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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 1 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Aspen Technology, Inc.
Based on Aspen Plus® 10.1
December 1999
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.
®
Potential
Reach Your
True
Introduction toAspen Plus®
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 2 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Contact Information
• Phone: 888-996-7001 or 617-949-1021
• Email: [email protected]
• Internet: http://www.aspentech.com
Technical Support Hotline
Training (Contact: Pat Sylvia)
Customized Support Services(Contact: Andrea Orchanian)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 3 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Course Agenda - Day 1
1. Introduction - General Simulation Concepts
2. The User Interface - Graphical Flowsheet Definition
3. Basic Input - Getting Around the Graphical UserInterface
4. Unit Operation Models - Overview of Available UnitOperations
5. RadFrac - Multistage Separation Model
6. Reactor Models - Overview of Available Reactor Types
7. Cyclohexane Production Workshop
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 4 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Course Agenda - Day 2
8. Physical Properties - Overview of ThermodynamicModels, Basic Property Analysis and Reporting
9. Accessing Variables - Making References to FlowsheetVariables
10. Sensitivity Analysis - Studying Relationships BetweenProcess Variables
11. Design Specifications - Meeting Process Objectives
12. Fortran Blocks - Use of In-Line Fortran
13. Windows Interoperability - Transferring Data to and fromOther Windows Programs
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 5 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Course Agenda - Day 314. Heat Exchangers - Heaters and Heat Exchangers
15. Pressure Changers - Pumps, Compressors, Pipes andValves
16. Flowsheet Convergence - Convergence Blocks, TearStreams and Flowsheet Sequences
17. Full-Scale Plant Modeling Workshop - Simulate aMethanol Plant
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 6 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Additional Topics18. Maintaining Aspen Plus Simulations - Managing Aspen
Plus Files for Storage and Retrieval
19. Customizing the Look of Your Flowsheet - CreatingProcess Flow Diagrams
20. Estimation of Physical Properties - Overview ofProperty Estimation
21. Electrolytes - Introduction to the Use of Electrolytes
22. Solids Handling - Overview of the Solids Capabilities
23. Optimization - Optimizing a Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 7 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Additional Topics (Continued)
24. RadFrac Convergence - Techniques for ConvergingDifficult Columns
25. VCM Workshop
26. ActiveX Automation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 8 Introduction to Aspen Plus
AppendicesA. Enthalpy Reference and Heat of Reaction
B. Workshop Instructions
C. Workshop Results
D. Final Workshop Hints
9Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Introduction
Objective:
Introduce general flowsheet simulation concepts andAspen Plus features
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 10 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Introduction
• What is flowsheet simulation?
ðUse of a computer program to quantitatively model thecharacteristic equations of a chemical process
• Uses underlying physical relationships Mass and energy balance Equilibrium relationships Rate correlations (reaction and mass/heat transfer)
• Predicts Stream flowrates, compositions, and properties Operating conditions Equipment sizes
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 11 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Advantages of Simulation• Reduces plant design time
Allows designer to quickly test various plantconfigurations
• Helps improve current process Answers “what if” questions Determines optimal process conditions within given
constraints Assists in locating the constraining parts of a process
(debottlenecking)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 12 Introduction to Aspen Plus
General Simulation ProblemWhat is the composition of stream PRODUCT?
• To solve this problem, we need: Material balances Energy balances
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUT SEP
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 13 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Approaches to Flowsheet Simulation• Sequential Modular
Aspen Plus is a sequential modular simulationprogram.
Each unit operation block is solved in a certainsequence.
• Equation Oriented Aspen Custom Modeler (formerly SPEEDUP) is an
equation oriented simulation program. All equations are solved simultaneously.
• Combination Aspen Dynamics (formerly DynaPLUS) uses the
Aspen Plus sequential modular approach to initializethe steady state simulation and the Aspen CustomModeler (formerly SPEEDUP) equation orientedapproach to solve the dynamic simulation.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 14 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Good Flowsheeting Practice• Build large flowsheets a few blocks at a time.
This facilitates troubleshooting if errors occur.
• Ensure flowsheet inputs are reasonable.
• Check that results are consistent and realistic.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 15 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Important Features of Aspen Plus• Rigorous Electrolyte Simulation
• Solids Handling
• Petroleum Handling
• Data Regression
• Data Fit
• Optimization
• User Routines
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 16 Introduction to Aspen Plus
17Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
The User Interface
Objective:
Become comfortable and familiar with the Aspen Plusgraphical user interface
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 1, The User Interface• User Guide, Chapter 2, Creating a Simulation Model• User Guide, Chapter 4, Defining the Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 18 Introduction to Aspen Plus
The User Interface
Reference: Aspen Plus User Guide, Chapter 1, The User Interface
Run ID
Tool Bar
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Select Modebutton Model
Library
Model MenuTabs Process
FlowsheetWindow
Next Button
Status Area
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 19 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Cumene Flowsheet Definition
RStoicModel
HeaterModel
Flash2Model
Filename: CUMENE.BKP
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUT SEP
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 20 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Using the Mouse• Left button click - Select object/field
• Right button click - Bring up menu for selected object/field, or inlet/outlet
• Double left click - Open Data Browser objectsheet
Reference: Aspen Plus User Guide, Chapter 1, The User Interface
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 21 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Graphic Flowsheet OperationsTo place a block on the flowsheet:
1. Click on a model category tab in the Model Library.
2. Select a unit operation model. Click the drop-down arrowto select an icon for the model.
3. Click on the model and then click on the flowsheet toplace the block. You can also click on the model iconand drag it onto the flowsheet.
4. Click the right mouse button to stop placing blocks.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 22 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Graphic Flowsheet Operations (Continued)
• To place a stream on the flowsheet:1. Click on the STREAMS icon in the Model Library.2. If you want to select a different stream type (Material,
Heat or Work), click the down arrow next to the icon andchoose a different type.
3. Click a highlighted port to make the connection.4. Repeat step 3 to connect the other end of the stream.5. To place one end of the stream as either a process
flowsheet feed or product, click a blank part of theProcess Flowsheet window.
6. Click the right mouse button to stop creating streams.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 23 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Graphic Flowsheet Operations (Continued)
• To display an Input form for a Block or a Stream in the DataBrowser:1. Double click the left mouse button on the object of
interest.
• To Rename, Delete, Change the icon, provide input or viewresults for a block or stream:1. Select object (Block or Stream) by clicking on it with the
left mouse button.2. Click the right mouse button while the pointer is over the
selected object icon to bring up the menu for that object.3. Choose appropriate menu item.
Reference: Aspen Plus User Guide, Chapter 4, Defining the Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 24 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Automatic Naming of Streams and Blocks
• Stream and block names can be automaticallyassigned by Aspen Plus or entered by the user whenthe object is created.
• Stream and block names can be displayed or hidden.
• To modify the naming options: Select Options from the Tools menu. Click the Flowsheet tab. Check or uncheck the naming options desired.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 25 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Benzene Flowsheet Definition WorkshopObjective: Create a graphical flowsheet
Start with the General with English Units Template. Choose the appropriate icons for the blocks. Rename the blocks and streams.
When finished, save in backupformat (Run-ID.BKP).filename: BENZENE.BKP
FL1
HeaterModel
Flash2
Model
Flash2
Model
COOL
FEED COOL
VAP1
LIQ1FL2
VAP2
LIQ2
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 26 Introduction to Aspen Plus
27Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Basic Input
Objective:
Introduce the basic input required to run an Aspen Plussimulation
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 3, Using Aspen Plus Help• User Guide, Chapter 5, Global Information for Calculations• User Guide, Chapter 6, Specifying Components• User Guide, Chapter 7, Physical Property Methods• User Guide, Chapter 9, Specifying Streams• User Guide, Chapter 10, Unit Operation Models• User Guide, Chapter 11, Running Your Simulation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 28 Introduction to Aspen Plus
The User InterfaceMenus
Used to specify program options and commands
Toolbar Allows direct access to certain popular functions Can be moved Can be hidden or revealed using the Toolbars dialog
box from the View menu
Data Browser Can be moved, resized, minimized, maximized or
closed Used to navigate the folders, forms, and sheets
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 29 Introduction to Aspen Plus
The User Interface (Continued)
Folders Refers to the root items in the Data Browser Contain forms
Forms Used to enter data and view results for the simulation Can be comprised of a number of sheets Are located in folders
Sheets Make up forms Are selected using tabs at the top of each sheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 30 Introduction to Aspen Plus
The User Interface (Continued)
Object Manager Allows manipulation of discrete objects of information Can be created, edited, renamed, deleted, hidden, and
revealed
Next Button Checks if the current form is complete and skips to the
next form which requires input
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 31 Introduction to Aspen Plus
The Data Browser
Menu tree
Previous sheet
Next sheet
Status area
Parent button Units
Go back Go forwardComments
Next
Description area
Status
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 32 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Help
• Help Topics Contents - Used to browse through the
documentation. The User Guides and ReferenceManuals are all included in the help.• All of the information in the User Guides is found under
the “Using Aspen Plus” book. Index - Used to search for help on a topic using the
index entries Find - Used to search for a help on a topic that
includes any word or words
• “What’s This?” Help Select “What’s This?” from the Help menu and then
click on any area to get help for that item.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 33 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Functionality of Forms• When you select a field on a form (click left mouse button
in the field), the prompt area at the bottom of the windowgives you information about that field.
• Click the drop-down arrow in a field to bring up a list ofpossible input values for that field. Typing a letter will bring up the next selection on the
list that begins with that letter.
• The Tab key will take you to the next field on a form.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 34 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Basic Input
• The minimum required inputs (in addition to thegraphical flowsheet) to run a simulation are: Setup Components Properties Streams Blocks
• These inputs are all found in folders within the DataBrowser.
• These input folders can be located quickly using theData menu or the Data Browser buttons on the toolbar.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 35 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Status Indicators
Symbol StatusInput for the form is incomplete
Input for the form is complete
No input for the form has been entered. It is optional.
Results for the form exist.
Results for the form exist, but there were calculationerrors.
Results for the form exist, but there were calculationwarnings.
Results for the form exist, but input has changed sincethe results were generated.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 36 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Cumene Production Conditions
Q = 0 Btu/hrPdrop = 0 psi
C6H6 + C3H6 = C9H12Benzene Propylene Cumene (Isopropylbenzene)90% Conversion of Propylene
T = 130 FPdrop = 0.1 psi
P = 1 atmQ = 0 Btu/hr
Benzene: 40 lbmol/hrPropylene: 40 lbmol/hr
T = 220 FP = 36 psia
Use the RK-SOAVE Property Method
Filename: CUMENE.BKP
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUT SEP
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 37 Introduction to Aspen Plus
SetupMost of the commonly used Setup information is entered on
the Setup Specifications Global sheet:
• Flowsheet title to be used on reports
• Run type
• Input and output units
• Valid phases (e.g. vapor-liquid or vapor-liquid-liquid)
• Ambient pressure
Stream report options are located on the Setup ReportOptions Stream sheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 38 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Setup Specifications Form
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 39 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Stream Report OptionsStream report options are located on the Setup Report
Options Stream sheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 40 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Setup Run TypesRun Type
Flowsheet Standard Aspen Plus flowsheet run including sensitivity studies and optimization.Flowsheet runs can contain property estimation, assay data analysis, and/or property analysiscalculations.
Assay DataAnalysis
A standalone Assay Data Analysis and pseudocomponent generation runUse Assay Data Analysis to analyze assay data when you do not want to perform a flowsheetsimulation in the same run.
DataRegression
A standalone Data Regression runUse Data Regression to fit physical property model parameters required by ASPEN PLUS tomeasured pure component, VLE, LLE, and other mixture data. Data Regression can containproperty estimation and property analysis calculations. ASPEN PLUS cannot perform dataregression in a Flowsheet run.
PROPERTIESPLUS
PROPERTIES PLUS setup runUse PROPERTIES PLUS to prepare a property package for use with Aspen Custom Modeler(formerly SPEEDUP) or Aspen Pinch (formerly ADVENT), with third-party commercialengineering programs, or with your company's in-house programs. You must be licensed to usePROPERTIES PLUS.
PropertyAnalysis
A standalone Property Analysis runUse Property Analysis to generate property tables, PT-envelopes, residue curve maps, and otherproperty reports when you do not want to perform a flowsheet simulation in the same run.Property Analysis can contain property estimation and assay data analysis calculations.
PropertyEstimation
Standalone Property Constant Estimation runUse Property Estimation to estimate property parameters when you do not want to perform aflowsheet simulation in the same run.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 41 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Setup Units• Units in Aspen Plus can be defined at 3 different levels:
1. Global Level (“Input Data” & “Output Results” fields onthe Setup Specifications Global sheet)
2. Object level (“Units” field in the top of any input formof an object such as a block or stream
3. Field Level
• Users can create their own units sets using the SetupUnits Sets Object Manager. Units can be copied from anexisting set and then modified.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 42 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Components• Use the Components Specifications form to specify all the
components required for the simulation.
• If available, physical property parameters for eachcomponent are retrieved from databanks.
• Pure component databanks contain parameters such asmolecular weight, critical properties, etc. The databanksearch order is specified on the Databanks sheet.
• The Find button can be used to search for components.
• The Electrolyte Wizard can be used to set up anelectrolyte simulation.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 43 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Components Specifications Form
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 44 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Entering Components
• The Component ID is used to identify the component insimulation inputs and results.
• Each Component ID can be associated with a databankcomponent as either: Formula: Chemical formula of component (e.g., C6H6)
(Note that a suffix is added to formulas when there areisomers, e.g. C2H6O-2)
Component Name: Full name of component (e.g.,BENZENE)
• Databank components can be searched for using the Findbutton. Search using component name, formula, component
class, molecular weight, boiling point, or CAS number. All components containing specified items will be listed.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 45 Introduction to Aspen Plus
• Find performs an AND search when more than onecriterion is specified.
Find
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 46 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pure Component Databanks
Parameters missing from the first selected databank will be searched forin subsequent selected databanks.
Databank Contents Use
PURE10 Data from the Design Institute for PhysicalProperty Data (DIPPR) and AspenTech
Primary component databank inAspen Plus
AQUEOUS Pure component parameters for ionic andmolecular species in aqueous solution
Simulations containingelectrolytes
SOLIDS Pure component parameters for strongelectrolytes, salts, and other solids
Simulations containingelectrolytes and solids
INORGANIC Thermochemical properties for inorganiccomponents in vapor, liquid and solid states
Solids, electrolytes, andmetallurgy applications
PURE93 Data from the Design Institute for PhysicalProperty Data (DIPPR) and AspenTechdelivered with Aspen Plus 9.3
For upward compatibility
PURE856 Data from the Design Institute for PhysicalProperty Data (DIPPR) and AspenTechdelivered with Aspen Plus 8.5-6
For upward compatibility
ASPENPCD Databank delivered with Aspen Plus 8.5-6 For upward compatibility
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 47 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Properties• Use the Properties Specifications form to specify the
physical property methods to be used in the simulation.
• Property methods are a collection of models and methodsused to describe pure component and mixture behavior.
• Choosing the right physical properties is critical forobtaining reliable simulation results.
• Selecting a Process Type will narrow the number ofmethods available.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 48 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Properties Specifications Form
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 49 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Streams• Use Stream Input forms to specify the feed stream
conditions and composition.
• To specify stream conditions enter two of the following: Temperature Pressure Vapor Fraction
• To specify stream composition enter either: Total stream flow and component fractions Individual component flows
• Specifications for streams that are not feeds to theflowsheet are used as estimates.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 50 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Streams Input Form
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 51 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Blocks
• Each Block Input or Block Setup form specifiesoperating conditions and equipment specifications forthe unit operation model.
• Some unit operation models require additionalspecification forms
• All unit operation models have optional informationforms (e.g. BlockOptions form).
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 52 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Block Form
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 53 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Starting the Run• Select Control Panel from the View menu or press the Next
button to be prompted. The simulation can be executed when all required forms
are complete. The Next button will take you to any incomplete forms.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 54 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Control Panel
The Control Panel consists of: A message window showing the progress of the
simulation by displaying the most recent messagesfrom the calculations
A status area showing the hierarchy and order ofsimulation blocks and convergence loops executed
A toolbar which you can use to control the simulation
Run Start or continue calculations
Step Step through the flowsheet oneblock at a time
Stop Pause simulation calculations
Reinitialize Purge simulation results
Results Check simulation results
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 55 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Reviewing Results
• History file or Control Panel Messages Contains any generated errors or warnings Select History or Control Panel on the View menu to
display the History file or the Control Panel
• Stream Results Contains stream conditions and compositions
• For all streams (/Data/Results Summary/Streams)• For individual streams (bring up the stream folder in
the Data Browser and select the Results form)
• Block Results Contains calculated block operating conditions (bring
up the block folder in the Data Browser and selectthe Results form)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 56 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Benzene Flowsheet Conditions WorkshopObjective: Add the process and feed stream conditions to aflowsheet.
