assessing risks and benefits. risk vs. benefit: tipping the scales
TRANSCRIPT
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Assessing Risks and Benefits
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Risk vs. Benefit:
Tipping the Scales
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We make choices everyday…
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How can risk-benefit assessment help us make better choices?
• What are the risks to health?
• What are the benefits to our every day living?
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WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT?
A process that evaluates the
likelihood that adverse health effects
may occur as a result of
exposure to a chemical,
physical, or biological agent.
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Risk Assessment
Risk Characterization
Data collection and evaluation
Toxicity Assessment
Exposure Assessment
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Toxicology is the study
of toxicants and their
adverse effects.
Adverse effects = Any change from an organism’s normal functioning.
Toxicity Assessment
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The Dose Makes a Difference
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• Different chemicals have different concentrations at which they are harmful.
• Different people (depending on age, size, genetics, and other health factors) may be more sensitive to chemicals than others.
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• Toxicologists study the adverse effects of toxicants at many levels: organism, organ, cell, organelle, molecule
• Toxicants may interfere with the normal functioning of proteins, lipids, and DNA.
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Areas of concern when
studying exposure: • Frequency• Duration• Routes of entry• Distribution/storage in the body• Probability that exposure will cause
adverse effects
Exposure Assessment
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Risk Characterization
Risk Characterization
Toxicity Assessment Exposure
Assessment
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Risk Characterization
• Is an estimate of the likelihood that exposure to a toxicant may cause harm.
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Risk is only part of the picture
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Benefits• As part of our society, you must make
decisions which assess risks, costs, benefits, and trade-offs.
– Thalidomide: Leprosy treatment vs. birth defects
– Pesticides: Mosquito abatement vs. toxicity
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Tradeoffs
• Planning to reduce risks to take advantage of the benefits offered by use of a particular ‘product.’
– BOTOX: Neurotoxin vs. wrinkles
– Sunlight: Vitamin D and skin cancer
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• The decisions of this generation may choose tradeoffs that benefit them but pose risks for future generations.
– Fossil fuels use vs. global warming
– DES vs. reproductive system cancer
– Hazardous waste disposal vs. increase of groundwater pollutants
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PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE
If the consequences of an action are unknown, butjudged to have some potential for negative consequences, then it is better to avoid that action.
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“Better safe than sorry.”
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“The first principle of science is that you must not fool yourself - and you are the easiest to fool.” - Richard Feynmanwww.hoagiesgifted.org/brain_research.htm
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Dewey, Sellum, Allign, & Howe
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