TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS: A SMALL

PRESENTATION BY

JOSNA KARAMPAL

NOMMANDAKHROSHNI

SULAIMAN

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION THE 3 EGO STATES: PAC MODEL PARENTAL EGO STATE ADULT EGO STATE CHILD EGO STATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERACTIONS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTIONTransaction Analysis : a theory for analysing

human behavior and communication.

Developed by Eric Berne.

Seeks to explain how each of us has developed into the people we have become by understanding everything around us.

A model for explaining why and how people think, act and interact like they do

Contd…Some of the important assumptions made

by TA are :

Everyone is born ok.

Each person has a right to be in this world and to be accepted as they are.

Everyone is responsible for themselves

All seek physical and emotional nurturing so our behavior is modified to achieve this

THE 3 EGO STATES: PAC MODEL Everyone has three ego states based on their

childhood experiences and role models.

Each ego state is a separate and distinct source of behavior

The three ego states are Parent Ego state or “ The Should Ego state, the Adult Ego state that “ Computes Dispassionately” and the Child Ego state that “Makes you feel like you did when you were a child”.

PARENT EGO STATE Thoughts, feelings, attitudes and behavioral patterns based on

lessons learned from parents and other ‘parental’ sources

Parent ego state can be divided into two types: the Nurturing Parent ego state and the Critical Parent Ego state

The Nurturing Parent ego state includes the nurturing side and can be soft, loving, and permission giving.

The Critical Parent. (also sometimes called the Prejudiced Parent) includes part of our personality contains the prejudged thoughts,feelings and beliefs that we learned from our parents.

Values of the parent ego state : Condemning, Moralistic, Supportive, Encouraging, Judgmental, Nurturing and Critical.

CHILD EGO STATEThoughts, feelings, attitudes and

behavioral patterns based on child like emotions

Divided into two parts : Free child ego state( known as Natural child) and Adaptive child ego state(includes Rebellious child ego state)

Free child : spontaneous feeling and behavior.

Characteristics : playful, expressive and emotional.

Contd..Adaptive child : Experience and parental

influence on behaviorPart of the personality that has learned to

comply with the parental messages received while growing up.

Rebellious Child ego state: Sometimes when faced with parental messages that are restricting, instead of complying with them, we rebel against them.

Values of child ego state : Selfish, Mean, Playful, Affectionate, Whining, Manipulative and Curious, Impulsive, Pleasure seeking, Angry, Happy and Self centered.

ADULT EGO STATE

Adult ego state is data processing center.

Part of our personality that can process data accurately, that sees, hears, thinks, and can come up with solutions to problems based on the facts and not solely on our pre-judged thoughts or childlike emotions.

Gives a person a measure of objectivity.

Can evaluate parental and child programming and decide on what is all right and what needs to be changed.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERACTIONS :

Three basic types of interactions : Complementary, Crossed and Ulterior.

Complementary: When a transaction gets the expected response from a specific ego state in the other person.

The lines of transactions are kept open between the transactors.

Eg. Do you know where the xray is?It seems to be temporarily misplaced. I

have a tracer in it.

Contd…

Crossed Transactions: When a transaction gets an unexpected

response from an unexpected ego state in the other person.

Frequent source of resentment between people.

Eg. Do you know where the xray is?It is right where you left it. Can’t you

remember anything?

Ulterior transactions

When a transaction has a hidden message to it and it hooks the ego state the hidden message was going for not the one the overt message was aimed at.

The ulterior message is more important to the sender than the overt message.

Eg.1) Do you know where the xray is?I cant find anything when I need it.(Looks sad and pouts a little)

2)Don’t worry I will find it for you(Gives an affectionate look and touch).

Strokes

Defined as unit of human recognition. Non verbal means of communication. Can be a nod, a look, a smile, a touch. Whenever a human being does something to

recognise another human being, it is called a stroke.

Can be positive or negative. Can be conditional or unconditional. Conditional strokes given for what we do or

what we accomplish or the trait what we possess.

Unconditional stroke are negative strokes. They convey that we are not ok.

Conclusion

We all have three ego states programmed with different kinds of behavior.

Awareness of ego states gives more choices in your communication patterns.

THANK YOU