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Assessment of RSD measurement performance against reference vehicles and PEMS emissions
Potential for Euro 6 in-service vehicle emissions screening
Based on EC JRC 2017 Testing Program
Brussels, 28th of September 2017 P. Bonnel, M. Carriero, M. Clairotte, B. Giesaskiel European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)
Disclaimer
• The information and views set out in this document are a property of the Joint Research Centre (JRC). They are of preliminary nature and were not fully screened and processed according to the JRC quality and publication rules. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
• The emissions results of the vehicles are relative to each other and do not represent a judgment on their compliance with the emissions standards.
• The tested vehicles are single and private vehicles. Their emissions behavior does not necessarily reflect the emissions behavior of the brand and model considered.
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Contents
• Background
• General Approach
• Overview of JRC RSD Test Campaign
• Results
• Preliminary Conclusions
• Next Steps
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Background
• In-Service Conformity (ISC) of road vehicles
• EU authorities responsibilities being defined in the 4th regulatory package on Real Driving Emissions (RDE)
• EC investigating the possibility to propose screening methods for vehicle/family selection (e.g. to find worst in class)
• Candidate screening methods: Remote Sensing Devices (RSD) / Simplified Emissions Measurement Systems (SEMS)
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General Approach
• Feasibility study of RSD for the European primary legislative purpose (Screening Euro 6 LDV emissions to identify worst cases or problematic vehicle families)
• Other possibilities: private vehicles issues such as tampering, evaluation of inspection and maintenance,...
• Roadmap
• Step1: Assessment of RSD instrumentation (JRC July 2017)
• Step2: Upon measurement performance assessment, proposal for minimum requirements and associated usage
• Step3: Deployment campaigns, database and evaluation strategies
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Remote Sensing Devices (RSD) in the program
HEAT OPUS
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Overview of JRC RSD Test Campaign
• One week in July 2017, 2 commercially available RSD systems (OPUS, HEAT) tested simultaneously
• Reference vehicles:
• Electric vehicle with gas bottles (CO/NO/CO2) to simulate vehicle exhaust
• Internal combustion engines vehicles equipped with PEMS
• Other vehicles covering various technologies and emissions standards passing several times through
• Total Number of vehicles: Reference (6) / Other (40)
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Approach to assess the measurement performance
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Simulation of Emissions Values
• Electric vehicle equipped with Gas cylinders and small air compressor
• Different concentrations of NO and CO pollutants
• Gas flowing controlled by valves
• PEMS system to measure flows and concentrations
• Comparison with RSD
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Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines
• Vehicles equipped with PEMS
• Vehicles without PEMS
• Various emissions standards (Euro 0 to Euro 6b)
• Measurement of tailpipe gaseous emissions (THC, NO+NO2=NOx, CO, CO2)
• Comparison with RSD
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Reference Vehicles Characteristics
Engine Euro
standard
Engine
capacity
[cm3]
Power
[kW]
Vehicle 1 Electric - - -
Vehicle 2 Gasoline Euro4 1368 57
Vehicle 3 Diesel Euro6b 1968 110
Vehicle 4 Diesel Euro6b 2967 184
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Results - NO/CO2 ratio
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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO BE CONFIRMED IN FINAL REPORT
STRAIGHT GREY LINE: 1:1
Results - CO/CO2 ratio
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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO BE CONFIRMED IN FINAL REPORT
STRAIGHT GREY LINE: 1:1
RED HORIZONTAL LINE = BACKGROUND
VW Polo LPGToyota Auris Hybrid hybrid
Renault Twingo gasoline
BMW Serie 1 gasoline
Fiat Doblo gasolineVW Polo gasoline
Renault Clio gasoline
Peugeot 3008 dieselVolvo V40 diesel
BMW Z4 gasoline
Peugeot 2008-A gasoline