Starting with the flowsheet created in the Benzene FlowsheetDefinition Workshop (saved as BENZENE.BKP), add the processand feed stream conditions as shown on the next page.
Questions: 1. What is the heat duty of the block “COOL”? _________
2. What is the temperature in the second flash block “FL2”? _________
Note: Answers for all of the workshops are located in the veryback of the course notes in Appendix C.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 57 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Benzene Flowsheet Conditions Workshop
Feed
T = 1000 F
P = 550 psia
Hydrogen: 405 lbmol/hr
Methane: 95 lbmol/hr
Benzene: 95 lbmol/hr
Toluene: 5 lbmol/hr
T = 200 F
Pdrop = 0
T = 100 F
P = 500 psia
P = 1 atm
Q = 0
Use the PENG-ROB Property Method When finished, save asfilename: BENZENE.BKP
FL1COOL
FEED COOL
VAP1
LIQ1FL2
VAP2
LIQ2
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 58 Introduction to Aspen Plus
59Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Unit Operation Models
Objective:
Review major types of unit operation models
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 10, Unit Operation Models• Unit Operation Models Reference Manual
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 60 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Unit Operation Model Types• Mixers/Splitters• Separators• Heat Exchangers• Columns• Reactors• Pressure Changers• Manipulators• Solids• User Models
Reference: The use of specific models is best described by on-linehelp and the documentation.• Aspen Plus Unit Operation Models Reference Manual
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 61 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Mixers/Splitters
Model Description Purpose Use
Mixer Stream mixer Combine multiplestreams into onestream
Mixing tees, stream mixingoperations, adding heatstreams, adding work streams
FSplit Stream splitter Split stream flows Stream splitters, bleed valves
SSplit Substream splitter Split substream flows Solid stream splitters, bleedvalves
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 62 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Separators
Model Description Purpose Use
Flash2 Two-outlet flash Determine thermaland phase conditions
Flashes, evaporators, knockoutdrums, single stage separators
Flash3 Three-outletflash
Determine thermaland phase conditions
Decanters, single stage separatorswith two liquid phases
Decanter Liquid-liquiddecanter
Determine thermaland phase conditions
Decanters, single stage separatorswith two liquid phases and no vaporphase
Sep Multi-outletcomponentseparator
Separate inlet streamcomponents into anynumber of outletstreams
Component separation operationssuch as distillation and absorption,when the details of the separation areunknown or unimportant
Sep2 Two-outletcomponentseparator
Separate inlet streamcomponents into twooutlet streams
Component separation operationssuch as distillation and absorption,when the details of the separation areunknown or unimportant
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 63 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heat ExchangersModel Description Purpose UseHeater Heater or cooler Determines thermal
and phase conditionsHeaters, coolers, valves. Pumps andcompressors when work-relatedresults are not needed.
HeatX Two-streamheat exchanger
Exchange heatbetween two streams
Two-stream heat exchangers. Ratingshell and tube heat exchangerswhen geometry is known.
MHeatX Multistreamheat exchanger
Exchange heatbetween any numberof streams
Multiple hot and cold stream heatexchangers. Two-stream heatexchangers. LNG exchangers.
Hetran* Interface toB-JAC Hetranprogram
Design and simulateshell and tube heatexchangers
Shell and tube heat exchangers witha wide variety of configurations.
Aerotran* Interface toB-JAC Aerotranprogram
Design and simulateair-cooled heatexchangers
Air-cooled heat exchangers with awide variety of configurations. Modeleconomizers and the convectionsection of fired heaters.
* Requires separate license
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 64 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Columns - Shortcut
Model Description Purpose UseDSTWU Shortcut distillation
designDetermine minimum RR,minimum stages, and eitheractual RR or actual stagesby Winn-Underwood-Gilliland method.
Columns with one feed andtwo product streams
Distl Shortcut distillationrating
Determine separationbased on RR, stages, andD:F ratio using Edmistermethod.
Columns with one feed andtwo product streams
SCFrac Shortcut distillationfor petroleumfractionation
Determine productcomposition and flow,stages per section, dutyusing fractionation indices.
Complex columns, such ascrude units and vacuumtowers
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 65 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Columns - RigorousModel Description Purpose UseRadFrac Rigorous
fractionationRigorous rating and design for singlecolumns
Distillation, absorbers, strippers,extractive and azeotropic distillation,reactive distillation
MultiFrac Rigorousfractionation forcomplex columns
Rigorous rating and design formultiple columns of any complexity
Heat integrated columns, air separators,absorber/stripper combinations, ethyleneprimary fractionator/quench towercombinations, petroleum refining
PetroFrac Petroleum refiningfractionation
Rigorous rating and design forpetroleum refining applications
Preflash tower, atmospheric crude unit,vacuum unit, catalytic cracker or cokerfractionator, vacuum lube fractionator,ethylene fractionator and quench towers
BatchFrac*+ Rigorous batchdistillation
Rigorous rating calculations forsingle batch columns
Ordinary azeotropic batch distillation, 3-phase, and reactive batch distillation
RateFrac* Rate-baseddistillation
Rigorous rating and design for singleand multiple columns. Based onnonequilibrium calculations
Distillation columns, absorbers, strippers,reactive systems, heat integrated units,petroleum applications
Extract Liquid-liquidextraction
Rigorous rating for liquid-liquidextraction columns
Liquid-liquid extraction
* Requires separate license+ Input language only in Version 10.0
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 66 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Model Description Purpose UseRStoic Stoichiometric
reactorStoichiometric reactor withspecified reaction extent orconversion
Reactors where the kinetics are unknown orunimportant but stoichiometry and extent areknown
RYield Yield reactor Reactor with specified yield Reactors where the stoichiometry and kineticsare unknown or unimportant but yielddistribution is known
REquil Equilibrium reactor Chemical and phaseequilibrium bystoichiometric calculations
Single- and two-phase chemical equilibriumand simultaneous phase equilibrium
RGibbs Equilibrium reactor Chemical and phaseequilibrium by Gibbsenergy minimization
Chemical and/or simultaneous phase andchemical equilibrium. Includes solid phaseequilibrium.
RCSTR Continuous stirredtank reactor
Continuous stirred tankreactor
One, two, or three-phase stirred tank reactorswith kinetics reactions in the vapor or liquid
RPlug Plug flow reactor Plug flow reactor One, two, or three-phase plug flow reactors withkinetic reactions in any phase. Plug flowreactions with external coolant.
RBatch Batch reactor Batch or semi-batchreactor
Batch and semi-batch reactors where thereaction kinetics are known
Reactors
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 67 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pressure ChangersModel Description Purpose Use
Pump Pump orhydraulicturbine
Change stream pressure whenthe pressure, power requirementor performance curve is known
Pumps and hydraulic turbines
Compr Compressor orturbine
Change stream pressure whenthe pressure, power requirementor performance curve is known
Polytropic compressors, polytropicpositive displacementcompressors, isentropiccompressors, isentropic turbines.
MCompr Multi-stagecompressor orturbine
Change stream pressure acrossmultiple stages with intercoolers.Allows for liquid knockoutstreams from intercoolers
Multistage polytropic compressors,polytropic positive compressors,isentropic compressors, isentropicturbines.
Valve Control valve Determine pressure drop orvalve coefficient (CV)
Multi-phase, adiabatic flow in ball,globe and butterfly valves
Pipe Single-segmentpipe
Determine pressure drop andheat transfer in single-segmentpipe or annular space
Multi-phase, one dimensional,steady-state and fully developedpipeline flow with fittings
Pipeline Multi-segmentpipe
Determine pressure drop andheat transfer in multi-segmentpipe or annular space
Multi-phase, one dimensional,steady-state and fully developedpipeline flow
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 68 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Manipulators
Model Description Purpose Use
Mult Stream multiplier Multiply stream flows bya user supplied factor
Multiply streams for scale-up orscale-down
Dupl Streamduplicator
Copy a stream to anynumber of outlets
Duplicate streams to look atdifferent scenarios in the sameflowsheet
ClChng Stream classchanger
Change stream class Link sections or blocks that usedifferent stream classes
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 69 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids
Model Description UsesCrystallizer Continuous Crystallizer Mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR)
crystallizeer used for the production of a single solid product
Crusher Crushers Gyratory/jaw crusher, cage mill breaker, and single ormultiple roll crushers
Screen Screens Solids-solids separation using screens
FabFl Fabric filters Gas-solids separation using fabric filters
Cyclone Cyclones Gas-solids separation using cyclones
VScrub Venturi scrubbers Gas-solids separation using venturi scrubbers
ESP Dry electrostatic precipitators Gas-solids separation using dry electrostatic precipitators
HyCyc Hydrocyclones Liquid-solids separation using hydrocyclones
CFuge Centrifuge filters Liquid-solids separation using centrifuge filters
Filter Rotary vacuum filters Liquid-solids separation using continuous rotary vacuumfilters
SWash Single-stage solids washer Single-stage solids washer
CCD Counter-current decanter Multistage washer or a counter-current decanter
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 70 Introduction to Aspen Plus
User Models
• Proprietary models or 3-rd party software can beincluded in an Aspen Plus flowsheet using a User2 unitoperation block.
• Excel Workbooks or Fortran code can be used to definethe User2 unit operation model.
• User-defined names can be associated with variables.
• Variables can be dimensioned based on other inputspecifications (for example, number of components).
• Aspen Plus helper functions eliminate the need to knowthe internal data structure to retrieve variables.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 71 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Subflowsheets
• Existing simulations (*.bkp or *.apw files) can be usedas part of a new flowsheet
• Select “Subflowsheet” from the User Model tab of theModel Library to create a subflowsheet in the mainflowsheet.
• Inlet and outlet streams must have the same name inthe subflowsheet and in the main flowsheet.
• Components must be identical in all flowsheets.
• Each ID (block, stream, design-spec, etc.) must beunique.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 72 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Model Templating
• Custom model libraries containing categorized groupsof models can be displayed with the Aspen Plus ModelLibrary.
• Any Aspen Plus model on the flowsheet can be addedto the custom model library. Any data entered for theblock will be associated with that model.
• Custom icons to better represent the equipment can becreated for any model in a custom model library.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 73 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Model Templating (Continued)
1. Create a custom model library, by selecting New fromthe Library menu. Enter the name of the library and thelocation of the library file.
2. Edit the library by selecting the library name and Editfrom the Library menu.
3. Create categories by selecting New from the Categorymenu.
4. Add models to the library by selecting a block on theflowsheet, clicking the right mouse button, andselecting “Add to model library” from the list.
5. Select Save from the Library menu to save the library.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 74 Introduction to Aspen Plus
75Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
RadFrac
Objective:
Discuss the minimum input required for the RadFracfractionation model, and the use of design specificationsand stage efficiencies
Aspen Plus References:• Unit Operation Models Reference Manual, Chapter 4, Columns
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 76 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac: Rigorous Multistage Separation
• Vapor-Liquid or Vapor-Liquid-Liquid phase simulation of: Ordinary distillation Absorption, reboiled absorption Stripping, reboiled stripping Azeotropic distillation Reactive distillation
• Configuration options: Any number of feeds Any number of side draws Total liquid draw off and pumparounds Any number of heaters Any number of decanters
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 77 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Flowsheet Connectivity
Vapor Distillate
Top-Stage or 1 Condenser Heat Duty Heat (optional)
Liquid DistillateWater Distillate (optional)
Feeds
Reflux
Products (optional)Heat (optional)
Pumparound
DecantersHeat (optional)
ProductHeat (optional)
ReturnBoil-up
Bottom Stage or NstageReboiler Heat Duty Heat (optional)
Bottoms
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 78 Introduction to Aspen Plus
• Specify: Number of stages Condenser and reboiler configuration Two column operating specifications Valid phases Convergence
RadFrac Setup Configuration Sheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 79 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Setup Streams Sheet
• Specify: Feed stage location Feed stream convention (see Help)
ABOVE-STAGE:Vapor from feed goes to stage above feed stageLiquid goes to feed stage
ON-STAGE:Vapor & Liquid from feed go to specified feed stage
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 80 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Feed Convention
On-stage
n
Above-stage(default)
n-1
n
Vapor
Feed
n-1
Liquid
Feed
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 81 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Setup Pressure Sheet
• Specify one of: Column pressure profile Top/Bottom pressure Section pressure drop
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 82 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Kettle Reboiler
T = 65 CP = 1 bar
Water: 100 kmol/hrMethanol: 100 kmol/hr
9 Stages
Reflux Ratio = 1Distillate to feed ratio = 0.5Column pressure = 1 barFeed stage = 6
RadFrac specifications
Filename: RAD-EX.BKP
Methanol-Water RadFrac Column
Use the NRTL-RK Property Method
COLUMNFEED
OVHD
BTMS
Total Condenser
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 83 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Options• To set up an absorber with no condenser or reboiler, set
condenser and reboiler to none on the RadFrac SetupConfiguration sheet.
• Either Vaporization or Murphree efficiencies on either astage or component basis can be specified on theRadFrac Efficiencies form.
• Tray and packed column design and rating is possible.
• A Second liquid phase may be modeled if the user selectsVapor-liquid-liquid as Valid phases.
• Reboiler and condenser heat curves can be generated.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 84 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Plot Wizard
• Use Plot Wizard (on the Plot menu) to quickly generateplots of results of a simulation. You can use Plot Wizardfor displaying results for the following operations: Physical property analysis Data regression analysis Profiles for all separation models RadFrac, MultiFrac,
PetroFrac and RateFrac
• Click the object of interest in the Data Browser togenerate plots for that particular object.
• The wizard guides you in the basic operations forgenerating a plot.
• Click on the Next button to continue. Click on theFinish button to generate a plot with default settings.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 85 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Plot Wizard Demonstration
• Use the plot wizard on the column to create a plot ofthe vapor phase compositions throughout the column.
Block COLUMN: Vapor Composition Profiles
Stage1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y (
mol
e fr
ac)
0.25
0.5
0.75
1WATERMETHANOL
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 86 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac DesignSpecs and Vary• Design specifications can be specified and executed
inside the RadFrac block using the DesignSpecs andVary forms.
• One or more RadFrac inputs can be manipulated toachieve specifications on one or more RadFracperformance parameters.
• The number of specs should, in general, be equal to thenumber of varies.
• The DesignSpecs and Varys in a RadFrac are solved in a“Middle loop.” If you get an error message saying that themiddle loop was not converged, check the DesignSpecsand Varys you have entered.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 87 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence ProblemsIf a RadFrac column fails to converge, doing one or more ofthe following could help:
1. Check that physical property issues (choice ofProperty Method, parameter availability, etc.) areproperly addressed.
2. Ensure that column operating conditions are feasible.
3. If the column err/tol is decreasing fairly consistently,increase the maximum iterations on the RadFracConvergence Basic sheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 88 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence Problems (Continued)
4. Provide temperature estimates for some stages inthe column using the RadFrac EstimatesTemperature sheet (useful for absorbers).
5. Provide composition estimates for some stages inthe column using the RadFrac Estimates LiquidComposition and Vapor Composition sheet (usefulfor highly non-ideal systems).
6. Experiment with different convergence methods onthe RadFrac Setup Configuration sheet.
>> When a column does not converge, it is usuallybeneficial to Reinitialize after making changes.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 89 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Filename: RADFRAC.BKP
RadFrac Workshop
Use the NRTL-RK Property Method
COLUMNFEED
DIST
BTMS
Feed:63.2 wt% Water 36.8 wt% MethanolTotal flow = 120,000 lb/hrPressure 18 psia Saturated liquid
Column specification: 38 trays (40 stages)Feed tray = 23 (stage 24)Total condenserTop stage pressure = 16.1 psiaPressure drop per stage = 0.1 psiDistillate flowrate = 1245 lbmol/hrMolar reflux ratio = 1.3
Part A:
• Perform a rating calculation of a Methanol tower using the followingdata:
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 90 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Workshop (Continued)
Part B:
• Set up design specifications within the column so the following twoobjectives are met:
99.95 wt% methanol in the distillate 99.90 wt% water in the bottoms
• To achieve these specifications, you can vary the distillate rate (800-1700 lbmol/hr) and the reflux ratio (0.8-2). Make sure streamcompositions are reported as mass fractions before running theproblem. Note the condenser and reboiler duties:
Condenser Duty :_________
Reboiler Duty :_________
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 91 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Workshop (Continued)
Part C:
• Perform the same design calculation after specifying a 65% Murphreeefficiency for each tray. Assume the condenser and reboiler havestage efficiencies of 90%.
