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Assessing Needs to Identify Assessing Needs to Identify Instructional Goal(s)Instructional Goal(s)

Chapter 2: Dick & Carey

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BackgroundBackground

Needs Assessments = NAs Nas thought to be the most critical part of

the I.D. process NAs used to identify instructional goals

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Needs Assessments (NAs) Needs Assessments (NAs) are used to identify are used to identify instructional goalsinstructional goals

(review)(review)

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NAs are:NAs are:

Used to identify the nature of the organizational problem

Used to solve an problem existing– actuals– optiomals– feelings– causes– solutions

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Methods used to identify goalsMethods used to identify goals

SME (Subject Matter Expert) PT (Performance Technology)

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SMEsSMEs

1. Teach how they were taught

2. Teach what they were taught

3. Try to improve on number 2

4. Tend to emphasize communication of information from trainer to student

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PTsPTs

Goals set in response to problems No preconceived notion of:

– what will be included in the instructional package

– what training is needed IDers works with those in charge of quality

& productivity goals

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Instructional goals definedInstructional goals defined

Defined as: What you want the learner to be able to do after training (instruction)– Derived from:

a needs assessment a list of goals practical experiences an analysis of someone doing the job (task analysis)

Are rather broad indications of the problem to be solved A goal analysis is then used to find a more refined

statement(s) that focus on what the learner will be able to do

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Instructional goals are stated Instructional goals are stated in terms of:in terms of:

Skills Knowledge Attitudes

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Instructional goals use action Instructional goals use action verbsverbs

“Will solve...” “Will blind rivet” “Will apply...”

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““Good”instructional goalsGood”instructional goals

Describe the problem precisely Determine how to solve it efficiently &

effectively Save $$$$$$$$ when instruction is found

not to be needed or is misplaced

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Examples of “Fuzzy” Examples of “Fuzzy” Instructional GoalsInstructional Goals

Appreciating handmade furniture Sensing good paintings Being aware of how to make hot cakes

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How to Clarify a Fuzzy GoalHow to Clarify a Fuzzy Goal

1. Write it down

2. Brainstorm to identify the behaviors learners would demonstrate to reflect their achievement of the goal

3. Select those behaviors that best represent the goal

4. Select indicators of the behavior

5. Incorporate each indicator into a statement that describes what the learner will do

6. Evaluate the resulting statement for its clarity and relationship to the original fuzzy notion

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Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal -- Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal -- Example Example

Original goal: Personnel will know the value of courteous, friendly service.

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Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal (continued)(continued)

Revised Version: Personnel will demonstrate courteous, friendly behavior while greeting customers, transacting business, and concluding transactions

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Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal (continued(continued

Final goal: Personnel will demonstrate courteous, friendly behavior while greeting customers, transacting business, and concluding transactions by initiating conversations, personalizing comments, focusing attention, assisting with forms, and concluding with a “thanks” and a wish for the customer’s well-being

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SummarySummary

Needs Assessments are used to determine instructional goals

Using SMEs to develop goals may cause problems

Most new goals are “fuzzy” Fuzzy goals can be rewritten