VW Golf dieselPeugeot 2008-B gasoline
Lancia Ypsilon gasoline
Porsche Cayenne dieselFord Transit diesel
Mazda 3 diesel
Scooter Yamaha gasoline
Renault Scenic dieselScooter Piaggio 125cc gasoline
Toyota RAV4 diesel
Peugeot Boxer dieselFord Focus diesel
Citroen C4 Picasso diesel
MV Augusta Brutale 990 gasoline
Quad BP Outlander gasolineAudi A3 - EA189 diesel
Hyundai Galloper diesel
Citroen Jumper dieselRenault Truck 460 - 23km/h diesel
VW California diesel
Peugeot 206SW diesel
Renault Truck 460 - 33km/h dieselRenault Truck 460 - no SCR diesel
Fiat Uno gasoline
Fiat Uno LPG
0.1
10
.0
NO ratio [Log10 ppm/%]
Euro0
Euro2
Euro3
Euro4
Euro5
Euro6
EuroV
RSD 1
Lancia Ypsilon gasoline
Toyota Auris Hybrid hybridBMW Serie 1 gasoline
VW Polo gasoline
VW Polo LPG
Renault Twingo gasoline
BMW Z4 gasolineFiat Doblo gasoline
Peugeot 2008-B gasoline
Renault Clio gasoline
Scooter Yamaha gasoline
Peugeot 2008-A gasolineVolvo V40 diesel
Porsche Cayenne diesel
VW Golf diesel
Mazda 3 diesel
Ford Transit dieselMV Augusta Brutale 990 gasoline
Renault Scenic diesel
Peugeot Boxer diesel
Ford Focus diesel
Peugeot 3008 dieselToyota RAV4 diesel
Citroen C4 Picasso diesel
Hyundai Galloper diesel
Quad BP Outlander gasoline
Audi A3 - EA189 dieselCitroen Jumper diesel
Peugeot 206SW diesel
Scooter Piaggio 125cc gasoline
Renault Truck 460 - 23km/h diesel
VW California dieselFiat Uno gasoline
Renault Truck 460 - 33km/h diesel
Renault Truck 460 - no SCR diesel
Fiat Uno LPG
1
10
0
NO ratio [Log10 ppm/%]
RSD 2
Results – All vehicles - NO/CO2 ratio
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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO BE CONFIRMED IN FINAL REPORT
The emissions results of the vehicles are relative to each other and do not represent a judgment on their compliance with the emissions standards. The tested vehicles are single and private vehicles. Their emissions behavior does not necessarily reflect the emissions behavior of the brand and model considered.
Results – Euro 6 Diesel with tampered DPF
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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO BE CONFIRMED IN FINAL REPORT
The emissions results of the vehicles are relative to each other and do not represent a judgment on their compliance with the emissions standards. The tested vehicles are single and private vehicles. Their emissions behavior does not necessarily reflect the emissions behavior of the brand and model considered. Some vehicles were tampered for the need of the project only.
Results – Euro VI Diesel Truck with tampered SCR
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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO BE CONFIRMED IN FINAL REPORT
The emissions results of the vehicles are relative to each other and do not represent a judgment on their compliance with the emissions standards. The tested vehicles are single and private vehicles. Their emissions behavior does not necessarily reflect the emissions behavior of the brand and model considered. Some vehicles were tampered for the need of the project only.
Preliminary Conclusions (1)
• RSD Instrumentation measurement performance verified under real-world conditions: both OPUS/HEAT systems exhibited excellent correlation with the references for CO and NO, within wide ranges
• Ability of the RSD to discriminate Euro 0 to Euro 6 emissions standards within a given vehicle technology (diesel, gasoline, LPG, with and without DPF)
• Ability of the RSD instrumentation to check the tailpipe emissions of tampered or poorly performing vehicles (e.g. due to ageing effects), relative to the functioning ones
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Preliminary Conclusions (2)
• RSD does not provide absolute values and is only complementary to detailed RDE/PEMS testing
• RSD appropriate to assess emissions performance of vehicles/vehicle families relative to other vehicles/families or functioning vehicles
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Next Steps
• Final review of the collected data with Opus and Heat
• Potential for other pollutants: THC, PM will be further assessed from the data
• Publication of JRC report including complete results and preliminary recommendations
• Open question regarding RSD instrumentation sensitivity:
• Within the vehicles compliant with the RDE regulation, will RSD be able to discriminate good and bad Euro 6 c/d vehicles?
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