• How do these efficiencies affect the condenser and reboiler duties ofthe column?
Part D:
• Perform a tray sizing calculation for the entire column, given thatBubble Cap trays are used.
(When finished, save as filename: RADFRAC.BKP)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 92 Introduction to Aspen Plus
93Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Reactor Models
Objective:
Introduce the various classes of reactor modelsavailable, and examine in some detail at least onereactor from each class
Aspen Plus References:• Unit Operation Models Reference Manual, Chapter 5, Reactors
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 94 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Reactor Overview
Reactors
Balance BasedRYieldRStoic
Equilibrium BasedREquilRGibbs
Kinetics BasedRCSTRRPlug
RBatch
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 95 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Balanced Based Reactors• RYield
Requires a mass balance only, not an atom balance Is used to simulate reactors in which inlets to the
reactor are not completely known but outlets areknown (e.g. to simulate a furnace)
70 lb/hr H2O20 lb/hr CO260 lb/hr CO250 lb/hr tar600 lb/hr char
1000 lb/hr Coal
IN
OUT
RYield
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 96 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Balanced Based Reactors (Continued)
• RStoic Requires both an atom and a mass balance Used in situations where both the equilibrium data and
the kinetics are either unknown or unimportant Can specify or calculate heat of reaction at a reference
temperature and pressure
2 CO + O2 --> 2 CO2C + O2 --> CO22 C + O2 --> 2 CO
C, O2
IN
OUT
RStoic
C, O2, CO, CO2
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 97 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Equilibrium Based Reactors• GENERAL
Do not take reaction kinetics into account Solve similar problems, but problem specifications are
different Individual reactions can be at a restricted equilibrium
• REquil Computes combined chemical and phase equilibrium
by solving reaction equilibrium equations Cannot do a 3-phase flash Useful when there are many components, a few known
reactions, and when relatively few components takepart in the reactions
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 98 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Equilibrium Based Reactors (Continued)
• RGibbs Unknown Reactions
This feature is quite useful when reactions occurringare not known or are high in number due to manycomponents participating in the reactions.
Gibbs Energy MinimizationA Gibbs free energy minimization is done to determinethe product composition at which the Gibbs freeenergy of the products is at a minimum.
Solid EquilibriumRGibbs is the only Aspen Plus block that will deal withsolid-liquid-gas phase equilibrium.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 99 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Kinetic Reactors• Kinetic reactors are RCSTR, RPlug and RBatch.
• Reaction kinetics are taken into account, and hence mustbe specified.
• Kinetics can be specified using one of the built-in models,or with a user subroutine. The current built-in models are Power Law Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW)
• A catalyst for a reaction can have a reaction coefficient ofzero.
• Reactions are specified using a Reaction ID.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 100 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Using a Reaction ID• Reaction IDs are setup as objects, separate from the
reactor, and then referenced within the reactor(s).
• A single Reaction ID can be referenced in any number ofkinetic reactors (RCSTR, RPlug and RBatch.)
• To set up a Reaction ID, go to the Reactions ReactionsObject Manager
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 101 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Power-law Rate Expression
−−
−=
0
n
0
11Energy Activationexp Factor) lexponentiaPre(
TTRTT
k
rate k concentrationii
= ∏* [ ]exponent i
Example: 2 3 21
2A B C D
k
k+ →
← +
Forward reaction: (Assuming the reaction is 2nd order in A)coefficients: A: B: C: D:exponents: A: B: C: D:
-2 -3 1 2 2 0 0 0
Reverse reaction: (Assuming the reaction is 1st order in C and D)coefficients: C: D: A: B: exponents: C: D: A: B:
-1 -2 2 3 1 1 0 0
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 102 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heats of Reaction• Heats of reaction need not be provided for reactions.
• Heats of reaction are typically calculated as the differencebetween inlet and outlet enthalpies for the reactor (seeAppendix A).
• If you have a heat of reaction value that does not matchthe value calculated by Aspen Plus, you can adjust theheats of formation (DHFORM) of one or morecomponents to make the heats of reaction match.
• Heats of reaction can also be calculated or specified at areference temperature and pressure in an RStoic reactor.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 103 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Reactor WorkshopObjective: Compare the use of different reactor types tomodel one reaction.
Reactor Conditions:Temperature = 70 CPressure = 1 atm
Stoichiometry:Ethanol + Acetic Acid <--> Ethyl Acetate + Water
Kinetic Parameters:Forward Reaction: Pre-exp. Factor = 1.9 x 108,Act. Energy = 5.95 x 107 J/kmolReverse Reaction: Pre-exp. Factor = 5.0 x 107,Act. Energy = 5.95 x 107 J/kmol
Reactions are first order with respect to each of the reactants in the reaction (secondorder overall).
Reactions occur in the liquid phase.Composition basis is Molarity.
Hint: Check that each reactor is considering both Vapor and Liquid as Valid phases.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 104 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Reactor Workshop (Continued)
Temp = 70 CPres = 1 atm
Feed:
Water: 8.892 kmol/hrEthanol: 186.59 kmol/hrAcetic Acid: 192.6 kmol/hr
Length = 2 metersDiameter = 0.3 meters
Volume = 0.14 Cu. M.
70 % conversion of ethanol
When finished, save asfilename: REACTORS.BKP
Use the NRTL-RK property method
RSTOICF-STOIC
P-STOIC
RGIBBS
F-GIBBS P-GIBBS
RPLUGF-PLUG P-PLUG
DUPL
FEED
F-CSTR
RCSTR
P-CSTR
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 105 Introduction to Aspen Plus
106Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Cyclohexane Production Workshop
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 107 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Cyclohexane Production WorkshopObjective: Create a flowsheet to model a cyclohexaneproduction process
Cyclohexane can be produced by the hydrogenation of benzene in thefollowing reaction:
C6H6 + 3 H2 = C6H12Benzene Hydrogen Cyclohexane
The benzene and hydrogen feeds are combined with recycle hydrogenand cyclohexane before entering a fixed bed catalytic reactor. Assumea benzene conversion of 99.8%.
The reactor effluent is cooled and the light gases separated from theproduct stream. Part of the light gas stream is fed back to the reactor asrecycle hydrogen.
The liquid product stream from the separator is fed to a distillationcolumn to further remove any dissolved light gases and to stabilize theend product. A portion of the cyclohexane product is recycled to thereactor to aid in temperature control.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 108 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Cyclohexane Production Workshop C6H6 + 3 H2 = C6H12Benzene Hydrogen Cyclohexane
Use the RK-SOAVE property method
When finished, save asfilename: CYCLOHEX.BKP
Bottoms rate = 99 kmol/hr
P = 25 barT = 50 C
Molefrac H2 = 0.975N2 = 0.005CH4 = 0.02
Total flow = 330 kmol/hr
T = 40 CP = 1 barBenzene flow = 100 kmol/hr
T = 150CP = 23 bar T = 200 C
Pdrop = 1 barBenzene conv =
0.998
T = 50 CPdrop = 0.5 bar
92% flow to stream H2RCY
30% flow to stream CHRCY
Specify cyclohexane molerecovery of 0.9999 by varyingBottoms rate from 97 to 101 kmol/hr
Theoretical Stages = 12Reflux ratio = 1.2
Partial Condenser with vapor distillate onlyColumn Pressure = 15 barFeed stage = 8
REACTFEED-MIXH2IN
BZIN
H2RCY
CHRCY
RXIN
RXOUT
HP-SEP
VAP
COLUMN
COLFD
LTENDS
PRODUCT
VFLOW
PURGE
LFLOW
LIQ
109Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Physical Properties
Objectives:
Introduce the ideas of property methods and physicalproperty parametersIdentify issues involved in the choice of a property methodCover the use of Property Analysis for reporting physicalproperties
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 7, Physical Property Methods• User Guide, Chapter 8, Physical Property Parameters and Data• User Guide, Chapter 29, Analyzing Properties
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 110 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Case Study - Acetone Recovery• Correct choice of physical property models and accurate
physical property parameters are essential for obtainingaccurate simulation results.
IdealApproach
Equation ofState Approach
Activity CoefficientModel Approach
Predicted number of stagesrequired
11 7 42
Approximate cost in dollars 520,000 390,000 880,000
FEED
OVHD
BTMS
COLUMN
5000 lbmol/hr10 mole % acetone90 mole % water
Specification: 99.5 mole % acetone recovery
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 111 Introduction to Aspen Plus
How to Establish Physical Properties
Choose a Property Method
Check Parameters/ObtainAdditional Parameters
Confirm Results
Create the Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 112 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Methods• A Property Method is a collection of models and methods
used to calculate physical properties.
• Property Methods containing commonly usedthermodynamic models are provided in Aspen Plus.
• Users can modify existing Property Methods or createnew ones.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 113 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Approaches to representing physical properties ofcomponents
Physical Property Models
Ideal Equation of State Activity Special(EOS) Coefficient ModelsModels Models
Physical Property Models
• Choice of model types depends on degree of non-idealbehavior and operating conditions.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 114 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Ideal vs. Non-Ideal Behavior• What do we mean by ideal behavior?
Ideal Gas law and Raoult’s law
• Which systems behave as ideal? Non-polar components of similar size and shape
• What controls degree of non-ideality? Molecular interactions
e.g. Polarity, size and shape of the molecules
• How can we study the degree of non-ideality of a system? Property plots (e.g. TXY & XY)
x
y
x
y
x
y
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 115 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Comparison of EOS and Activity Models
EOS Models Activity Coefficient Models
Limited in ability to representnon-ideal liquids
Can represent highly non-ideal liquids
Fewer binary parametersrequired
Many binary parameters required
Parameters extrapolatereasonably with temperature
Binary parameters are highlytemperature dependent
Consistent in critical region Inconsistent in critical region
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 116 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Common Property Methods• Equation of State Property Methods
PENG-ROB RK-SOAVE
• Activity Coefficient Property Methods NRTL UNIFAC UNIQUAC WILSON
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 117 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Henry's Law• Henry's Law is only used with ideal and activity coefficient
models.
• It is used to determine the amount of a supercriticalcomponent or light gas in the liquid phase.
• Any supercritical components or light gases (CO2, N2,etc.) should be declared as Henry's components(Components Henry Comps Selection sheet).
• The Henry's components list ID should be entered onProperties Specifications Global sheet in the HenryComponents field.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 118 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Choosing a Property Method - ReviewDo you have anypolar componentsin your system?
Are the operating conditionsnear the critical region of themixture?
Do you have light gases orsupercritical componentsin your system?
Use activitycoefficient modelwith Henry’s Law
Use activitycoefficientmodel
Use EOS Model
N
N
NY
Y
Y
Reference: Aspen Plus UserGuide, Chapter 7, PhysicalProperty Methods, givessimilar, more detailedguidelines for choosing aProperty Method.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 119 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Choosing a Property Method - Example
Choose an appropriate Property Method for the followingsystems of components at ambient conditions.
System Model Type Property MethodPropane, Ethane, Butane EOS RK-SOAVE, PENG-ROB
Benzene, Water Activity Coefficient NRTL-RK, UNIQUAC
Acetone, Water Activity Coefficient NRTL-RK, WILSON
System Property Method
Ethanol, Water
Benzene, Toluene
Acetone, Water, Carbon Dioxide
Water, Cyclohexane
Ethane and Propanol
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 120 Introduction to Aspen Plus
How to Establish Physical Properties
Choose a Property Method
Check Parameters/ObtainAdditional Parameters
Confirm Results
Create the Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 121 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pure Component Parameters• Represent attributes of a single component
• Input in the Properties Parameters Pure Componentfolder.
• Stored in databanks such as PURE10, ASPENPCD,SOLIDS, etc. (The selected databanks are listed on theComponents Specifications Databanks sheet.)
• Parameters retrieved into the Graphical User Interface byselecting Retrieve Parameter Results from the tools menu.
• Examples Scalar: MW for molecular weight Temperature-Dependent: PLXANT for parameters in
the extended Antoine vapor pressure model
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 122 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Binary Parameters• Used to describe interactions between two components
• Input in the Properties Parameters Binary Interactionfolder
• Stored in binary databanks such as VLE-IG, LLE-ASPEN
• Parameter values from the databanks can be viewed onthe input forms in the Graphical User Interface.
• Parameter forms that include data from the databanksmust be viewed before the flowsheet is complete.
• Examples Scalar: RKTKIJ for the Rackett model Temperature-Dependent: NRTL for parameters in the
NRTL model
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 123 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Displaying Property Parameters
• Aspen Plus does not display all databank parameterson the parameter input forms.
• Select Retrieve Parameter Results from the Toolsmenu to retrieve all parameters for the components andproperty methods defined in the simulation.
• All results that are currently loaded will be lost. Theycan be regenerated by running the simulation again.
• The parameters are viewed on the PropertiesParameters Results forms.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 124 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Reporting Physical Property ParametersFollow this procedure to obtain a report file containingvalues of ALL pure component and binary parameters forALL components used in a simulation:
1. On the Setup Report Options Property sheet,select All physical property parameters used (in SIunits) or select Property parameters’ descriptions,equations, and sources of data.
2. After running the simulation, export a report (*.rep)file (Select Export from the File menu).
3. Edit the .rep file using any text editor. (From theGraphical User Interface, you can choose Reportfrom the View menu.) The parameters are listedunder the heading PARAMETER VALUES in thephysical properties section of the report file.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 125 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Parameter Reports
All physical propertyparameters used(in SI units)
Property parameters’descriptions, equations,and sources of data
Parameters are reported in SIunits, and the units of theparameters are not printed.
Parameters are reported inoutput-units, and the units of theparameters are printed.
Only Aspen Plus abbreviations forthe parameter names are printed.
Aspen Plus abbreviation alongwith a description is printed
Output is fairly compact. Output is quite long.
Equations for temperature-dependent parameters are listed.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 126 Introduction to Aspen Plus
How to Establish Physical Properties
Choose a Property Method
Check Parameters/ObtainAdditional Parameters
Confirm Results
Create the Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 127 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Analysis• Used to generate simple property diagrams to validate
physical property models and data
• Diagram Types: Pure component, e.g. Vapor pressure vs. temperature Binary, e.g. TXY, PXY Ternary residue maps
• Select Analysis from the Tools menu to start Analysis.
• Additional binary plots are available under the PlotWizard button on result form containing raw data.
• When using a binary analysis to check for liquid-liquidphase separation, remember to choose Vapor-Liquid-Liquid as Valid phases.
• Property analysis input and results can be saved as aform for later reference and use.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 128 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Analysis - Common PlotsIdeal XY Plot: XY Plot Showing Azeotrope:
XY Plot Showing 2 liquid phases:
y-x diagram for METHANOL / PROPANOL
LIQUID MOLEFRAC METHANOL0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.
20
.4
0.
60
.8
1
VA
PO
R
MO
LE
FR
AC
M
ET
HA
NO
L
(PRES = 14.7 PSI)
y-x diagram for ETHANOL / TOLUENE
LIQUID MOLEFRAC ETHANOL0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.
20
.4
0.
60
.8
1
VA
PO
R
MO
LE
FR
AC
E
TH
AN
OL
(PRES = 14.7 PSI)
y-x diagram for TOLUENE / WATER
LIQUID MOLEFRAC TOLUENE0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.
20
.4
0.
60
.8
1
VA
PO
R
MO
LE
FR
AC
T
OL
UE
NE
(PRES = 14.7 PSI)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 129 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Additional Data from DETHERM
• DETHERM databank is maintained by DECHEMA.
• DETHERM contains the world’s most comprehensivesingle source of thermophysical properties. Phase equilibria data Azeotropic data Excess properties PVT data Caloric properties Transport properties Electrolyte data
• The interface can be launched from within Aspen Plus toaccess data via the Internet or CD-ROM.
