assessing the technical feasibility of value chains for ... · pelletizing of reed experimental...
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Assessing the technical feasibility of value chains
for Reed based biofuels
ENEREED Sustainable Energy Conversion from Reed Biomass
Autors: Jürgen Krail1, Hannes Kitzler2, Georg Beckmann3, Helmut Plank1, Christoph Pfeifer4 and Doris Rixrath1 1 University of Applied Sciences Burgenland. Pinkafeld, Austria 2 Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering. Vienna, Austria 3 Bureau for Mechanical and Energy Engineering. Vienna, Austria 4 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Chemical and Energy Engineering. Vienna, Austria
Több, mint nád… I More, than reed … International conference Sarród, Fertő-Hanság National Park Direction
26.05.2015
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University of Applied Sciences Burgenland
Two modern campuses in Eisenstadt and Pinkafeld
1,800 students (65% part time)
4,900 alumni 99 % employment rate
160 employees
500 part time lecturers
400 business partners
Research company: Forschung Burgenland GmbH
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International Business Relations
International Business Relations
International Wine Marketing
European Studies – Management of EU Projects
Human Resource Management and Labour Law
Information, Media & Communication
Applied Knowledge Management
Business Process Engineering & Management
IT Infrastructur Management
Energy and Environmental Management
Energy and Environmental Management
Building Technology and Management
Sustainable Energy Systems
Health Management and Health Promotion
Management in Health Care and Public Health
Information Media Communication
International Business (Focus Central
Eastern Europe)
Information Technology and Management
Energy and Environmental Management
Health
Health Care and Nursing
Physiotherapy
BACHELORS
MASTERS
Integrated Case and Care Management
Social Work
Social Work
Cloud Computing Engineering*
Personnel Development and Education*
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University of Applied Sciences Burgenland Research and Development Projects
Mission statement: „One can discover things by accident or explore them“
Here at the University of Applied Sciences Burgenland, we don‘t believe in coincidence, which is why we offer our students not only practical training but also top-class research and development projects.
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Central Europe – Fertő/Lake Neusiedl:
Largest reed area in Central Europe
Total area: 18,000ha
Eastern Europe – Danube Delta:
Worlds largest connected reed area
Total area: 200,000ha
Energy from reed biomass Reed potentials in Europe
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Energy from reed biomass ENEREED - Project overview
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Energy from reed biomass ENEREED - Investigated conversion paths
Harvesting &
Logistics
Chopping
Thermal
Large-Scale Plant
Thermal
Small-Scale Plant
Grate Firing
3 MW
Fluidised Bed
Gasification
Pellet-/Woodchip-
Boiler 80 kW
Industrial
Conversion
Cement
Production
Pelletizing
Supply
Processing
Conversion
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Fuel properties of reed Fuel analysis
Analysis of fuel properties with methods according to European standards
Ultimate analysis of different elements: C, H, N, S, Cl
Proximate analysis of: heating value, water and ash content, volatile matter, pellet quality, sieve analysis
