Three 65 kW Microturbine CHP units
• 77 ton double effect absorption chiller
• Integrated with UPS
• Can potentially reduce
size of diesel Gen sets
and battery string
• Overall efficiency – 60%
SMUD Microgrid at Corporate Central Utility Plant• Three 100 kW engine inverter based CHP units
• 10 kW solar PV
• 128 ton absorption chiller
• Chilled water storage
• Smart Switch
How to Implement a CHP project with the help of the
CHP TAP
CHP TAP Role: Technical Assistance
CHP Project ResourcesGood Primer Report DOE CHP Technologies
Fact Sheet Series
www.eere.energy.gov/chpwww.energy.gov/chp-technologies
CHP Project ResourcesDOE CHP Installation Database
(List of all known CHP systems in U.S.)
Low-Cost CHP Screening and Other Technical Assistance from
the CHP TAP
energy.gov/chp-installs energy.gov/CHPTAP
Summary• CHP gets the most out of a fuel source, enabling
• High overall utilization efficiencies• Reduced environmental footprint• Reduced operating costs
• CHP can be used in different strategies, including critical infrastructure resiliency and emergency planning
• Proven technologies are commercially available and cover a full range of sizes and applications
Next StepsContact Western CHP TAP for assistance if: Interested in having a Qualification Screening performed to determine if there is an opportunity for CHP at your site
If you already have an existing CHP plant and interested in expanding it
Need an unbiased 3rd Party Review of a proposal