• Users are charged for each set of data that is downloaded.• Data can be regressed using Aspen Plus Data Regression.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 130 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Interface to DETHERM Example
1. Enter your components on the Components Specifications Selection sheet.
2. Click on the DETHERM Interface button on the toolbar.
3. Click on the Search button in the DETHERM interface.
4. Select the data sets from the list of data.
5. Click on the Transfer button.
6. Enter your user ID information.
7. Receive the data into Aspen Plus. Scalar data is entered on Property Parameters forms. Temperature dependent and Binary data sets are
entered on the Properties Data forms.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 131 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Interface to DETHERM Example
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 132 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Interface to DETHERM Example
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 133 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Interface to the DETHERM Databank
• For more information The AspenTech partnership with DECHEMA Download and usage of DETHERM Internet Client How to sign up for an account
http://www.aspentech.com/partner/. (then click on DECHEMA)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 134 Introduction to Aspen Plus
How to Establish Physical Properties
Choose a Property Method
Check Parameters/ObtainAdditional Parameters
Confirm Results
Create the Flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 135 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Establishing Physical Properties - Review1. Choose Property Method - Select a Property Method based on
Components present in simulation Operating conditions in simulation Available data or parameters for the components
2. Check Parameters - Determine parameters available in AspenPlus databanks
3. Obtain Additional Parameters (if necessary) - Parameters thatare needed can be obtained from Literature searches Regression of experimental data (Data Regression) Property Constant Estimation (Property Estimation)
4. Confirm Results - Verify choice of Property Method andphysical property data using Physical Property Analysis
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 136 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Sets• A property set (Prop-Set) is a way of accessing a
collection, or set, of properties as an object with a user-given name. Only the name of the property set isreferenced when using the properties in an application.
• Use property sets to report thermodynamic, transport, andother property values.
• Current property set applications include: Design specifications, Fortran blocks, sensitivity Stream reports Physical property tables (Property Analysis) Tray properties (RadFrac, MultiFrac, etc.) Heating/cooling curves (Flash2, MHeatX, etc.)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 137 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Properties included in Prop-Sets• Properties commonly included in property sets include:
VFRAC - Molar vapor fraction of a stream BETA - Fraction of liquid in a second liquid phase CPMX - Constant pressure heat capacity for a mixture MUMX - Viscosity for a mixture
• Available properties include: Thermodynamic properties of components in a mixture Pure component thermodynamic properties Transport properties Electrolyte properties Petroleum-related properties
Reference: Aspen Plus Physical Property Data Reference Manual,Chapter 4, Property Sets, has a complete list of properties that can beincluded in a property set.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 138 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Specifying Property Sets• Use the Properties Prop-Sets form to specify properties in
a property set.
• The Search button can be used to search for a property.
• All specified qualifiers apply to each property specified,where applicable.
• Users can define new properties on the PropertiesAdvanced User-Properties form by providing a Fortransubroutine.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 139 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Predefined Property SetsSome simulation Templates contain predefined propertysets.
The following table lists predefined property sets and thetypes of properties they contain for the General Template:
Predefined Property Set Types of Properties
HXDESIGN Heat exchanger design
THERMAL Mixture thermal (HMX, CPMX,KMX)
TXPORT Transport
VLE Vapor-liquid equilibrium(PHIMX, GAMMA, PL)
VLLE Vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 140 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Stream Results Options
• On the Setup Report Options Stream sheet, use: Flow Basis and Fraction Basis check-boxes to
specify how stream composition is reported Property Sets button to specify names of property
sets containing additional properties to be reported foreach stream
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 141 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Definition of Terms• Property Method - Set of property models and methods
used to calculate the properties required for a simulation
• Property - Calculated physical property value such asmixture enthalpy
• Property Model - Equation or equations used tocalculate a physical property
• Property Parameter - Constant used in a property model
• Property Set (Prop-Set) - A method of accessingproperties so that they can be used or tabulatedelsewhere
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 142 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Physical Properties WorkshopObjective: Simulate a two-liquid phase settling tank andinvestigate the physical properties of the system.
A refinery has a settling tank that they use to decant off the water from amixture of water and a heavy oil. The inlet stream to the tank alsocontains some carbon-dioxide and nitrogen. The tank and feed are atambient temperature and pressure (70o F, 1atm), and have the followingflow rates of the various components:
Water 515 lb/hrOil 4322 lb/hrCO2 751 lb/hrN2 43 lb/hr
Use the compound n-decane to represent the oil. It is known that waterand oil form two liquid phases under the conditions in the tank.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 143 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Physical Properties Workshop (Continued)
1. Choose an appropriate Property Method to represent this system.Check to see that the required binary physical property parametersare available.
2. Using the property analysis feature, verify that the chosen physicalproperty model and the available parameters predict the formationof 2 liquid phases.
3. Set up a simulation to model the settling tank. Use a Flash3 blockto represent the tank.
4. Modify the stream report to include the constant pressure heatcapacity (CPMX) for each phase (Vapor, 1st Liquid and 2nd Liquid),and the fraction of liquid in a second liquid phase (BETA), for allstreams.
5. Retrieve the physical property parameters used in the simulationand determine the critical temperature for carbon dioxide and water.
TC(carbon dioxide) = _______; TC(water) = _______
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 144 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Physical Properties Workshop (Continued)
Optional Part:
Objective: Generate a table of compositions for each liquidphase (1st Liquid and 2nd Liquid) at different temperaturesfor a mixture of water and oil. Tabulate the vapor pressure ofthe components in the same table.• In addition to the interactive Analysis commands under the Tools
menu, you also can create a Property Analysis manually, using forms.• Manually generated Properties Analyses are created using the
Properties Analysis Object Manager.• Manually created Property Analyses can be executed at the end of a
flowsheet simulation or as a stand-alone run using a Run-Type ofProperty Analysis.
• A manually generated Generic Property Analysis is similar to theinteractive Analysis commands, however it is more flexible regardinginput and reporting.Detailed instructions are on the following slide.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 145 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Physical Properties Workshop (Continued)
Problem Specifications:
1. Create a Generic type property analysis.
2. Generate points along a flash curve.
3. Define component flows of 50 mole water and 50 mole oil.
4. Set Valid phases to Vapor-liquid-liquid.
5. Vary the temperature from 50 to 400 F.
6. Use a vapor fraction of zero.
7. Tabulate a new property set that includes:
a. Mole fraction of water and oil in the 1st and 2nd liquid phasesb. Mole flow of water and oil in the 1st and 2nd liquid phasesc. Beta - the fraction of the 1st liquid to the total liquidd. Pure component vapor pressures of water and oil
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 146 Introduction to Aspen Plus
147Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Accessing Variables
Objective:
Become familiar with referencing flowsheet variables
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 18, Accessing Flowsheet Variables
Related Topics:• User Guide, Chapter 20, Sensitivity• User Guide, Chapter 21, Design Specifications• User Guide, Chapter 19, Fortran Blocks and In-Line Fortran• User Guide, Chapter 22, Optimization• User Guide, Chapter 23, Fitting a Simulation Model to Data
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 148 Introduction to Aspen Plus
• What is the effect of the reflux ratio of the column on thepurity (mole fraction of component B) of the distillate?
• To perform this analysis, references must be made to 2flowsheet quantities, i.e. 2 flowsheet variables must beaccessed:1. The reflux ratio of the column2. The mole fraction of component B in the stream
OVHD
Why Access Variables?
COLUMNFEED
OVHD
BTMS
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 149 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Accessing Variables• An accessed variable is a reference to a particular
flowsheet quantity, e.g. temperature of a stream or duty ofa block.
• Accessed variables can be read from, written to, or both.
• Flowsheet result variables (calculated quantities) shouldnot be overwritten or varied.
• The concept of accessing variables is used in sensitivityanalyses, design specifications, in-line Fortran,optimization, etc.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 150 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Variable Categories
Variable Category Type of Variable Blocks Block variables and vectors
Streams Stream variables and vectors.Both non-component variables andcomponent dependent flow and compositionvariables can be accessed.
Model Utility Parameters, balance block and pressurerelief variables
Property Property parameters
Reactions Reactions and chemistry variables
Costing Costing variables
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 151 Introduction to Aspen Plus
• When completing a Define sheet, such as on a Fortran,Design specification or Sensitivity form, specify thevariables on the Variable Definition dialog box.
• You cannot modify the variables on the Define sheet itself.
• On the Variable Definition dialog box, select the variablecategory and Aspen Plus will display the other fieldsnecessary to complete the variable definition.
• If you are editing an existing variable and want to changethe variable name, click the right mouse button on theVariable Name field. On the popup menu, click Rename.
Variable Definition Dialog Box
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 152 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes1. If the Mass-Frac, Mole-Frac or StdVol-Frac of a component in
a stream is accessed, it should not be modified. To modify thecomposition of a stream, access and modify the Mass-Flow,Mole-Flow or StdVol-Flow of the desired component.
2. If duty is specified for a block, that duty can be read and writtenusing the variable DUTY for that block. If the duty for a block iscalculated during simulation, it should be read using thevariable QCALC.
3. PRES is the specified pressure or pressure drop, and PDROPis pressure drop used in calculating pressure profile in heatingor cooling curves.
4. Only streams that are feeds to the flowsheet should be variedor modified directly.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 153 Introduction to Aspen Plus
154Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Sensitivity Analysis
Objective:Introduce the use of sensitivity analysis to studyrelationships between process variables
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 20, Sensitivity
Related Topics:• User Guide, Chapter 18, Accessing Flowsheet Variables• User Guide, Chapter 19, Fortran Blocks and In-Line Fortran
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 155 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sensitivity Analysis• Allows user to study the effect of changes in input
variables on process outputs.
• Results can be viewed by looking at the Results form inthe folder for the Sensitivity block.
• Results may be graphed to easily visualize relationshipsbetween different variables.
• Changes made to a flowsheet input quantity in asensitivity block do not affect the simulation. Thesensitivity study is run independently of the base-casesimulation.
• Located under /Data/Model Analysis Tools/Sensitivity
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 156 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sensitivity Analysis Example
What is the effect of cooler outlet temperature on the purityof the product stream?
• What is the manipulated (varied) variable?
• What is the measured (sampled) variable?
Filename: CUMENE-S.BKP
» Cooler outlet temperature
» Purity (mole fraction) of cumene in product stream
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUT SEP
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 157 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sensitivity S-1 Results Summary
VARY 1 COOL PARAM TEMP F50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
CU
ME
NE
PR
OD
UC
T P
UR
ITY
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Sensitivity Analysis Results
• What is happening below 75 F and above 300 F?
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 158 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Uses of Sensitivity Analysis• Studying the effect of changes in input variables on
process (model) outputs
• Graphically representing the effects of input variables
• Verifying that a solution to a design specification isfeasible
• Rudimentary optimization
• Studying time varying variables using a quasi-steady-state approach
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 159 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Sensitivity Analysis1. Specify measured (sampled) variable(s)
These are quantities calculated during the simulation tobe used in step 4 (Sensitivity Input Define sheet).
2. Specify manipulated (varied) variable(s) These are the flowsheet variables to be varied
(Sensitivity Input Vary sheet).
3. Specify range(s) for manipulated (varied) variable(s) Variation for manipulated variable can be specified either
as equidistant points within an interval or as a list ofvalues for the variable (Sensitivity Input Vary sheet).
4. Specify quantities to calculate and tabulate Tabulated quantities can be any valid Fortran expression
containing variables defined in step 1 (Sensitivity InputTabulate sheet).
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 160 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Plotting
1. Select the column containing the X-axis variable and thenselect X-Axis Variable from the Plot menu.
2. Select the column containing the Y-axis variable and thenselect Y-Axis Variable from the Plot menu.
3. (Optional) Select the column containing the parametricvariable and then select Parametric Variable from thePlot menu.
4. Select Display Plot from the Plot menu.
» To select a column, click on the heading of the columnwith the left mouse button.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 161 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes
1. Only quantities that have been input to the flowsheetshould be varied or manipulated.
2. Multiple inputs can be varied.
3. The simulation is run for every combination ofmanipulated (varied) variables.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 162 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sensitivity Analysis Workshop
Part A:Using the cyclohexane production flowsheet Workshop (saved asCYCLOHEX.BKP), plot the variation of reactor duty (block REACT) asthe recycle split fraction in LFLOW is varied from 0.1 to 0.4.
Optional Part B:In addition to the fraction split off as recycle (Part A), vary theconversion of benzene in the reactor from 0.9 to 1.0. Tabulate thereactor duty and construct a parametric plot showing the dependence ofreactor duty on the fraction split off as recycle and conversion ofbenzene.
Note: Both of these studies (parts A and B) should be set up within thesame sensitivity analysis block.
When finished, save as filename: SENS.BKP.
Objective: Use a sensitivity analysis to study the effect ofthe recycle flowrate on the reactor duty in the cyclohexaneflowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 163 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Cyclohexane Production Workshop C6H6 + 3 H2 = C6H12Benzene Hydrogen Cyclohexane
Use the RK-SOAVE property method
Bottoms rate = 99 kmol/hr
P = 25 barT = 50 C
Molefrac H2 = 0.975N2 = 0.005CH4 = 0.02
Total flow = 330 kmol/hr
T = 40 CP = 1 barBenzene flow = 100 kmol/hr
T = 150CP = 23 bar T = 200 C
Pdrop = 1 barBenzene conv =
0.998
T = 50 CPdrop = 0.5 bar
92% flow to stream H2RCY
30% flow to stream CHRCY
Specify cyclohexane molerecovery of 0.9999 by varyingBottoms rate from 97 to 101 kmol/hr
Theoretical Stages = 12Reflux ratio = 1.2
Partial Condenser with vapor distillate onlyColumn Pressure = 15 barFeed stage = 8
REACTFEED-MIXH2IN
BZIN
H2RCY
CHRCY
RXIN
RXOUT
HP-SEP
VAP
COLUMN
COLFD
LTENDS
PRODUCT
VFLOW
PURGE
LFLOW
LIQ
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 164 Introduction to Aspen Plus
165Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Design Specifications
Objective:Introduce the use of design specifications to meet processdesign requirements
Aspen Plus References:•User Guide, Chapter 21, Design Specifications
Related Topics:•User Guide, Chapter 18, Accessing Flowsheet Variables•User Guide, Chapter 19, Fortran Blocks and In-Line Fortran•User Guide, Chapter 17, Convergence
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 166 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Design Specifications• Similar to a feedback controller
• Allows user to set the value of a calculated flowsheetquantity to a particular value
• Objective is achieved by manipulating a specified inputvariable
• No results associated directly with a design specification
• Located under /Data/Flowsheeting Options/Design Specs
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 167 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Design Specification Example
What should the cooler outlet temperature be to achieve acumene product purity of 98 mole percent?
• What is the manipulated (varied) variable?
• What is the measured (sampled) variable?
• What is the specification (target) to be achieved?
Filename: CUMENE-D.BKP
» Cooler outlet temperature
» Mole fraction of cumene in stream PRODUCT
» Mole fraction of cumene in stream PRODUCT = 0.98
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUT SEP
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 168 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Design Specifications1. Identify measured (sampled) variables
These are flowsheet quantities, usually calculatedquantities, to be included in the objective function(Design Spec Define sheet).
2. Specify objective function (Spec) and goal (Target)This is the equation that the specification attempts tosatisfy (Design Spec Spec sheet). The units of thevariable used in the objective function are the units forthat type of variable as specified by the Units Setdeclared for the design specification.
3. Set tolerance for objective functionThe specification is said to be converged if the objectivefunction equation is satisfied to within this tolerance(Design Spec Spec sheet).
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 169 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Design Specifications (Continued)
4. Specify manipulated (varied) variableThis is the variable whose value the specificationchanges in order to satisfy the objective functionequation (Design Spec Vary sheet).
5. Specify range of manipulated (varied) variableThese are the lower and upper bounds of the intervalwithin which Aspen Plus will vary the manipulatedvariable (Design Spec Vary sheet). The units of thelimits for the varied variable are the units for that type ofvariable as specified by the Units Set declared for thedesign specification.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 170 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes1. Only quantities that have been input to the flowsheet
should be manipulated.
2. The calculations performed by a design specification areiterative. Providing a good estimate for the manipulatedvariable will help the design specification converge infewer iterations. This is especially important for largeflowsheets with several interrelated design specifications.
3. The results of a design specification can be found underData/Convergence/Convergence, by opening theappropriate solver block, and choosing the Results form.Alternatively, the final values of the manipulated and/orsampled variables can be viewed directly on theappropriate Stream/Block results forms.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 171 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes (Continued)
4. If a design-spec does not converge:
a. Check to see that the manipulated variable is not atits lower or upper bound.
b. Verify that a solution exists within the boundsspecified for the manipulated variable, perhaps byperforming a sensitivity analysis.
c. Check to ensure that the manipulated variable doesindeed affect the value of the sampled variables.
d. Try providing a better starting estimate for the valueof the manipulated variable.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 172 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes (Continued)
e. Try changing the characteristics of the convergenceblock associated with the design-spec (step size,number of iterations, algorithm, etc.)
f. Try narrowing the bounds of the manipulated variableor loosening the tolerance on the objective functionto help convergence.
g. Make sure that the objective function does not have aflat region within the range of the manipulatedvariable.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 173 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Design Specification Workshop
The cyclohexane production flowsheet workshop (saved asCYCLOHEX.BKP) is a model of an existing plant. The cooling systemaround the reactor can handle a maximum operating load of 4.7MMkcal/hr. Determine the amount of cyclohexane recycle necessary tokeep the cooling load on the reactor to this amount.