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Fuel properties of reed Comparison to different biofuels
Unit Reed Woody
biomass 2,
Straw 2, Grain whole
crops 2,
Grain 2, Grasses 2,
Ultimate analysis (dry mass)
C- Content %db 45.48 [7] ↑↑ [113] ↔ [128] ↓ [60] ↓↓ [65] ↔ [128]
H- Content %db 5.84 [7] ↑↑ [76] ↑ [112] ↑↑ [57] ↑↑ [55] ↑↑ [158]
O- Content1, %db 40.52 [7] ↑ [-] ↓ [-] ↑↑ [-] ↑↑ [-] ↓↓ [-]
N- Content %db 0.47 [7] ↓↓ [133] ↓ [146] ↑↑ [66] ↑↑ [94] ↑ [204]
S- Content %db 0.07 [7] ↓ [119] ↑ [141] ↑↑ [62] ↑↑ [66] ↑↑ [173]
Cl- Content %db 0.15 [7] ↓↓ [122] ↑↑ [116] ↓ [56] ↓↓ [55] ↑↑ [116]
Proximate analysis (dry mass)
Ash- Content %db 7.47 [7] ↓↓ [120] ↓ [145] ↓↓ [67] ↓↓ [64] ↓ [201]
Volatiles %db 76.98 [7] ↑ [86] ↓ [76] ↔ [52] ↑↑ [49] ↓↓ [159]
Lower heating value Hu,p,db MJ/kg 16.38 [7] ↑↑ [115] ↓↓ [126] ↓↓ [58] ↓↓ [68] ↓↓ [218]
Ash melting behaviour
Sintering temperature SIT °C 1409 [7] ↓↓ [29] ↓↓ [48] ↓↓ [19] ↓↓ [13] ↓↓ [50]
Softening temperature SOT °C >1500 [7] ↓ [34] ↓↓ [59] ↓↓ [19] ↓↓ [14] ↓↓ [62]
↔ Basic value / equal to
↓ │↑ Value lower (↓) / higher (↑) than basic value (basic value inside the typical range)
↓↓ │↑↑ Value much lower (↓↓) / much higher (↑↑) than basic value
(basic value outside of the typical range)
1, Calculated value as residual value (100% minus average content ash, C, H, N, K)
2, Analyses from (Hartmann, H. et al. 2000)
[###] Number of analysed samples
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Harvesting technologies for reed Harvesting machines
Conventional harvesting vs. Harvesting with increased degree of mechanisation
• Reaper-binder (bundles) • Harvesting for construction purposes
- Higher demand of staff- resources
(5 workers needed)
+ Lower ground pressure: 980 kg/m²
+ State-of-the Art technology
• Reaper-baler (round bales) • Harvesting of reed for energy purposes
+ Lower demand of staff- resources
(1-2 workers needed)
- Higher ground pressure: 1,220 kg/m²
- Prototype with development demand
Harvesting at water depth < 40cm or frozen ground
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Harvesting technologies for reed Operational Characteristics
Conventional harvesting vs. Harvesting with increased degree of mechanisation
• Power of diesel engine: 118 kW • Fuel consumption: 6.3 l/h
• Storage capacity (bundles): 1,850 kg
• Surface related yield (base): 5.5 tWB/ha • Duration of mowing route: 1.0 h/route • Distance of mowing: 1,180 m
• Hourly harvesting output: 1.4 tWB/h
• Power of diesel engine: 142 kW • Fuel consumption: 10.0 l/h
• Storage capacity (bales): 760 kg
• Surface related yield (base): 6.2 tWB/ha • Duration of mowing route: 0.55 h/route • Distance of mowing: 430 m
• Hourly harvesting output: 1.1 tWB/h
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Pelletizing of Reed Experimental setup
Mixing machine
Pellet mill
Hardness testing
Abrasion testing
Output Pellets
Cutting mill Input Raw material
Input Additives & water
Processing and conditioning Pelletizing Quality check
Bulk density
Aim: Influence of conditioning, additives and pelletizing variables (die geometry – press ratio) to pellets quality
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Pelletizing of Reed Results of experiments
Reed is suitable for pelletizing under certain conditions
Rather high water content required
High press ratio improves pellets quality
Additive rye flour and soy pulp improves pellets quality
Limits of EN 14961-6 [1] for mechanical durability & bulk density can be reached
[1] EN 14961-6 (2012): Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use.
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Energy conversion small scale plant Domestic heating - Pellet/wood chip boiler
Pellet/woodchip boiler: HERZ firematic 80
Test procedure: ÖNORM EN 303-5
Objective: Maximum heat power output under complete combustion conditions
Tested biofuels:
Reed pellets
Wood pellets
Wood chips with bark
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Energy conversion small scale plant Domestic heating - Results of test runs
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Energy conversion small scale plant Domestic heating - Conclusion
Fuels with high ash content can cause
shorter ash-discharging interval
unsteady combustion process ( CO-peaks)
Ash content is limiting factor in combustion adaptions on the ash-discharging system
When mass fraction of reed increases
lower heat power output
higher emissions
Boiler efficiency: maximum 75 % mass portion of reed pellets is recommended
Emissions meet the requirements of the Austrian federal law “Combustion Plant Regulation (BGBl. II Nr. 312/2011)”
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Woodchip boiler, nominal power 3MW
Fuel transport system: pusher-floor transport
Tested biofuel: wood chips, chopped reed
Water content: wood chips 44%, reed 12.5%
Fuel mixtures: 100% wood chips (reference fuel) 30% reed/70% wood chips (energy based)
50% reed/50% wood chips (energy based)
100% reed
Energy conversion large scale plant District heating – boiler with grate firing
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Energy conversion large scale plant District heating – Results of test runs
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Fuels with low volumetric energy density (chopped reed) can cause feeding problems in fuel supply
Low energy density of chopped reed is limiting factor in fuel transport system adaptions on the fuel feeding system
When mass fraction of reed increases
thermal output constant, slightly decreasing
CO and NOx – emissions decreases, SO2 emissions increases
dust emissions decreases
Emissions meet the requirements of the Austrian federal law “Waste Incineration Ordinance (BGBl. II Nr. 476/2010)”
Energy conversion large scale plant District heating - Conclusion
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Energy conversion industry Cement production
Pre-test
duration test run: 2 h reed-quantity: 18.56 t
Aim
testing of fuel feeding installations
Main-test
duration test run: 30 h reed-quantity: 252 t
Aim
testing of max. substitution-rate with focus on
• clinker quality • process stability and • emission limit values
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Energy conversion industry Cement production - Results of test runs
Scenario „reference“
Scenario „standard“ Scenario „reed“
PetCoke ASB*) PetCoke Reed PetCoke
Energy input in calcinator [%] 100% 78.2% 21.8% 57.8% 42.2%
Water content (as received) [%] 7% 12% 7% 16.7% 7%
Caloric value [GJ/tas received] 33.0 20.5 33.0 13.7 33.0
Emission factor [tCO2fossil / tfuel as received]
3.0 1.4 3.0 0 3.0
CO2fossil emitted [%] (in relation to scenario „reference“)
100% 84.3% 42.2%
*) high caloric plastic fluff
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Energy conversion industry Cement production - Conclusion
Based on a state-of-the-art plant lay-out including most recent technology:
Reed may basically be used as alternative fuel in cement production.
The utilization of reed as alternative fuel can reduce fossile CO2-emissions significantly.
Reed ash remains in the product stream => material utilisation.
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Conclusion
Potentials: Large reed potentials are available for energetic utilisation
Harvesting: Further developments in technology are necessary for reliable harvesting machines
Energetic utilisation: Reed as alternative fuel can be used in a wide range of conversion possibilities
Domestic and district heating: Co- combustion with wood is recommended; large scale plants lead to less problem in combustion; adaption of feeding/discharging system may be necessary
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Final report ENEREED
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International congress E-nova 2015
Annual international congress – topics concerning energy efficient buildings and building technologies
Campus Pinkafeld – department Energy and Environmental Management
Scientific contributions and results of scientific projects are presented
Pinkafeld, 26 - 27 November 2015
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Acknowledgment Thanks to all our research partners!
Jürgen Krail University of Applied Sciences Burgenland
Steinamangerstrasse 21 A-7423 Pinkafeld
Austria Tel.: +43-3357-45370-1328
Email: [email protected]
The project ENEREED is funded by the Austrian “Klima- und Energiefonds“ (carried out within the research promotion scheme “NEUE ENERGIEN 2020”) and co funded by the Government of the Province of Burgenland, Lafarge Zementwerke GmbH and Herz Energietechnik GmbH.