ASSIGNMENT AN-522

M. SHEHZAD SARWAR

2006-ag-1003 HAFIZ M. ABDULLAH

2006-ag-1221

PRESENTED TO: Dr. FAROOQ KHALID

POULTRY FEED PROCESSING

Referes to performing all the operations necessary to achieve the maximum potential, nutritional value and net return of a feed stuff.

Processing involves physical and chemical changes

PHYSICAL CHANGES

Temperature Pressure Moisture

CHEMICAL CHANGES

Structural changes Changes in starch structure Increases digestibility

PURPOSE OF PROCESSING

More profit Alter particle size Change moisture content Change density of feed Change acceptability (pelatability) Change in nutrient content (iron increases)

More availability of nutrients Detoxification of nutrients Improve keeping quality

GRAIN PROCESSING METHODS

Mechanical alterations Heat treatment Moisture alterations

MECHANICAL ALTERATIONS

Dehulling Extruding Grinding Mixing Rolling (Dry rolling or cracking, stream rolling

or crimping)

DEHULLING

Removing the outer coat of grain, nutt High fiber content which donot require to

poultry Dehulling is done in soybean in cotton seed

pea nutts and sunflower (all oil seeds)

EXTRUDING

A process by which feed is pressed, pushed or protruded through pressure

Forcing the ingredients by steal tube Then pushed in a cone shaped holes

GRINDING

Process by which feed stuff is reduced in particle size by grinder

Change digestibility of cellulose and protein Done by hammer mill Screening End product is mash or meal

ROLLING

To give feed a flat particle By passing feed b/w rollers Dry rolling (crushing) without steam Steam rolling (crimping) steam rolling 1-8

mins

HEAT TREATMENT

Dry heat processing

1. Micronizing

2. Popping

3. Roasting

MICRONIZING

Microwaves emitted from infra-red burner @ 300 Fo

By gas fired infra-red generators Micronized grain are not popped It reduces to about 7% moisture Then rolled to produce a uniform stable dry

free flowing product Specially done for sorghum

POPPING

Exploding are puffing out of grains resulting from rapid application of dry heat

Principle is super hot dry heat @ 300-310 F with 15-20% moisture for 15-120 sec

PURPOSE OF POPPING

Increase digestibility Disruption of starch granules More palatability Low cost then steam flaking

ROASTING

Simple heating

MOIST HEAT PROCESSING

Cooking Exploding Flaking Steam flaking Pelleting Crumbling

COOKING Applying heat about 300 F

EXPLODING Steaming of grain under pressure

FLAKING Application of steam on feed for longer time

under pressure

Pleasant aroma resembling to cooked cereals

Starch readily available

STEAM FLAKING Steam 15-30 mins, under pressure @ 50 Psi

for 1-2 mins With temperature 200-300 F

PELLETING Is the agglomeration of feed by compacting

and forcing it through die openings under high pressure by mechanical process

CRUMBLING Crushing of pellets

PACKING

Feed Hammer mill

The feed hammer crusher (feed hammermill) crushes by the collisions between high-speed hammer and materiasl, and the hammer crusher (feed hammermills) features in its simple structure, high reduction ration, high efficiency, etc.

Feed Mixer

The vertical mixer consists of one or more vertical screws which elevate the ingredients to the top of the mixer where they fall by gravity to the bottom, to be mixed and re-elevated.

Horizontal mixers consist of a series of paddles or metal ribbon blades mounted on a horizontal rotor within a semi-circular trough.

Pellet Cooler

Coolers/dryers are of two basic types, horizontal and vertical.

In the horizontal type of cooler/dryer, the pellets are conveyed on a perforated steel mesh or moving belt through which a cooling air stream is passed.

In the vertical type of dryer, pellets usually fall by gravity into a chamber through which air is sucked by a fan.

Pellet Crusher

A crumbler is a roller mill with rolls specially designed for breaking up pellets into smaller particles. Usually the crumbler consists of two corrugated rolls situated below the cooler/drier exit. The pellets can then be diverted into the crumbler, if crumbles or granules are desired, or they can by-pass it.

Pellet Extruder

Feeds which have ingredients such as soybean meal and cereal grains can be made more digestable, and the nutrients are therefore more available. Floating feeds are made using extruders along with highly water-stable sinking feeds which can be made with extruders as well. In some cases, extruders are used just to prepare feed materials, such as dry extrusion of soybeans.

Pellet Sifter

The sifter (See picture below) is a means of ensuring a good quality product with the right particle size and a low level of fines, which are wasteful to feed.

Pellet Packing Machine

For larger scale operations feed will either be bulk transport, loading directly onto trucks or ships or it will be packed into bags. Packaging systems are available in both manual and automatic form. For the manual system, the feed is deposited into bags positioned on a weighing scale, release is done upon a manual gate.

Pellet Crusher

A crumbler is a roller mill with rolls specially designed for breaking up pellets into smaller particles. Usually the crumbler consists of two corrugated rolls situated below the cooler/drier exit. The pellets can then be diverted into the crumbler, if crumbles or granules are desired, or they can by-pass it.

Feed Conveyor