Note: The heat convention used in Aspen Plus is that heat input to ablock is positive, and heat removed from a block is negative.
When finished, save as filename: DES-SPEC.BKP
Objective: Use a design specification in the cyclohexaneflowsheet to fix the heat load on the reactor by varying therecycle flowrate.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 174 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Cyclohexane Production Workshop C6H6 + 3 H2 = C6H12Benzene Hydrogen Cyclohexane
Use the RK-SOAVE property method
Bottoms rate = 99 kmol/hr
P = 25 barT = 50 C
Molefrac H2 = 0.975N2 = 0.005CH4 = 0.02
Total flow = 330 kmol/hr
T = 40 CP = 1 barBenzene flow = 100 kmol/hr
T = 150CP = 23 bar T = 200 C
Pdrop = 1 barBenzene conv =
0.998
T = 50 CPdrop = 0.5 bar
92% flow to stream H2RCY
30% flow to stream CHRCY
Specify cyclohexane molerecovery of 0.9999 by varyingBottoms rate from 97 to 101 kmol/hr
Theoretical Stages = 12Reflux ratio = 1.2
Partial Condenser with vapor distillate onlyColumn Pressure = 15 barFeed stage = 8
REACTFEED-MIXH2IN
BZIN
H2RCY
CHRCY
RXIN
RXOUT
HP-SEP
VAP
COLUMN
COLFD
LTENDS
PRODUCT
VFLOW
PURGE
LFLOW
LIQ
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 175 Introduction to Aspen Plus
176Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Fortran Blocks
Objective:
Introduce usage of Fortran blocks in Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus References:•User Guide, Chapter 19, Fortran Blocks and In-Line Fortran
Related Topics:•User Guide, Chapter 20, Sensitivity•User Guide, Chapter 21, Design Specifications•User Guide, Chapter 18, Accessing Flowsheet Variables•User Guide, Chapter 22, Optimization
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 177 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Fortran Blocks• Allows user to write Fortran to be executed by Aspen Plus
• Simple Fortran can be translated by Aspen Plus and doesnot need to be compiled.
• A Fortran compiler must be present on the machine wherethe Aspen Plus engine is running to compile morecomplex Fortran code.
• Results of the execution of a Fortran block must beviewed by directly examining the values of the variablesmodified by the Fortran block.
• Located under /Data/Flowsheeting Options/Fortran
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 178 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Fortran Block ExampleUse of a Fortran block to set the pressure drop across aHeater block.
Pressure drop across heater is proportional to square ofvolumetric flow into heater.
Fortran BlockDELTA-P = -10-9 * V2
V
Filename: CUMENE-F.BKP
DELTA-P
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUT SEP
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 179 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Fortran Block Example (Continued)
• Which flowsheet variables must be accessed?
• When should the Fortran block be executed?
• Which variables are read and which are written?
» Volumetric flow of stream REAC-OUTThis can be accessed in two different ways:1. Mass flow and mass density of stream REAC-OUT2. A prop-set containing volumetric flow of a mixture
» Pressure drop across block COOL
» Before block COOL
» Volumetric flow is read» Pressure drop is written
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 180 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Uses of Fortran Blocks• Feed-forward control (setting flowsheet inputs based on
upstream calculated values)
• Calling external subroutines
• Input / output to and from external files
• Writing to Control Panel, History File, or Report File
• Custom reports
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 181 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Fortran Interpreter
• Aspen Plus will interpret in-line Fortran if it is possible.
• The following Fortran can be interpreted:Arithmetic expressions and assignment statementsIF statementsGOTO statements, except assigned GOTOWRITE statements that do not have unformatted text in themFORMAT statementsCONTINUE statementsDO loopsCalls to some built-in Fortran functionsREAL or INTEGER statements*DOUBLE PRECISION statements*DIMENSION statements** Enter on the Declaration sheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 182 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Built-In Fortran Functions
• Calls to some built-in Fortran functions:DABS DERF DMIN1 IDINTDACOS DEXP DMOD MAX0DASIN DFLOAT DSIN MIN0DATAN DGAMMA DSINH MODDATAN2 DLGAMA DSQRTDCOS DLOG DTANDCOSH DLOG10 DTANHDCOTAN DMAX1 IABS
• You can also use the equivalent single precision orgeneric function names. But, Aspen Plus alwaysperforms double precision calculations.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 183 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Statements Requiring Compilation
• The following statements require compilation:CALL LOGICALCHARACTER PARAMETERCOMMON PRINTCOMPLEX RETURNDATA READENTRY STOPEQUIVALENCE SUBROUTINEIMPLICIT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 184 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Fortran Blocks1. Access flowsheet variables to be used within Fortran
All flowsheet quantities that must be either read fromor written to, must be identified (Fortran Input Definesheet).
2. Write Fortran Includes both non-executable (COMMON,
EQUIVALENCE, etc) Fortran (Fortran InputDeclarations sheet) and executable Fortran (FortranInput Fortran sheet) to achieve desired result.
3. Specify location of Fortran block in execution sequence(Fortran Input Sequence sheet) Specify directly, or Specify with read and write variables
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 185 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes1. Only quantities that have been input to the flowsheet
should be overwritten.
2. The rules for writing In-Line Fortran are as follows:
a. The Fortran code must begin in column 7 or beyond.b. Comment lines must have the letter “C” or a “ ; ” in
the first column.c. Column two must be blank.
3. Variable names should not begin with lZ or ZZ.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 186 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes (Continued)
4. On the Fortran Input Sequence sheet, the preferred wayto specify where the Fortran block should be executed isto list the read and write variables.
5. When using the Fortran WRITE statement, you can usethe predefined unit number NTERM to write to the controlpanel. For example,
write(NTERM,*) flow
OR
write(NTERM,10) flow 10 format(‘Feed flowrate =‘,G12.5)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 187 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Fortran Workshop
In a methane reformer, hydrogen gas is produced by reacting methanewith water, generating carbon monoxide as a by-product. The reactiontaking place is the following:
The feed to the reformer consists of pure methane and water streams.These are mixed and heated prior to being fed to the reformer. Theconversion of methane is 99.5%, and the molar ratio of methane towater in the feed is 1:4.
Create a flowsheet as shown in the diagram on the following slide. Setup a Sensitivity block and plot a graph showing the variation of reactorduty as the methane flowrate in the feed is varied from 100 to 500lbmol/hr.
Note: The methane:water ratio in the feed must be maintainedconstant for each Sensitivity case. (Hint: This can beachieved using a Fortran Block.)
Objective: Use a Fortran Block to maintain the methane:waterratio in the feed to a reactor.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 188 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Fortran Workshop (Continued)
CH4 + H2O = 3 H2 + CO
Methane Water Hydrogen Carbon Monoxide
Temperature = 150 F
Pressure = 900 psia
Temperature = 70 F
Pressure = 15 psiaTemperature = 1100 F
Pressure = 850 psiaTemperature = 1450 F
Pressure Drop = 20 psi
CH4 conversion = 0.995
Use the Peng-Robinson Property Method
When finished, save asfilename: Fortran.BKP
MIXCH4
H2O
RXIN
REFORMER
RXOUT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 189 Introduction to Aspen Plus
190Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Windows Interoperability
Objective:
Introduce the use of windows interoperability to transferdata easily to and from other Windows programs.
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 37, Working with Other Windows Programs• User Guide, Chapter 38, Using the Aspen Plus ActiveX Automation
Server
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 191 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Windows Interoperability
• Copying and pasting simulation data into spreadsheetsor reports
• Copying and pasting flowsheet graphics and plots intoreports
• Creating active links between Aspen Plus and otherWindows applications
• OLE embedding
• ActiveX automation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 192 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Windows Interoperability - Examples• Copy simulation results such as column profiles and
stream results into Spreadsheet for further analysis Word processor for reports and documentation Design program Database for case storage and management
• Copy flowsheet graphics and plots into Word processor for reports Slide making program for presentations
• Copy tabular data from spreadsheets into Aspen Plusfor Data Regression, Data-Fit, etc.
• Copy plots or tables into the Process FlowsheetWindow.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 193 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Benefits of Windows Interoperability
• Benefits of Copy/Paste/Paste Link Live data links can be established that update these
applications as the process model is changed toautomatically propagate results of engineeringchanges.
The benefits to the engineer are quick and error-freedata transfer and consistent engineering resultsthroughout the engineering work process.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 194 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Copy and Paste
1. Select Select the data fields or the graphical objects.
Multiple fields of data or objects can be selected byholding down the CTRL key while clicking the mouseon the fields.
Columns of data can be selected by clicking thecolumn heading, or an entire grid can be selected byclicking on the top left cell.
2. Copy Choose Copy from the Edit menu or type CTRL-C.
3. Paste Click the mouse in the input field where you want the
information and choose Paste from the Edit menu orclick CTRL-V.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 195 Introduction to Aspen Plus
OLE Embedding
• What is OLE embedding? Applications can be used within applications.
• Uses of OLE embedding Aspen Plus as the OLE server: Aspen Plus
flowsheet graphics can be embedded into a reportdocument, or stream data into a CAD drawing. Thesimulation model is actually contained in thedocument, and could be delivered directly with thatdocument.
Aspen Plus as the OLE container: Other windowsapplications can be embedded within the AspenPlus simulation.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 196 Introduction to Aspen Plus
OLE Embedding (Continued)
• Examples of OLE embedding OLE server: If the recipient of an engineering report,
for example, wanted to review the modelassumptions, he could access and run theembedded Aspen Plus model directly from the reportdocument.
OLE container: For example, Excel spreadsheetsand plots could be used to enhance Aspen Plusflowsheet graphics.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 197 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Embedding Objects in the Flowsheet
• You can embed other applications as objects into theProcess Flowsheet window.
• You can do this in two ways: Using Copy and Paste Using the Insert dialog box
• You can edit the object embedded in the flowsheet bydouble clicking on the object to edit it inside Aspen Plus.
• You can also move, resize or attach the object to a blockor stream in the flowsheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 198 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Copy and Paste Workshop 1
• Use the Cyclohexane flowsheet workshop (saved asCYCLOHEX.BKP)
• Copy the temperature profile from COLUMN into aspreadsheet.
• Generate a plot of the temperature using the plot wizardand copy and paste the plot into the spreadsheet.
• Save the spreadsheet as CYCLOHEX-result.xls
Objective: Use copy and paste to copy and paste thestage temperatures into a spreadsheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 199 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Copy and Paste Workshop 2
• Use the Cyclohexane flowsheet workshop (saved asCYCLOHEX.BKP)
• Copy the stream results from stream RXIN into the inputform. Copy the compositions, the temperature and the
pressure separately.
Note: Reinitialize before running the simulation in order tosee how many iterations are needed before and after theestimate is added.
Objective: Use copy and paste to copy the streamresults to a stream input form.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 200 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Creating Active Links
• When copying and pasting information, you can createactive links between input or results fields in AspenPlus and other applications such as Word and Excel.
• The links update these applications as the processmodel is modified to automatically propagate results ofengineering changes.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 201 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Creating Active Links
1. Open both applications.
2. Select the data (or object) that you want to paste andlink.
3. Choose Copy from the Edit menu.
4. In the location where you want to paste the link, choosePaste Special from the Edit menu.
5. In the Paste Special dialog box, click the Paste Linkradio button.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 202 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Paste Link Demonstration
Objective: Create an active link from Aspen PlusResults into a spreadsheet.
• Start with the cumene flowsheet demonstration.
• Open a spreadsheet and create a cell with thetemperature for the cooler in it.
• Copy and paste the link into the Aspen Plus flowsheet.
• Copy and paste a link with the flow and composition ofcumene in the product stream into the spreadsheet.
• Change the temperature in the spreadsheet and thenrerun the flowsheet. Notice the changes.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 203 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Paste Link WorkshopObjective: Create an active link from Aspen Plus results
into a spreadsheet
• Use the Cyclohexane flowsheet workshop (saved asCYCLOHEX.BKP)
• Copy the Condenser and Reboiler duty results from theRadFrac COLUMN Summary sheet. Use Copy with Formatand copy the value, the label and the units.
• Paste the results into the CYCLOHEX-results.xls spreadsheetas a link. Use Paste Special and choose Link.
• Change the Reflux ratio in the column to 2 and rerun theflowsheet. Check the spreadsheet to see that the results havechanged there also. Notice that the temperature profile resultshave not changed since they were not pasted as a link.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 204 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Saving Files with Active Links
• Be sure to save both the link source file and the linkcontainer file.
• If you save the link source with a different name, youmust save the link container after saving the linksource.
• If you have active links in both directions between thetwo applications and you change the name of both files,you must do three Save operations: Save the first application with a new name. Save the second application with a new name. Save the first application again.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 205 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Running Files with Active Links
• When you open the link source file, there is nothingspecial that you need to do.
• When you open the link container file, you will usuallysee a dialog box asking you if you want to re-establishthe links. You can select Yes or No.
• To make a link source application visible: Select Links, from the Edit menu in Aspen Plus. In the Links dialog box, select the source file and
click Open Source.(Note: The Process Flowsheet must be the activewindow. Links is not an option on the Edit menu ifthe Data Browser is active.)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 206 Introduction to Aspen Plus
ActiveX Automation
• What is ActiveX automation? Other programs such as Visual Basic or C++ can be
used to control a simulation.
• Uses of ActiveX automation Visual Basic or C++ can be written to access and
control process models using a documentedinterface syntax.
Custom applications can be built on top of processmodels.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 207 Introduction to Aspen Plus
OLE Automation (Continued)
• Benefits of ActiveX automation A model developer in the Process Engineering
department could develop a customized Excelinterface to an Aspen Plus model for plant operators,using the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macrolanguage.
A customer might write a top-level C++ program that• pulls data from a process model• uses that data to automatically generate custom
spec sheets• populates a process engineering database• launches a third-party design program
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 208 Introduction to Aspen Plus
OLE Automation Demonstration
• Demonstration 1 Simple run and reinit button are used in the butanol
flowsheet. Files: butanol-demo.xls and butanol.bkp
• Demonstration 2 More elaborate Visual Basic code is used to create a
general heat exchanger spreadsheet that canaccess the heat exchangers in any Aspen Plusflowsheet.
Files: olespecsheet.xls and heatx2.bkp
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 209 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Visual Basic Examples
» Located in the APUI100\VBExample directory
• Open - open existing simulation• Run - changes a simulation parameter and re-runs the simulation• ListBlocks - retrieves a list of blocks and their attributes• Connectivity - displays a table showing flowsheet connectivity• GetCollection - illustrates use of a collection object• GetScalarValues - retrieves scalar variables from a block• TempProf - retrieves values for a non-scalar variable with one identifier• CompProf - retrieves values for a non-scalar variable with two identifiers• ReacCoeff - retrieves values for a non-scalar variable with three identifiers• UnitChange - shows changing the units of measurement of a variable• UnitConversion - retrieves a value both in the display units (psi) and
alternative units (atm)• UnitString - retrieves the units of measurement symbol for a variable
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 210 Introduction to Aspen Plus
211Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Heat Exchangers
Objective:
Introduce the unit operation models used for heatexchangers and heaters.
Aspen Plus References:• Unit Operation Models Reference Manual, Chapter 3,
Heat Exchangers
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 212 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heat Exchanger Blocks
• Heater - Heater or cooler
• HeatX - Two stream heat exchanger
• MHeatX - Multi-stream heat exchanger
• Hetran - Interface to B-JAC Hetran block
• Aerotran - Interface to B-JAC Aerotran block
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 213 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the Heater Model
The Heater block mixes multiple inlet streams to produce asingle outlet stream at a specified thermodynamic state.
Heater can be used to represent: Heaters Coolers Valves Pumps (when work-related results are not needed) Compressors (when work-related results are not
needed)
Heater can also be used to set the thermodynamic conditionsof a stream.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 214 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heater Input Specifications
Allowed combinations:
• Pressure (or Pressure drop) and one of: Outlet temperature Heat duty or inlet heat stream Vapor fraction Temperature change Degrees of subcooling or superheating
• Outlet Temperature or Temperature change and one of: Pressure Heat Duty Vapor fraction
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 215 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heater Input Specifications (Continued)
For single phase use Pressure (drop) and one of: Outlet temperature Heat duty or inlet heat stream Temperature change
Vapor fraction of 1 means dew point condition, 0 means bubble point
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 216 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heat Streams
• Any number of inlet heat streams can be specified for aHeater.
• One outlet heat stream can be specified for the net heatload from a Heater.
• The net heat load is the sum of the inlet heat streamsminus the actual (calculated) heat duty.
• If you give only one specification (temperature orpressure), Heater uses the sum of the inlet heatstreams as a duty specification.
• If you give two specifications, Heater uses the heatstreams only to calculate the net heat duty.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 217 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the HeatX Model
• HeatX can perform simplified or rigorous ratingcalculations.
• Simplified rating calculations (heat and materialbalance calculations) can be performed if exchangergeometry is unknown or unimportant.
• For rigorous heat transfer and pressure dropcalculations, the heat exchanger geometry must bespecified.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 218 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the HeatX Model (Continued)
HeatX can model shell-and-tube exchanger types: Counter-current and co-current Segmental baffle TEMA E, F, G, H, J and X shells Rod baffle TEMA E and F shells Bare and low-finned tubes
HeatX performs: Full zone analysis Heat transfer and pressure drop calculations Sensible heat, nucleate boiling, condensation
film coefficient calculations Built-in or user specified correlations
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 219 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the HeatX Model (Continued)
HeatX cannot:
• Perform design calculations
• Perform mechanical vibration analysis
• Estimate fouling factors
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 220 Introduction to Aspen Plus
HeatX Input Specifications
Select one of the following specifications:
• Heat transfer area or Geometry
• Exchanger duty
• For hot or cold outlet stream: Temperature Temperature change Temperature approach Degrees of superheating / subcooling Vapor fraction
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 221 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the MHeatX Model
• MHeatX can be used to represent heat transferbetween multiple hot and cold streams.
• Detailed, rigorous internal zone analysis can beperformed to determine pinch points.
• MHeatX uses multiple Heater blocks and heat streamsto enhance flowsheet convergence.
• Two-stream heat exchangers can also be modeledusing MHeatX.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 222 Introduction to Aspen Plus
HeatX versus Heater
Consider the following:
• Use HeatX when both sides are important.
• Use Heater when one side (e.g. the utility) is notimportant.
• Use two Heaters (coupled by heat stream, Fortranblock or design spec) or an MHeatX to avoid flowsheetcomplexity created by HeatX.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 223 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Two Heaters versus One HeatX
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 224 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with Hetran and Aerotran
• The Hetran block is the interface to the B-JAC Hetranprogram for designing and simulating shell and tubeheat exchangers.
• The Aerotran block is the interface to the B-JACAerotran program for designing and simulating air-cooled heat exchangers.
• Information related to the heat exchanger configurationand geometry is entered through the Hetran or Aerotranstandalone program interface.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 225 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heat Curves
All of the heat exchanger models are able to calculateHeat Curves (Hcurves).
Tables can be generated for various independentvariables (typically duty or temperature) for anyproperty that Aspen Plus can generate.
These tables can be printed, plotted, or exported for usewith other heat exchanger design software.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 226 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heat Curves Tabular Results
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 227 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Heat Curve Plot
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 228 Introduction to Aspen Plus
HeatX Workshop
• Hydrocarbon stream Temperature: 200 C Pressure: 4 bar Flowrate: 10000 kg/hr Composition: 50 wt% benzene, 20% styrene,
20% ethylbenzene and 10% water
• Cooling water Temperature: 20 C Pressure: 10 bar Flow rate: 60000 kg/hr Composition: 100% water
Objective: Compare the simulation of a heat exchangerthat uses water to cool a hydrocarbon mixture using threemethods: a shortcut HeatX, a rigorous HeatX and twoHeaters connected with a Heat stream.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 229 Introduction to Aspen Plus
HeatX Workshop (Continued)
RHEATX
RHOT-IN
RCLD-IN RCLD-OUT
RHOT-OUT
SHEATX
SHOT-IN
SCLD-IN SCLD-OUT
SHOT-OUT
HEATER-1
HCLD-IN
Q-TRANS
HCLD-OUT
HEATER-2
HHOT-IN HHOT-OUT
Use the NRTL-RK Property Method for the hydrocarbon streams.
Specify that the valid phases for the hydrocarbon stream is Vapor-Liquid-Liquid.
Specify that the Steam Tables are used to calculate the properties for the cooling water streams on the Block BlockOptions Properties sheet.
Start with the General with Metric Units Template.
When finished, save as filename: HEATX.BKP
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 230 Introduction to Aspen Plus
HeatX Workshop (Continued)
• Shortcut HeatX simulation: Hydrocarbon stream exit has a vapor fraction of 0 No pressure drop in either stream
• Two Heaters simulation: Use the same specifications as the shortcut HeatX simulation
• Rigorous HeatX simulation: Hydrocarbons in shell leave with a vapor fraction of 0 Shell diameter 1 m, 1 tube pass 300 bare tubes, 3 m length, pitch 31 mm, 21 mm ID, 25 mm OD All nozzles 100 mm 5 baffles, 15% cut Create heat curves containing all info required for thermal design. Change the heat exchanger specification to Geometry and re-run.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 231 Introduction to Aspen Plus
232Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Pressure Changers
Objective:
Introduce the unit operation models used to changepressure: pumps, compressors, and models forcalculating pressure change through pipes and valves.
Aspen Plus References:• Unit Operation Models Reference Manual, Chapter 6, Pressure
Changers
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 233 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pressure Changer Blocks
• Pump - Pump or hydraulic turbine
• Compr - Compressor or turbine
• MCompr - Multi-stage compressor or turbine
• Valve - Control valve
• Pipe - Single-segment pipe
• Pipeline - Multi-segment pipe
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 234 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the Pump Model
• The Pump block can be used to simulate: Pumps Hydraulic turbines
• Power requirement is calculated or input.
• A Heater model can be used for pressure changecalculations only.
• Pump is designed to handle a single liquid phase.
• Vapor-liquid or vapor-liquid-liquid calculations can bespecified to check outlet stream phases.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 235 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pump Performance Curves
• Rating can be done by specifying scalar parameters ora pump performance curve.
• Specify: Dimensional curves
• Head versus flow• Power versus flow
Dimensionless curves:• Head coefficient versus flow coefficient
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 236 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the Compr Model
• The Compr block can be used to simulate: Polytropic centrifugal compressor Polytropic positive displacement compressor Isentropic compressor Isentropic turbine
• MCompr is used for multi-stage compressors.
• Power requirement is calculated or input.
• A Heater model can be used for pressure changecalculations only.
• Compr is designed to handle both single and multiplephase calculations.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 237 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the MCompr Model
• The MCompr block can be used to simulate: Multi-stage polytropic centrifugal compressor Multi-stage polytropic positive displacement compressor Multi-stage isentropic compressor Multi-stage isentropic turbine
• MCompr can have an intercooler between each stage, andan aftercooler after the last stage. You can perform one-, two-, or three- phase flash
calculations in the intercoolers. Each cooler can have a liquid knockout stream, except
the cooler after the last stage. Intercooler specifications apply to all subsequent
coolers.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 238 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Compressor Performance Curves
• Rating can be done by specifying a compressorperformance curve.
• Specify: Dimensional curves
• Head versus flow• Power versus flow
Dimensionless curves:• Head coefficient versus flow coefficient
• Compr cannot handle performance curves for a turbine.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 239 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Work Streams
• Any number of inlet work streams can be specified forpumps and compressors.
• One outlet work stream can be specified for the network load from pumps or compressors.
• The net work load is the sum of the inlet work streamsminus the actual (calculated) work.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 240 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the Valve Model
• The Valve block can be used to simulate: Control valves Pressure drop
• The pressure drop across a valve is related to the valveflow coefficient.
• Flow is assumed to be adiabatic.
• Valve can perform single or multiple phase calculations.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 241 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the Valve Model (Continued)
• The effect of head loss from pipe fittings can be included.
• There are three types of calculations: Adiabatic flash for specified outlet pressure (pressure
changer) Calculate valve flow coefficient for specified outlet
pressure (design) Calculate outlet pressure for specified valve (rating)
• Valve can check for choked flow.
• Cavitation index can be calculated.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 242 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Working with the Pipe Model
• The Pipe block calculates the pressure drop and heattransfer in a single pipe segment.
• The Pipeline block can be used for a multiple-segmentpipe.
• Pipe can perform single or multiple phase calculations.
• If the inlet pressure is known, Pipe calculates the outletpressure.
• If the outlet pressure is known, Pipe calculates the inletpressure and updates the state variables of the inletstream.
• Entrance effects are not modeled.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 243 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pressure Changers Block ExampleAdd a Compressor and a Valve to the cumene flowsheet.
Filename: CUMENE-P.BKP
REACTOR
FEED
RECYCLE
REAC-OUT
COOL
COOL-OUTSEP
PRODUCT
COMPR
RECYCLE2
VALVE
RECYCLE3 Outlet Pressure = 3 psig
Polytropic compressor model using GPSA methodDischarge pressure = 5 psig
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 244 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pressure Changers Workshop
• Start with the Cyclohexane Workshop flowsheet(CYCLOHEX.BKP)
Objective: Add pressure changer unit operations to theCyclohexane flowsheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 245 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Pressure Changers Workshop (Continued)
FEED-MIX
H2IN
CHRCY3
H2RCY2
BZIN2
RXIN
REACT
RXOUTHP-SEP
LIQ
VAP
COLUMN
COLFD
LTENDS
PRODUCT
VFLOWH2RCY
PURGE
LFLOW
CHRCY
PUMPCHRCY2
PIPE
COMP
FEEDPUMP
BZIN
VALVE
PURGE2
When finished, save asfilename: PRESCHNG.BKP
Pump efficiency = 0.6Driver efficiency = 0.9
Performance CurveHead Flow[m] [cum/hr]40 20250 10300 5400 3
Carbon SteelSchedule 401-in diameter25-m length
26 bar outlet pressure
20 bar outlet pressureGlobe valveV810 equal percent flow1.5-in size
Isentropic4 bar pressure change
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 246 Introduction to Aspen Plus
247Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Flowsheet Convergence
Objective:
Introduce the idea of convergence blocks, tear streamsand flowsheet sequences
Aspen Plus References:•User Guide, Chapter 17, Convergence
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 248 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence Blocks• Every design specification and tear stream has an
associated convergence block.
• Convergence blocks determine how guesses for a tearstream or design specification manipulated variable areupdated from iteration to iteration.
• Aspen Plus-defined convergence block names begin withthe character “$.” User defined convergence block names must not begin
with the character “$.”
• To determine the convergence blocks defined by AspenPlus, look under the “Flowsheet Analysis” section in theControl Panel messages.
• User convergence blocks can be specified under/Data/Convergence/Convergence...
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 249 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence Block Types• Different types of convergence blocks are used for different
purposes:To converge tear streams:
• WEGSTEIN• DIRECT• BROYDEN• NEWTON
To converge design specifications:• SECANT• BROYDEN• NEWTON
To converge design specifications and tear streams:• BROYDEN• NEWTON
For optimization:• SQP• COMPLEX
• Global convergence options can be specified on the ConvergenceConvOptions Defaults form.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 250 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Flowsheet Sequence• To determine the flowsheet sequence calculated by
Aspen Plus, look under the “COMPUTATION ORDERFOR THE FLOWSHEET” section in the Control Panel, oron the left-hand pane of the Control Panel window.
• User-determined sequences can be specified on theConvergence Sequence form.
• User-specified sequences can be either full or partial.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 251 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Tear Streams• Which are the recycle streams?
• Which are the possible tear streams?
• A tear stream is one for which Aspen Plus makes an initialguess, and iteratively updates the guess until twoconsecutive guesses are within a specified tolerance.
• Tear streams are related to, but not the same as recyclestreams.
S1 S2 S3
S6
S4
S7
S5MIXER
B1
MIXER
B2
FSPLIT
B3
FSPLIT
B4
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 252 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Tear Streams (Continued)
• To determine the tear streams chosen by Aspen Plus,look under the “Flowsheet Analysis” section in the ControlPanel.
• User-determined tear streams can be specified on theConvergence Tear form.
• Providing estimates for tear streams can facilitate orspeed up flowsheet convergence (highly recommended,otherwise the default is zero).
• If you enter information for a stream that is in a “loop,”Aspen Plus will automatically try to choose that stream tobe a tear stream.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 253 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Reconciling Streams
• Simulation results for a stream can be copied onto theits input form.
• Select a stream on the flowsheet, click the right mousebutton and select “Reconcile” from the list to copystream results to the input form. Two state variables must be selected for the stream
flash calculation. Component flows, or component fractions and total
flow can be copied. Mole, mass, or standard liquid volume basis can be
selected.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 254 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence WorkshopObjective: Converge this flowsheet. Start with the file CONVERGE.BKP.
LIQ
VAPOR
FEED-HT
FEED
BOT
DIST
BOT-COOL
GLYCOL
COLUMN
PREHEATR
PREFLASH
T=165 FP=15 psia
100 lbmol/hr
XH20 = 0.4XMethanol = 0.3XEthanol = 0.3
Area = 65 sqft
DP=0Q=0
Theoretical Stages = 10Reflux Ratio = 5Distillate to Feed Ratio = 0.2
Feed Stage = 5Column Pressure = 1 atm
Total Condenser
Use NRTL-RK Property Method
T=70 FP=35 psia50 lbmol/hr Ethylene Glycol
When finished, save asfilename: CONV-R.BKP
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 255 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence Workshop (Continued)
Hints for Convergence Workshop:
Questions to ask yourself: What messages are displayed in the control panel? Why do some of the blocks show zero flow? What is the Aspen Plus-generated execution sequence for the
flowsheet? Which stream does Aspen Plus choose as a tear stream? What are other possible tear streams?
Recommendation: Give initial estimates for a tear stream. Of the three possible tear streams you could choose, which do
you know the most about? (Note: If you enter information for astream that is in a “loop,” Aspen Plus will automatically choosethat stream to be a tear stream and set up a convergence blockfor it.)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 256 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence Workshop (Continued)
Questions to ask yourself: Does the flowsheet converge after entering initial estimates for
the tear stream? If not, why not? (see control panel) How is the err/tol value behaving, and what is its value at the
end of the run? Does it appear that increasing the number of convergence
iterations will help? What else can be tried to improve this convergence?
Recommendation: Try a different convergence algorithm (e.g. Direct,Broyden, or Newton).
Note: You can either manually create a convergence block to convergethe tear stream of your choice, or you can change the defaultconvergence method for all tear streams on the ConvergenceConv Options Defaults Default Methods sheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 257 Introduction to Aspen Plus
258Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Full-Scale Plant Modeling Workshop
Objective:
Practice and apply many of the techniques used in thiscourse and learn how to best approach modelingprojects
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 259 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Full-Scale Plant Modeling WorkshopObjective: Model a methanol plant.
The process being modeled is a methanol plant. Thebasic feed streams to the plant are Natural Gas, CarbonDioxide (assumed to be taken from a nearby AmmoniaPlant) and Water. The aim is to achieve the methanolproduction rate of approximately 62,000 kg/hr, at a purityof at least 99.95 % wt.
This is a large flowsheet that would take an experiencedengineer more than an afternoon to complete. Startbuilding the flowsheet and think about how you wouldwork to complete the project.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 260 Introduction to Aspen Plus
General Guidelines• Build the flowsheet one section at a time.
• Simplify whenever possible. Complexity can always beadded later.
