ASSIGNMENT 1 UNDERSTANDING FORCES IN SKELETAL STRUCTUREBUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2

THE MEMBERS

ADILA ZAAS 0310417

YASEEN SYED 030921

KEE TING TING 0310019

GERTRUDE LEE 0306265

SWAFAA SIHAG 0306347

SONIA MANYIE 0801A65704

INSIDE THE WRITE-UPCONTENTS

DESIGN CONCEPT

TOWER STRUCTURE

TOWER MODEL TESTING

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

MATERIALS STUDY

FORCE STUDY

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

FAILURE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTIONTHE BEGINNING

TASKS Our Task is to construct a model of a

tower to understand the Forces in Skeletal

Structure. The only materials that are allowed

to use for the model are popsicle stick, tooth-

pick, thread, pins and a base ( A5 SIZE ) . We

had been reminded that no glue or any

adhesive material are allowed to construct the

model. Next, the minimum requirement of the

model height should be more than 30 CM,

measured from the base to the top. As for

the popsicle sticks, it must not exceed more

than 100 pieces. The analysis of success and

failure of the tower together with the analysing

measure is to be provided in the form of an A3

bound report.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of this assignment is to create and understanding of skeletal structure and its relevant structural components. In the progress of constructing the model, we could increase the knowledge to understand how a skeletal structure reacts under loading. Next, the objective is for us to be able to manipulate Skeletal Construction to solve an oblique Design Problem. As we counter the task, we are able to demonstrate a convincing understanding of how Skeletal Construction works. In the future, we are able to apply the construction system in our own design. We also be able to recognize the implication of construction system in design. To conclude, we shall be able to identify the issues of strength, stiffness and stabilty of our design structure.

THINKING PROCESS BEGIN

DESIGN CONCEPT

THE CONCEPT The Concept of our Model Tower been

inspired by the shape of an Hour Glass.

It shows an expressive of “Time is Crucial”

and “You gotta Chase For It No Matter What”

THE SHAPE The Triangular shape, supports and

strenghtens towers and bridges by preventing

collapse, or racking of the structures. With-

out the central triangular beam the structure

would be more likely to collapse from dynamic

loads. This is because the triangle is a strong

shape.The triangle are the strongest shape

because of their ability to bear large loads

without deformation. In addition the center

of gravity for Triangular Shape is more stable

than Regular Shape.

THE SKETCHUPREALITY

TOWER STRUCTURE THE STRENGTH OF CONSTRUCTION

BEAMS Beams are the horizontal membranes of a structure that responsible for carrying all vertical loads and transmitting the force towards the columns.

COLUMNSColumns are vertical posts that hold the entire structure and protect it from lateral integration Their main function is to transmit compressional forces from all other structural members to the base.

CROSS BRACING In construction cross bracing is used to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supportsintersect. The two diagonal supports placed in an X-shaped manner, support tensional forces.

REINFORCEMENTSThe type of reinforcements we used in our structure are threads and pins. These hold the structure together.

BASE The base is the most important member, because it holds the forces of the whole structure, therefore it should have the most load bearing capacity.

A PROPER METHOD PLAN FOR PERFECT OUTCOME

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

THE REINFORCEMENT

THREADS

PINS

MATERIALS STUDY TOTAL NUMBER OF MATERIALS

THE TOTALS Triangles:6 sticks per traingle.

4 triangles therefor = 6*4 = 24 sticks

Verticle columns:6 sticks each level

3 levels therefore = 6*3 = 18 sticks

Criss-cross:1 side = 2 sticks

1 level has 3 sides therefore = 2*3 = 6

3 levels therefore = 6*3 = 18 sticks

Total number of sticks:24+18+18

=70 sticks

Weight

= 0.97g

Height

= 30 cm

A PROPER METHOD PLAN FOR PERFECT OUTCOMETOWER MODEL TESTING

FIRST TEST

We test our Model with the load that is minimum been stated inside the brief. We were too confidence as we thought that our model can stand for more weight in the Final Testing Model.

Final Tower Test In the studio we are labelled as group B number 5B. As our turned arrive, we were hoping that our Tower Model can reach more than 40 kg as that is the only weight we had that time.Unfortunately it toppled around 17.5 kg of load. None of our popsicle stick break but it just topple as it lose it balance when carrying the load. Our tutor came to us and felt pity of the incident. She was surprised too. As she took our model and analyse it, she gave us the reason why and asked to record it inside Failure Analysis. We were quite sad to see the event but we learnt a lot from it too. The efficiency calculated given by our lecturer.

EFFICIENCY = Height x Load / Mass = 30 x 17.5 / 970 = 0.5412

LOAD

PLATFORM

CROSS BRACING

FORCEEXERTED

GIRDER

BASE GROUND

FAILURE ANALYSIS RE-INVESTIGATE FAILURE FOR BETTER TOMORROW

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The reinforcements were strong enough and therefore the tower did not collapse. It toppled over due to the imbalanced levels

The bracings used were strong and could bear the weights. They helped to keep the tower in place.

The reinforcements were strong enough and therefore the tower did not collapse. It toppled over due to the imbalanced levels.The bracings used were strong and could bear the weights. They helped to keep the tower in place.

While building the tower,we did not fasten it to a flat base on the ground. This affected the structure in that it was not standing straight up while under construction.The tower eventually be-came slightly slanted.

Both the top and bottom level,had the same base width but the middle level base was smaller than both of the level.

We can conclude that the reasons for the failure were:

ITS NEVER THE END CONCLUSION

In Conclusion, It reflect to us back when we got the result for out final Test Model Tower. Our Tower Could Only Bare for 17.5 kg eventhough we hope for more. As we think back of our behaviour before the tower model testing. We were too confi-dence with our tower. Nevertheless, ourworkmanship is in a medium level only which we could had upgrade for more. In addition, our time management was really bad as we realise that our first design been finished nearly the Model Tower Testing.

Think back, it’s never too late for us to learn from our mistake and repair it in the future. It also triggered us to learn Building Construction more as it will gais us more knowledge from it.

SUMMARY

MODEL : 1 WEIGHT : 0.97 kg

HEIGHT : 30 cm

TotalNumber of : 70 SticksStick

Height : 30 cm

Load Sustained : 17.5 kg

Joint Method : Pins and Thread

Failure Point : Middle Structure

Effieciency : 0.5412