Soban Singh Jeena Campus, Almora

Sub: An Assignment on Rural Development in India Submitted to: Durgapal Sir.

Submitted By:

Shailesh Gururani

BBA 5th SEM

The Rural Development in India is one of the most important factors for the growth of the Indian economy. India is primarily an agriculture-based country. Agriculture contributes nearly one-fifth of the gross domestic product in India. In order to increase the growth of agriculture, the Government has planned several programs pertaining to Rural Development in India. The Ministry of Rural Development in India within the Central Government of India is the legal authority pertaining to the rural development in India. The department plays an important part in the development of rural business and economy. The Ministry of Rural Development in India is the apex body for formulating policies, regulations and acts pertaining to the development of the rural sector. Agriculture, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, and dairy are the primary contributors to the rural business and economy. As India is chiefly an agricultural economy, the development of the rural sector is very important. The Ministry of Rural Development in India is engaged in legislations for the social and economic improvement of the rural populace. The Ministry also envisages the provision of better execution of land reforms, superior access to credit, more participative rural development programs, more decentralized planning, etc.

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA – DEPARTMENTS

Department of Rural Development: This department executes the schemes for wage employment and self-employment generation and, for providing small irrigation and housing facilities to the rural poor, provide economic aid to the poor in rural areas. The department also develops roads in the rural areas. The Department facilitates the provision of several support services such as human resource development, training and research facilities, institutes of Panchayati Raj, functional assistance to the DRDA, and oversees the execution of projects and programs. The schemes under the Department of Rural Development are –

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act-2005

Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana

Guidelines for Special Project Under SGSY

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

Indira Awaas Yojana (Rural Housing)

National Social Assistance Program

National Food For Work Program (NFFWP)

PURA

Department of Land Resources: This department executes the schemes pertaining to the mass production of agricultural produce by the means of wasteland developments within the country. The Department also facilitates the provision of support services such as improvement of revenue system, land reforms, and structured land records. The Department has also undertaken development of drought prone areas and desert areas in India. The main objective is to increase the moisture and soil conservation in fertile lands and increase the productiveness of the wastelands. The schemes under the Department of Land Resources are -

Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP)

Desert Development Programme (DDP)

Hariyali

NGOs

Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP)

IPS

Land Reforms Schemes Programs

Department of Drinking Water Supply: This department facilitates the provision of proper sanitation facilities and drinking water supply in the rural areas. The schemes under the Department of Drinking Water Supply are -

Swajaldhara, or Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)

Total Sanitation Programme (TSP)

Human Resource Development (HRD)

Department of Rural Development in India

Department of Rural Development in India is a department under the Ministry of Rural Development in the Central Government of India. The Department facilitates the provision of several services such as training and research facilities, human resource development, institutes of Panchayati Raj, and at the same time provides functional assistance to the DRDA and oversees the execution of projects and schemes. Department of Rural Development also executes the schemes for wage employment and self-employment generation and, for providing small irrigation and housing facilities to the rural poor, provide economic aid to the poor in rural areas, basic minimum services. The department also develops roads in the rural areas.

Department of Rural Development in India-Monitor Mechanism

National Level Monitors: The main purpose of this monitoring is to assure the efficiency and transparency in the execution of the schemes. The Ministry formed a high profile panel of retired Civil Servants and senior level Ex-Servicemen to monitor the policies and execute the schemes.

District Level Monitoring: This is the latest advancement in the monitoring of the schemes executed under the Department of Rural Development. The monitoring would be performed by independent agencies. This function would allow the Ministry to have monthly

progress report of the ongoing schemes and prepare qualitative reports on the policies.

Programs for Rural development

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was introduced in the year 2000. The main objective of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is to facilitate the provision transportation by the means of well-paved weatherproof roads with the purpose of connecting all the rural areas with more than 500 individuals. Around 1,60,000 such rural areas would be covered under this project at an estimated cost of Rs. 60,000 crore. This project is totally financed by the Central Government of India. The Central Government is also endowed with the responsibility of formulating the policies for the smooth functioning of the projects. The project guidelines and the provisions by the Government of India would ensure the better planning, better methods of implementation, better quality measures, completion of project within time, execution of project in accordance with the plan, proper clearances for the execution of road work from the authorities concerned, and so forth.

The rural transportation system in India is one of the major factors for the development of rural areas, which would in turn promote the rural economy and commercial trade. The increase in the economic activities in the rural areas would ensure the generation of employment and increase in the income level of the rural populace, which would uplift their living standards, etc. The increase in the income would mainly be in the agricultural sector, which would contribute sumptuously to the growth of the Indian Economy. The main aim of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is the reduction of poverty by the means of providing infrastructure facilities. Around 40% of the total rural areas are yet to be provided with the facilities of proper transportation system.

In order to end this problem forever the Central Government of India has designed the project called Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana to provide proper weatherproof roads in the rural areas. The project is fully sponsored by the Central Government of India. The reserve funds for this project are allocated as 50% of the high-speed diesel cess.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana - Objectives

The main objective of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is to provide connection by the means of paved weatherproof roads with the required cross-drainage, culverts and causeways to the rural places that are yet to be connected. Under this project all places with the population of more than 1000 will be connected by the means of proper roads and the time period of the project is three years. For the rural places with the population of 500 and above the time period of the project is the end of the Tenth Plan in the year 2007. The rural areas with 250 individuals as the population such as the desert areas, hilly states of Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal, Northeast, Himachal Pradesh, tribal areas designated under Schedule V would also be covered by the project.

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana would allow the improvement of the present roads in the districts where the roads are far below standard in accordance with the prescribed criterion .The process of improvement is not the chief aspect of the project so more than 20% of the fund allocated to the state cannot be used for the purpose of improvement if the main function of construction still remains unfinished.

Indira Awaas Yojana

The Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) is a scheme for providing the rural folks with home and shelter. Shelter is one of the basic needs of any individual other than food and clothing. The Indira Awaas Yojana scheme was introduced by the Government of India with the purpose of construction of house property in the rural areas.

Indira Awaas Yojana was introduced in the year 1986 as a part of larger Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) scheme. The Indira Awaas Yojana was carried on as a part of the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) scheme in the year 1989. It was separated from this scheme in the year 1996 and henceforth continued as an autonomous scheme.

The main purpose of the Indira Awaas Yojana is to provide assistance to the people under the category of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, rural poor people, laborers, and other non-scheduled castes and scheduled tribes categories below the poverty line. In case of the non-SC and ST, financial assistance should not exceed 40% of the entire allocation of funds to any respective state pertaining to a financial year.

In the year 1996, the benefits of Indira Awaas Yojana was extended to next-of kin and widows of defense personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen, and para-military forces killed in battle regardless of the income level of the deceased under the condition that -

The person in question lived in the rural sector

The person in question falls under the category of any other shelter rehabilitation scheme of the Government

The person in question does not own a house property or was in serious need of a shelter

For the better functioning of the IAY schemes a detailed report about the progress is to be maintained. Moreover, the implementation should be

transparent in nature. The information about the execution of the scheme is recorded in three different levels as follows-

At village level -

The list of rural populace in the category of households below poverty line (BPL)

The list of donees for the present year and the previous year which would include the details of the number of women, ST/SC, and

physically disabled individual donees

The funds allocated to the village under the IAY scheme

At block level -

The proper distribution of the funds pertaining to the allotment

The maintenance of rosters pertaining to the progress of the implementation

The allocation of the financial aids in the IAY scheme at the block level

At district level -

The record of block wise financial assistances pertaining to the IAY scheme

The establishment of the standards for the distribution of the funds to different blocks

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was established as the premiere development bank. The main purpose of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is to

provide credit for the development and publicity of small-scale industries, handicrafts, rural crafts, village industries, cottage industries, agriculture, etc. The NABARD also supports all other related economic operations in the rural sector and looks after the promotion of sustainable growth in the rural sector.

The NABARD also plays the role of a contributor to the rural development by the means of promoting institutional development, facilitating refinancing the loan providers in the rural sector, inspection, monitoring, and evaluation of client financial corporations.

The NABARD also provides assistance to the Reserve Bank of India, other organizations related with the development of the rural sector, and the Government of India, coordinates the functions of the rural loan providers, aids the state governments in assisting the rural developmental institutions, provides training facilities for the cooperatives, banks, and other organizations.

Objectives of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development are -

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development would be the apex body pertaining to the planning of the financial and functional aspects of promotion for small-scale industries, agriculture, handicrafts, rural crafts, village industries, cottage industries, and any kind of commercial operations in the rural sector.

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development would function as a refinancing organization for the credit given by

financial agencies both long term loans and short term loans for promoting various kinds of activities in the rural sector.

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development would facilitate the provision of direct loan to different institutions on the approval of the Central Government of India.

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development would have constitutional connections with the apex bank, the Reserve Bank of India.

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana

The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) is the scheme for the development of employment in the rural sector of India. Previously there were two different schemes pertaining to the generation of wage employment in the rural sector under the Ministry of Rural Development in India. The schemes were Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) for the generation of wage employment and the Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) for the development of infrastructure in the rural areas.

Both the programmes, the EAS and JGSY played a significant part in the development of the rural sector. To ensure the better functioning of the schemes both of them were clubbed together in the year 2001, and the result was the emergence of the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) as the new improved Wage-Employment Programme under the Ministry of Rural Development.

The SGRY scheme has an estimated annual expenditure of Rs.10, 000 crores. Under it nearly 50 lakh tonnes of food grains amounting to Rs.5, 000 crores is to be supplied to the authorities of the State Governments and Union Territories every year. The funds left out would be used for the purpose of wage payment and other cash requirements. It is to be noted that following this scheme more than 100 crore working days would be generated per year. The scheme is self-evaluating which has placed more stress on the provisions of wage employment to the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and women.

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana - Objectives

To provide supplementary wage employment in the rural sector

To provide food security to the populace of the rural areas

To facilitate the creation of self help groups

To provide to the development of economic and social infrastructure in the rural sector

SGRY - Highlights

The main purpose of Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana is to assure the income through employment, security food security, and development of the infrastructure

The SGRY scheme falls under the category of Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)

The total expenditure which is expected to be incurred in implementing the project is Rs. 10,000 crores

Every year nearly 50 lakh tonnes of food grains are to be provided to the State Governments and Union Territories which costs around Rs. 5,000 crore

The funds allocated for the wage employment and other requirements of cash amount to Rs. 5,000 crore

The cash requirements of the scheme is shared in a ratio of 75:25 by the Centre and State respectively

The costs pertaining to the food grains provided to the State and Union Territories are paid to the Food Corporation of India (FCI)

The Ministry of Rural Development incurs the cost of the food grains under the SGRY scheme

The laborers under the scheme of Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana are provided with 5kg food grains per day of work along with the cash wages

The cash wages paid to the laborers would be in accordance to the approved minimum wages under the scheme

The implementation of the scheme may be endowed to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) in sections if the need arises

The Union Territories and the State Governments may calculate the expenses incurred on food grains at either above poverty line rates or below poverty line rates or the average of the two rates

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims at enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

Initially this program was enacted as an National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in the year 2005. The main purpose of this act is to improve the living conditions of the rural population and the sustenance of the same in the rural sector of India. The improvement is made by the means of providing a minimum hundred working days pertaining to guarantee wage employment per year to any adult member volunteering for an unskilled manual work. The Central Council is endowed with the power to assess the different schemes formulated under this act. The Central Council may collect statistical information about the rural economy and the execution of the projects for development of the rural sector.

Employment guarantee in the rural areas are as follows-

The State Government would provide hundred days of employment to all the households in the rural areas for every financial year under this Act

Employment would be provided by the State Government to all adult individuals those who are willing to do unskilled manual labor for every financial year under this Act

All laborers working under the scheme would receive wages both in cash and kind as daily wages

The disbursal of daily wages would be made on the weekly basis and it can be extended to a maximum of two weeks

Both the State Government and Central Government on the basis of their economic capabilities may facilitate the provisions for assuring work to all the adult members of every households under the Act

Functions of Central Council

To set up a central monitoring and evaluation system

To advise the Central Government of India pertaining to the issues on the execution of the NREGA-2005

To inspect the monitoring mechanism and suggest necessary improvements

To promote the most extensive distribution of information about the schemes pertaining to this Act

To monitor the execution of theMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act - 2005

To prepare the annual reports to be presented in the Parliament by the Ministry under the Central Government pertaining to the execution of this Act

To perform any other kind of functions and duties which is assigned by the Central Government on India .