• Investigate the physical properties. Use Analysis. Check if binary parameters are available. Check for two liquid phases. Use an appropriate equation of state for the portions of
the flowsheet involving gases and use an activitycoefficient model for the sections where non-idealliquids may be present.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 261 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Full-Scale Plant Modeling Workshop
FURNACEFuel
Air
MEOHRXR
SPLIT1
MIX2
E121COOL4
FL3
SYNCOMP
FL1
FL2COOL1
COOL3COOL2
BOILERE122
CIRC
E124E223
FL4
SPLIT2
FL5
M4
MKWATER
TOPPINGREFINING
M2
SATURATE
FEEDHTR
REFORMER
NATGAS
H2OCIRC
MKUPST
CH4COMP
CO2 CO2COMP M1
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 262 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 1: Front-End Section
M2
SATURATE
FEEDHTR
REFORMER
NATGAS
H2OCIRC
MKUPST
CH4COMP
CO2CO2COMP
From Furnace
To BOILER
M1
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 263 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 1: Front-End Section (Continued)
1. Front-end Section
Carbon Dioxide Stream – CO2• Temperature = 43 C• Pressure = 1.4 bar• Flow = 24823 kg/hr• Mole Fraction
CO2 - 0.9253 H2 - 0.0094 H2O - 0.0606 CH4 - 0.0019 N2 - 0.0028
Natural Gas Stream - NATGAS• Temperature = 26 C• Pressure = 21.7 bar• Flow = 29952 kg/hr• Mole Fraction
CO2 - 0.0059 CH4 - 0.9539 N2 - 0.0008 C2H6 - 0.0391 C3H8 - 0.0003
Circulation Water - H2OCIRC• Pure water stream• Flow = 410000 kg/hr• Temperature = 195 C• Pressure = 26 bar
Makeup Steam - MKUPST• Stream of pure steam• Flow = 40000 kg/hr• Pressure = 26 bar• Vapor Fraction = 1• Adjust the makeup steam flow to achieve a
desired steam to methane molar ratio of 2.8 inthe Reformer feed REFFEED.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 264 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 1: Front-End Section (Continued)
Carbon Dioxide Compressor - CO2COMP• Discharge Pressure = 27.5 bar• Compressor Type = 2 stage
Natural Gas Compressor - CH4COMP• Discharge Pressure = 27.5 bar• Compressor Type = single stage
Reformer Process Side Feed Stream Pre-Heater - FEEDHTR• Exit Temperature = 560 C• Pressure drop = 0
Saturation Column - SATURATE• 1.5 inch metal pall ring packing.• Estimated HETP = 10 x 1.5 inches = 381 mm• Height of Packing = 15 meters• No condenser and no reboiler.
Reformer Reactor - REFORMER• Consists of two parts: the Furnace portion and the Steam Reforming portion• Exit Temperature of the Steam Reforming portion = 860 C• Pressure = 18 bar
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 265 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 1: Front-End Section Check
Reformer ProductTemperature C 860Pressure bar 18Vapor Frac 1Mole Flow kmol/hr 10266.6541Mass Flow kg/hr 139696.964Volume Flow cum/hr 53937.9538Enthalpy MMkcal/hr -213.933793Mole Flow kmol/hr CO 1381.68394 CO2 751.335833 H2 4882.77068 WATER 2989.25863 METHANOL 0.000686384 METHANE 258.513276 NITROGEN 3.08402321 BUTANOL 0 DME (DIMETHYLETHER) 2.06E-10 ACETONE 2.18E-08 OXYGEN 1.80E-15 ETHANE 0.007007476 PROPANE 6.74097E-07
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 266 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 2: Heat Recovery Section
COOL4
FL3
SYNCOMP
FL1
FL2
COOL1
COOL3COOL2
BOILER
To TOPPINGTo REFINING
To Methanol Loop
From Reformer
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 267 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 2: Heat Recovery Section (Continued)
2. Heat Recovery Section
• This section consists of a series of heat exchangers and flash vessels used to recover the availableenergy and water in the Reformed Gas stream.
BOILER• Exit temperature = 166 C• Exit Pressure= 18 bar
COOL1• Exit temperature = 136 C• Exit Pressure = 18 bar
COOL2• Exit temperature = 104 C• Exit Pressure = 17.9 bar
COOL3• Exit temperature = 85 C• Pressure Drop = 0.1 bar
COOL4• Exit temperature = 40 C• Exit Pressure = 17.6 bar
FL1• Pressure Drop = 0 bar• Heat Duty = 0 MMkcal/hr
FL2• Exit Pressure = 17.7 bar• Heat Duty = 0 MMkcal/hr
FL3• Exit Pressure = 17.4 bar• Heat Duty = 0 MMkcal/hr
SYNCOM• Two Stage Polytropic compressor• Discharge Pressure = 82.5 bar• Intercooler Exit Temperature = 40 C
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 268 Introduction to Aspen Plus
To Methanol LoopTemperature C 40.0Pressure bar 82.50Vapor Frac 0.997465769Mole Flow kmol/hr 7302.28917
Part 2: Heat Recovery Section Check
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 269 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 3: Methanol Synthesis Section
MEOHRXR
SPLIT1
MIX2
E121
From SYNCOMP
E122
CIRC
E124E223
FL4
SPLIT2
To Furnace
To FL5
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 270 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 3: Methanol Synthesis Section (Continued)
3. Methanol Synthesis Loop Section
Methanol Reactor - MEOHRXR• Tube cooled reactor• Exit Temperature from the tubes = 240 C• No pressure drop across the reactor• Reactions
− CO + H2O <-> CO2 + H2 (Equilibrium)− CO2 + 3H2 <-> CH3OH + H2O (+15 C Temperature Approach)− 2CH3OH <-> DIMETHYLETHER + H2O (Molar extent 0.2kmol/hr)− 4CO + 8H2 <-> N-BUTANOL + 3H2O (Molar extent 0.8kmol/hr)− 3CO + 5H2 <-> ACETONE + 2H2O (Molar extent 0.3kmol/hr)
E121• Exit Temperature - 150 C• Exit Pressure - 81 bar
E122• Cold Side Exit Temperature - 120 C
E223• Exit Temperature - 60 C• Exit Pressure - 77.3 bar
E124• Exit Temperature - 45 C• Exit Pressure - 75.6 bar
FL4• Exit Pressure = 75.6 bar• Heat Duty = 0 MMkcal/hr
CIRC• Single stage compressor• Discharge Pressure = 83 bar• Discharge Temperature = 55 C
SPLIT1• Split Fraction = 0.8 to stream to E121
SPLIT2• Stream PURGE = 9000 kg/hr• Stream RECYCLE = 326800 kg/hr
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 271 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 3: Methanol Synthesis Section Check
To FL5Temperature C 45.0Pressure bar 75.60Vapor Frac 0.000Mole Flow kmol/hr 2673.354
MEOHRXR ProductTemperature C 249.7Pressure bar 83.00Vapor Frac 1.000Mole Flow kmol/hr 29091.739Mass Flow kg/hr 413083.791Volume Flow cum/hr 15637.807Enthalpy MMkcal/hr -559.129Mole Flow kmol/hr CO 799.563 CO2 3137.144 H2 13379.353 WATER 644.301 METHANOL 2140.046 METHANE 8896.430 NITROGEN 91.428 BUTANOL 0.845 DME 1.864 ACETONE 0.588 OXYGEN 0.000 ETHANE 0.177 PROPANE 0.000
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 272 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 4: Distillation Section
FL5
M4
MKWATER
TOPPING
REFINING
From COOL2
To Furnace
From COOL1
From FL4
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 273 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 4: Distillation Section (Continued)
4. Distillation Section
Makeup Steam - MKWATER• Stream of pure water• Flow = 10000 kg/hr• Pressure = 5 bar• Temperature = 40 C• Adjust the make-up water flow (stream MKWATER) to the CRUDE stream to achieve a stream
composition of 23 wt.% of water in the stream feeding the Topping column (stream TOPFEED) toachieve 100 ppm methanol in the Refining column BTMS stream.
Topping Column - TOPPING• Number of Stages = 51 (including condenser and reboiler)• Condenser Type = Partial Vapor/Liquid• Feed stage = 14• Distillate has both liquid and vapor streams• Distillate rate = 1400 kg/hr• Pressure profile: stage 1 = 1.5 bar and stage 51 = 1.8 bar• Distillate vapor fraction = 99 mol%• Stage 2 heat duty = -7 Mmkcal/hr• Stage 51 heat duty Specified by the heat stream• Reboiler heat duty is provided via a heat stream from block COOL2• Boil-up Ratio is approximately 0.52• Valve trays• The column has two condensers. To represent the liquid flow connections a pumparound can be
used between stage 1 and 3.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 274 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 4: Distillation Section (Continued)
Distillation Section (Continued)
Refining Column - REFINING• Number of Stages = 95 (including condenser and reboiler)• Condenser Type = Total• Distillate Rate = 1 kg/hr• Feed stage = 60• Liquid Product sidedraw from Stage 4 @ 62000 kg/hr (Stream name – PRODUCT)• Liquid Product sidedraw from Stage 83 @ 550 kg/hr (Stream name – FUSELOIL)• Reflux rate = 188765 kg/hr• Pressure profile: stage 1= 1.5bar and stage 95=2bar• Reboiler heat duty is provided via a conventional reboiler supplemented by a heat stream from a
heater block to stage 95• Boil-up Ratio is approximately 4.8• Valve trays• To meet environmental regulations, the bottoms stream must contain no more than 100ppm by
weight of methanol as this stream is to be dumped to a nearby river.
FL5• Exit Pressure 5 bar• Heat Duty 0 MMkcal/hr
M4• For water addition to the crude methanol
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 275 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 4: Distillation Section Check
TOPFEED LTENDS SECPURGE REFINE PRODUCT BTMS LIQPURGE FUSELOILTemperature C 43.8 33.1 33.1 85.8 75.1 120.1 74.8 90.4Pressure bar 5.00 1.50 1.50 1.80 1.52 2.00 1.50 1.95Vapor Frac 0.001 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Mole Flow kmol/hr 3029.767 33.807 0.341 2995.618 1928.736 1047.117 0.031 19.733Mass Flow kg/hr 82623.475 1388.896 11.104 81223.475 61800.974 18871.500 1.000 550.000Volume Flow cum/hr 111.175 573.782 0.014 107.201 83.975 21.058 0.001 0.722Enthalpy MMkcal/hr -186.388 -2.802 -0.020 -178.587 -107.391 -69.633 -0.002 -1.199Mole Flow kmol/hr CO 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 CO2 26.537 26.535 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 H2 0.014 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 WATER 1054.851 0.000 0.000 1054.851 0.000 1046.942 0.000 7.910 METHANOL 1945.891 5.591 0.334 1939.966 1928.733 0.059 0.031 11.143 METHANE 1.267 1.267 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 NITROGEN 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 BUTANOL 0.798 0.000 0.000 0.798 0.000 0.117 0.000 0.681 DME 0.116 0.116 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ACETONE 0.285 0.276 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 OXYGEN 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ETHANE 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 PROPANE 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 276 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 5: Furnace Section
FURNACE
Fuel
Air
From FL5
From SPLIT2
To REFORMER
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 277 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Part 5: Furnace Section (Continued)
5. Furnace Section
Air to Furnace - AIR• Temperature = 366 C• Pressure = 1 atm• Flow = 281946 kg/hr• Adjust the air flow to achieve 2%(vol.) of oxygen in the FLUEGAS stream.
Fuel to Furnace - FUEL• Flow = 9436 kg/hr• Conditions and composition are the same as for the natural gas stream
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 278 Introduction to Aspen Plus
279Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Additional Topics
280Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Maintaining Aspen Plus Simulations
Objective:
Introduce how to store simulations and retrieve themfrom your computer environment
Aspen Plus References: • User Guide, Chapter 15, Managing Your Files
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 281 Introduction to Aspen Plus
File Formats in Aspen Plus
File Type Extension Format DescriptionDocument *.apw Binary File containing simulation input and results and
intermediate convergence information
Backup *.bkp ASCII Archive file containing simulation input andresults
Template *.apt ASCII Template containing default inputs
Input *.inp Text Simulation input
Run Message *.cpm Text Calculation history shown in the Control Panel
History *.his Text Detailed calculation history and diagnosticmessages
Summary *.sum ASCII Simulation results
ProblemDefinition
*.appdf Binary File containing arrays and intermediateconvergence information used in the simulationcalculations
Report *.rep Text Simulation report
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 282 Introduction to Aspen Plus
File Type Characteristics
• Binary files Operating system and version specific Not readable, not printable
• ASCII files Transferable between operating systems Upwardly compatible Contain no control characters, “readable” Not intended to be printed
• Text files Transferable between operating systems Upwardly compatible Readable, can be edited Intended to be printed
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 283 Introduction to Aspen Plus
How to Store a Simulation
Three ways to store simulations:
Document Backup Input(*.apw) (*.bkp) (*.inp)
Simulation definition Yes Yes YesConvergence info Yes No NoResults Yes Yes NoFlowsheet Graphics Yes Yes Yes/NoUser readable No No YesOpen/save speed High Low LowestSpace requirements High Low Lowest
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 284 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Template Files
Template files are used to set your personal preferences:• Units of measurement• Property sets for stream reports• Composition basis• Stream report format• Global flow basis for input specifications• Setting Free-Water option• Selection for Stream-Class• Property Method• (Required) Component list• Other application-specific defaults
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 285 Introduction to Aspen Plus
How to Create a Personal Template
• Any flowsheet (complete or incomplete) can be savedas a template file.
• In order to have a personal template appear on thePersonal sheet of the New dialog box, simply put thetemplate file into the AP101\GUI\Templates\Personalfolder.
• The text on the Setup Specifications Description sheetwill appear in the Preview window when the templatefile is selected in the New dialog box.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 286 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Maintaining Your Computer
• Aspen Plus 10 runs best on a healthy computer.
• Minimum RAM
• Having more is better -- if near minimum, avoid runningtoo many other programs along with Aspen Plus.
• Active links increase needed RAM.
GUI only GUI andEngine
Win 95 andWin 98
32 MB 64 MB
Windows NT 64 MB 96 MB
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 287 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Maintaining Your Hard Disk
• Keep plenty of free space on disk used for: Your Aspen working directory Windows swap files
• Delete unneeded files: Old .appdf, .his, etc. Aspen document files (*.apw) that aren’t active Aspen temporary files (_4404ydj.appdf, for example)
• Defragment regularly (once a week), even if Windowssays you don’t need to -- make the free spacecontiguous.
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289Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Customizing the Look of Your Flowsheet
Objective:Introduce several ways of annotating your flowsheet tocreate informative Process Flow Diagrams
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 14, Annotating Process Flowsheets
Related Topics:• User Guide, Chapter 37, Working with Other Windows Programs
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 290 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Customizing the Process Flow Diagram• Add annotations
Text Graphics Tables
• Add OLE objects Add a titlebox Add plots or diagrams
• Display global data Stream flowrate, pressure and temperature Heat stream duty and work stream power Block duty and power
• Use PFD mode Change flowsheet connectivity
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 291 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Viewing
• Use the View menu to select the elements that you wishto view: PFD Mode Global Data Annotation OLE Objects
• All of the elements can be turned on and offindependently.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 292 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Adding Annotation
• Use the Draw Toolbar to add text and graphics. (SelectToolbar… from the View menu to select the DrawToolbar if it is not visible.)
• To create a stream table, click on the Stream Tablebutton on the Results Summary Streams Materialsheet.
• Annotation objects can be attached to flowsheetelements such as streams or blocks.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 293 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Example of a Stream Table
Heat and Material Balance Table
Stream ID COOL-OUT FEED PRODUCT REAC-OUT RECYCLE
Temperature F 130.0 220.0 130.1 854.7 130.1
Pressure PSI 14.60 36.00 14.70 14.70 14.70
Vapor Frac 0.054 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000
Mole Flow LBMOL/HR 44.342 80.000 41.983 44.342 2.359
Mass Flow LB/HR 4914.202 4807.771 4807.772 4914.202 106.431
Volume Flow CUFT/HR 1110.521 15648.095 93.470 42338.408 1003.782
Enthalpy MMBTU/HR -0.490 1.980 -0.513 2.003 0.023
Mole Flow LBMOL/HR
BENZENE 2.033 40.000 1.983 2.033 0.050
PROPYLEN 4.224 40.000 1.983 4.224 2.241
CUMENE 38.085 38.017 38.085 0.069
Mole Frac
BENZENE 0.046 0.500 0.047 0.046 0.021
PROPYLEN 0.095 0.500 0.047 0.095 0.950
CUMENE 0.859 0.906 0.859 0.029
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 294 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Adding Global Data
• On the Results View sheet when selecting Options fromthe Tools menu, choose the block and stream resultsthat you want displayed as Global Data.
• Check Global Data on the View menu to display thedata on the flowsheet.
Temperature (F)
Pressure (psi)
Flow Rate (lb/hr)
Q Duty (Btu/hr)
REACTOR
Q=0
220
36
4808
FEED
130
15
106
RECYCLE
855
15
4914
REAC-OUT
COOL
Q=-2492499
130
15
4914
COOL-OUT SEP
Q=0
130
15
4808
PRODUCT
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 295 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Using PFD Mode
• In this mode, you can add or delete unit operation iconsto the flowsheet for graphical purposes only.
• Using PFD mode means that you can change flowsheetconnectivity to match that of your plant.
• PFD-style drawing is completely separate from thegraphical simulation flowsheet. You must return tosimulation mode if you want to make a change to theactual simulation flowsheet.
• PFD Mode is indicated by the Aqua border around theflowsheet.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 296 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Examples of When to Use PFD Mode
• In the simulation flowsheet, it may be necessary to usemore than one unit operation block to model a singlepiece of equipment in a plant. For example, a reactor with a liquid product and a vent may
need to be modeled using an RStoic reactor and a Flash2block. In the report, only one unit operation icon is needed torepresent the unit in the plant.
• On the other hand, some pieces of equipment may notneed to be explicitly modeled in the simulationflowsheet. For example, pumps are frequently not modeled in the
simulation flowsheet; the pressure change can be neglected orincluded in another unit operation block.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 297 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Annotation Workshop
Part A:
Using the cyclohexane production Workshop (saved asCYCLOHEX.BKP), display all stream and block global data.
Part B:
Add a title to the flowsheet diagram.
Part C:
Add a stream table to the flowsheet diagram.
Part D:
Using PFD Mode, add a pump for the BZIN stream for graphicalpurposes only.
Objective: Use annotation to create a process flow diagramfor the cyclohexane flowsheet
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 298 Introduction to Aspen Plus
299Introduction to Aspen Plus
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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Estimation of Physical Properties
Objectives:
Provide an overview of estimating physical propertyparameters in Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 30, Estimating Property Parameters• Physical Property Methods and Models Reference Manual,
Chapter 8, Property Parameter Estimation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 300 Introduction to Aspen Plus
What is Property Estimation?• Property Estimation is a system to estimate parameters
required by physical property models. It can be used toestimate: Pure component physical property constants Parameters for temperature-dependent models Binary interaction parameters for Wilson, NRTL and
UNIQUAC Group parameters for UNIFAC
• Estimations are based on group-contribution methods andcorresponding-states correlations.
• Experimental data can be incorporated into estimation.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 301 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Using Property Estimation• Property Estimation can be used in two ways:
On a stand-alone basis: Property Estimation Run Type Within another Run Type: Flowsheet, Property
Analysis, Data Regression, PROPERTIES PLUS orAssay Data Analysis
• You can use Property Estimation to estimate properties forboth databank and non-databank components.
• Property Estimation information is accessed in theProperties Estimation folder.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 302 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Estimation Methods and Requirements• User Guide, Chapter 30, Estimating Property Parameters,
has a complete list of properties that can be estimated, aswell as the available estimation methods and theirrespective requirements.
• This same information is also available under the on-linehelp in the estimation forms.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 303 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps For Using Property Estimation
1. Define molecular structure on the Properties MolecularStructure form.
2. Enter any experimental data using Parameters or Dataforms. Experimental data such as normal boiling point (TB)
is very important for many estimation methods. Itshould be entered whenever possible.
3. Activate Property Estimation and choose propertyestimation options on the Properties Estimation Inputform.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 304 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Defining Molecular Structure
• Molecular structure is required for all group-contributionmethods used in Property Estimation. You can: Define molecular structure in the general format and
allow Aspen Plus to determine functional groups,or Define molecular structure in terms of functional
groups for particular methods
Reference: For a list of available group-contribution method functionalgroups, see Aspen Plus Physical Property Data Reference Manual,Chapter 3, Group Contribution Method Functional Groups.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 305 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps For Defining General Structure1. Sketch the structure of the molecule on paper.2. Assign a number to each atom, omitting hydrogen.
(The numbers must be consecutive starting with 1.)3. Go to the Properties Molecular Structure Object
Manager, choose the component, and select Edit.4. On the Molecular Structure General sheet, define the
molecule by its connectivity. Describe two atoms at atime:• Specify the types of atoms (C, O, S, …)• Specify the type of bond that connects the two atoms
(single, double, …)
Note: If the molecule is a non-databank component, on theComponents Specifications form, enter a Component ID,but do not enter a Component name or Formula.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 306 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Example of Defining Molecular Structure• Example of defining molecular structure for isobutyl
alcohol using the general method Sketch the structure of the molecule, and assign a
number to each atom, omitting hydrogen.
C2
C1
C4
C3
O5
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 307 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Example of Defining Molecular Structure• Go to the Properties Molecular Structure Object Manager,
choose the component, and select Edit.• On Properties Molecular Structure General sheet,
describe molecule by its connectivity, two atoms at a time.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 308 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Atom Types• Current available atom types:
Atom Type Description Atom Type DescriptionC Carbon P PhosphorousO Oxygen Zn ZincN Nitrogen Ga GalliumS Sulfur Ge GermaniumB Boron As ArsenicSi Silicon Cd CadmiumF Fluorine Sn TinCL Chlorine Sb AntimonyBr Bromine Hg MercuryI Iodine Pb LeadAl Aluminum Bi Bismuth
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 309 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Bond Types• Current available bond types:
Single bond Double bond Triple bond Benzene ring Saturated 5-membered ring Saturated 6-membered ring Saturated 7-membered ring Saturated hydrocarbon chain
Note: You must assign consecutive atom numbers toBenzene ring, Saturated 5-membered ring, Saturated 6-membered ring, Saturated 7-membered ring, andSaturated hydrocarbon chain bonds.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 310 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps For Using Property Estimation
1. Define molecular structure on the Properties Molecular Structure form.
2. Enter any experimental data using Parameters or Dataforms. Experimental data such as normal boiling point (TB) is
very important for many estimation methods. It shouldbe entered whenever possible.
3. Activate Property Estimation and choose property estimation options on the Properties Estimation Inputform.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 311 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Example of Entering Additional Data• The following data was obtained for isobutyl alcohol.
Normal boiling point (TB) = 107.6 C Critical temperature (TC) = 274.6 C Critical pressure (PC) = 43 bar
• Enter this data into the simulation to improve theestimated values.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 312 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Example of Entering Additional Data• Go to the Properties Parameters Pure Component Object
Manager and create a new Scalar parameter form.• Enter the parameters, the components, and the values.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 313 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps For Using Property Estimation
1. Define molecular structure on the Properties Molecular Structure form.
2. Enter any experimental data using Parameters or Dataforms. Experimental data such as normal boiling point (TB) is
very important for many estimation methods. It shouldbe entered whenever possible.
3. Activate Property Estimation and choose property estimation options on the Properties Estimation Inputform.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 314 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Activating Property Estimation• To turn on Property Estimation, go to the Properties
Estimation Input Setup sheet, and select one of thefollowing:
Estimate all missing parametersEstimates all missing required parameters and anyparameters you may request in the optional PureComponent, T-Dependent, Binary, and UNIFAC-Groupsheets
Estimate only the selected parametersEstimates on the parameter types you select on thissheet (and then specify on the appropriate additionalsheets)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 315 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Estimation Notes• You can save your property data specifications,
structures, and estimates as backup files, and importthem into other simulations (Flowsheet, Data Regression,Property Analysis, or Assay Data Analysis Run-Types.)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 316 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Estimation WorkshopObjective: Estimate the properties of a dimer,ethycellosolve.
Ethylcellosolve is not in any of the Aspen Plus databanks.
Use a Run Type of Property Estimation, and estimate the properties forthe new component. (Detailed instructions are included on the followingslide.)
The formula for the component is shown below, along with the normalboiling point obtained from literature.
Formula: CH3 - CH2 - O - CH2 - CH2 - O - CH2 - CH2 - OH
TB = 195 C
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 317 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Property Estimation Workshop (Continued)
• Open a new run, and change the Run Type on the SetupSpecifications Global sheet to Property Estimation.
• Enter a new non-databank component as Component ID DIMER, onthe Components Specifications Selection sheet.
• On the Properties Molecular Structure Object Manager, select DIMERand click Edit.
• On the General sheet, enter the structure.• Go to the Properties Parameters Pure Component Object Manager
and create a scalar parameter form.• Enter the normal boiling point (TB) of DIMER as 195 C.• Run the estimation, and examine the results.• Note that the results of the estimation are automatically written to
parameters forms, for use in other simulations.• Change the Run Type back to Flowsheet on the Setup Specifications
Global sheet.• Go to the Properties Estimation Input Setup sheet, and choose Do
not estimate any parameters.• Now, it is possible to add a flowsheet and use this component.
• Save this file as PCES.BKP.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 318 Introduction to Aspen Plus
319Introduction to Aspen Plus
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©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Electrolytes
Objective:
Introduce the electrolyte capabilities in Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus References:•User Guide, Chapter 6, Specifying Components•Physical Property Methods and Models Reference Manual,
Chapter 5, Electrolyte Simulation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 320 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Electrolytes Examples
• Solutions with acids, bases or salts
• Sour water solutions
• Aqueous amines or hot carbonate for gas sweetening
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 321 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Characteristics of an Electrolyte System
• Some molecular species dissociate partially orcompletely into ions in a liquid solvent
• Liquid phase reactions are always at chemicalequilibrium
• Presence of ions in the liquid phase requires non-idealsolution thermodynamics
• Possible salt precipitation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 322 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Types of Components
• Solvents - Standard molecular species Water Methanol Acetic Acid
• Soluble Gases - Henry’s Law components Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 323 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Types of Components (Continued)
• Ions - Species with a charge H3O+
OH-
Na+
Cl-
Fe(CN)63-
• Salts - Each precipitated salt is a new pure component. NaCl(s) CaCO3(s) CaSO4•2H2O (gypsum) Na2CO3•NaHCO3 •2H2O (trona)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 324 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Apparent and True Components
• True component approach Result reported in terms of the ions, salts and
molecular species present after considering solutionchemistry
• Apparent component approach Results reported in terms of base components
present before considering solution chemistry Ions and precipitated salts cannot be apparent
components Specifications must be made in terms of apparent
components and not in terms of ions or solid salts
» Results are equivalent.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 325 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Apparent and True Components Example
• NaCl in water
Solution chemistry• NaCl --> Na+ + Cl-• Na+ + Cl- <--> NaCl(s)
Apparent components• H2O, NaCl
True components:• H2O, Na+, Cl-, NaCl(s)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 326 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Electrolyte Wizard
• Generates new components (ions and solid salts)
• Revises the Pure component databank search order sothat the first databank searched is now ASPENPCD.
• Generates reactions among components
• Sets the Property method to ELECNRTL
• Creates a Henry’s Component list
• Retrieves parameters for Reaction equilibrium constant values Salt solubility parameters ELECNRTL interaction parameters Henry’s constant correlation parameters
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 327 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Electrolyte Wizard (Continued)
• Generated chemistry can be modified. Simplifying theChemistry can make the simulation more robust anddecrease execution time.
» Note: It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that theChemistry is representative of the actual chemicalsystem.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 328 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Simplifying the Chemistry
• Typical modifications include: Adding to the list of Henry’s components Eliminating irrelevant salt precipitation reactions Eliminating irrelevant species Adding species and/or reactions that are not in the
electrolytes expert system database Eliminating irrelevant equilibrium reactions
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 329 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Limitations of Electrolytes
• Restrictions using the True component approach: Liquid-liquid equilibrium cannot be calculated.
The following models may not be used:• Equilibrium reactors: RGibbs and REquil
• Kinetic reactors: RPlug, RCSTR, and RBatch• Shortcut distillation: Distl, DSTWU and SCFrac
• Rigorous distillation: MultiFrac and PetroFrac
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 330 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Limitations of Electrolytes (Continued)
• Restrictions using the Apparent component approach:
Chemistry may not contain any volatile species onthe right side of the reactions.
Chemistry for liquid-liquid equilibrium may notcontain dissociation reactions.
Input specification cannot be in terms of ions or solidsalts.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 331 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Electrolyte DemonstrationObjective: Create a flowsheet using electrolytes.
Create a simple flowsheet to mix and flash two feed streams containingaqueous electrolytes. Use the Electrolyte Wizard to generate theChemistry.
FLASH2
FLASHMIXED
VAPOR
LIQUID
MIXER
MIXNAOH
HCL
Temp = 25 CPres = 1 bar10 kmol/hr H2O1 kmol/hr HCl
P-drop = 0Adiabatic
IsobaricMolar vapor fraction = 0.75
Filename: ELEC1.BKP
Temp = 25 CPres = 1 bar10 kmol/hr H2O1.1 kmol/hr NaOH
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 332 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Electrolytes1. Specify the possible apparent components on the
Components Specifications Selection sheet.
2. Click on the Elec Wizard button to generate componentsand reactions for electrolyte systems. There are 4 steps: Step 1: Define base components and select reaction
generation options. Step 2: Remove any undesired species or reactions from
the generated list. Step 3: Select simulation approach for electrolyte
calculations. Step 4: Review physical properties specifications and
modify the generated Henry components list and reactions.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 333 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Electrolyte WorkshopObjective: Create a flowsheet using electrolytes.
Create a simple flowsheet to model the treatment of a sulfuric acidwaste water stream using lime (Calcium Hydroxide). Use the ElectrolyteWizard to generate the Chemistry. Use the true component approach.
B1
WASTEWAT
LIME LIQUID
Temperature = 25CPressure = 1 bar
Flowrate = 10 kmol/hr5 mole% lime (calcium hydroxide) solution
Temperature = 25CPressure = 1 bar
Flowrate = 10 kmol/hr5 mole% sulfuric acid solution
Temperature = 25CP-drop = 0
Note: Remove from the chemistry:CaSO4(s)
CaSO4•1:2W:A(s)
When finished, save asfilename: ELEC.BKP
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 334 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sour Water Stripper Workshop
On stage 10P = 15 psiaVapor frac = 12,000 lbs/hr
Above stage 3P = 15 psia10,000 lbs/hr
Mass fractions: H2O 0.997 NH3 0.001 H2S 0.001 CO2 0.001
Saturated vapor
Theoretical trays: 9 (does not include condenser)Partial condenserReflux Ratio (Molar): 25No reboiler
B1
SOURWAT
STEAM
BOTTOMS
VAPOR
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 335 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sour Water Stripper Workshop (Continued)
1. Open a new Electrolytes with English units flowsheet.2. After drawing the flowsheet and entering the necessary components, generate the electrolytes using the Electrolytes Wizard. Select the apparent approach and remove all solid salts used in the generated reactions.
Question: Why aren’t the ionic species’ compositions displayed on the results forms? How can they be added?
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 336 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sour Water Stripper Workshop (Continued)
3. Add a sensitivity analysis a) Vary the steam flow rate and tabulate the ammonia concentration in the bottoms stream. The target is 50 ppm. b) Vary the column reflux ratio and observe the condenser temperature. The target is 190 F.4. Create design specifications a) After hiding the sensitivity blocks, solve the column with two design specifications. Use the targets and variables from part 3.
Save as: SOURWAT.BKP
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 337 Introduction to Aspen Plus
338Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
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True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Solids Handling
Objective:
Provide an overview of the solid handling capabilities
Aspen Plus References:• User Guide, Chapter 6, Specifying Components• Physical Property Methods and Models Reference Manual,
Chapter 3, Property Model Descriptions
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 339 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Classes of Components
• Conventional Components Vapor and liquid components Solid salts in solution chemistry
• Conventional Inert Solids (CI Solids) Solids that are inert to phase equilibrium and salt
precipitation/solubility
• Nonconventional Solids (NC Solids) Heterogeneous substances inert to phase, salt, and
chemical equilibrium that cannot be represented witha molecular structure
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 340 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Specifying Component Type
• When specifying components on the ComponentsSpecifications Selection sheet, choose the appropriatecomponent type in the Type column. Conventional - Conventional Components Solid - Conventional Inert Solids Nonconventional - Nonconventional Solids
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 341 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Conventional Components
• Components participate in vapor and liquid equilibriumalong with salt and chemical equilibrium.
• Components have a molecular weight.
ð e.g. water, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium chloride, sodiumions, chloride ions
ð Located in the MIXED substream
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 342 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Conventional Inert Solids (CI Solids)
• Components are inert to phase equilibrium and saltprecipitation/solubility.
• Chemical equilibrium and reaction with conventionalcomponents is possible.
• Components have a molecular weight.
ð e.g. carbon, sulfur
ð Located in the CISOLID substream
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 343 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Nonconventional Solids (NC Solids)
• Components are inert to phase, salt or chemicalequilibrium.
• Chemical reaction with conventional and CI Solidcomponents is possible.
• Components are heterogeneous substances and do nothave a molecular weight.
ðe.g. coal, char, ash, wood pulp
ðLocated in the NC Solid substream
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 344 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Component Attributes
• Component attributes typically represent thecomposition of a component in terms of some set ofidentifiable constituents
• Component attributes can be Assigned by the user Initialized in streams Modified in unit operation models
• Component attributes are carried in the material stream.
• Properties of nonconventional components arecalculated by the physical property system usingcomponent attributes.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 345 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Component Attribute DescriptionsAttribute Type Elements DescriptionPROXANAL 1. Moisture
2. Fixed Carbon3. Volatile Matter4. Ash
Proximate analysis, weight %drybasis
ULTANAL 1. Ash2. Carbon3. Hydrogen4. Nitrogen5. Chlorine6. