assessing the impacts of climate and economic changes on indian agriculture a case study of...
TRANSCRIPT
Assessing the Impacts of Climate and Economic Changes on Indian Agriculture A Case Study of Groundnut Farmers in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh
Background
Double Exposure in Anantapur Trade liberalisation of oilseeds and edible oils
in 1994-95
Drought since 1999-2000
Vulnerability to Globalisation
ANANTAPUR
Vulnerability to Climate Change
ANANTAPUR
Map of India
Delhi
Hyderabad
Anantapur
Bangalore
Map of Anantapur district
Ipperu village
Kadiri
Research Strategy
Asian Social Forum, Hyderabad Key informant interviews in Hyderabad
and Anantapur Collected statistics from government
offices Group interviews with farmers, 2
villages Kadiri Household interviews in Ipperu village,
outside Anantapur
Research Strategy
Asian Social Forum
Farmer Suicides
Agriculture in Anantapur
Groundnut is the major crop Rainfed agriculture Small and medium farmers;
landless labourers
Agriculture in Anantapur
1970s: shift from subsistence crops to groundnut
1980s: Operation yellow – drive for self sufficiency in edible oil
1994: Trade liberalization of oilseeds/edible oils
Pre- 1970s: Subsistence Farming
Diversity of crops (bajra, jowar, ragi, etc)
Grain stocks Livestock Common lands Family Labour
Irrigated Jowar and Groundnut
Changing Conditions from 1970s
Investments in infrastructure Demand for oilseeds from new local
oilmills Subsidised food through PDS Reduced family labour supply
Shift to lucrative monocrop groundnut
Effects
Expanding area under groundnutDeterioration and privatization of
common landsLess fodderFewer livestock
Pest problems
Vulnerability
To climate variability
To trade liberalization
Drought – dried up tank
Falling water tables
Normal water level
Normal water level
Irrigation
Rain-fed agriculture
Household Surveys
Findings
Price statistics -groundnutFarm harvest prices, rs/100 kg (2000-01-value)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1989
-90
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-200
0
2000
-01
Source: Season and crop reports 1989-2001, Andhra Pradesh
Price statistics - groundnut
Source: Annual Administration Reports of Agricultural Marketing Committees in Anantapur District, 1995-2002
Source: Annual Administration Reports of Agricultural Marketing Committees in Anantapur District, 1995-2002
Kaderi, arrivals and prices (2000-1 values)
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02
INR 0
INR 200
INR 400
INR 600
INR 800
INR 1,000
INR 1,200
INR 1,400
INR 1,600
Arrivals in 100 kg
Average price, rs/100 kg
Price statistics - groundnut
Source: Fieldwork, household interviews
Economic impact on farmers, IpperuType of farmer Family size Debt level,
rupis Normal annual net
income, rupis Drought annual
net income, rupis Low caste,
3 acres
5
20,000
10,620
-4,380 Low caste,
5 acres
12
2,500
23,470
10,145 Low caste,
7 acres
3
34,000
11,875
-5,135 Low caste,
10 acres
12
10,000
25,155
-45 Medium caste,
22.5 acres
6
387,000
110,975
-14,025 Upper caste,
20 acres
7
90,000
56,780
-28,720 Upper caste,
60 acres
8
90,000
92,040
-27,960
Possible Options
Water Harvesting
Prioritise water harvesting with appropriate technology
Divert water from other river basins to compensate for rainfall shortage
More R&D for rainfed crops Support for marketing value-added commodities
based on dryland crops (eg: mango, papaya, sweet lime)
Make credit available to small and medium farmers at reasonable interest rates
Stop and reverse the privatisation of common lands
Suggestions from Researchers and NGOs working in Anantapur
Outcomes: Usefulness of Case Studies Means of validating vulnerability indicators Ground-check on ‘reality’ as it is depicted
in macro profiles Identify areas for further study and
improvements that can be made in subsequent case studies
Network and interact with Indian researchers and organisations
Possibility for further collaborations in India
Disseminate information about our project and CICERO’s work
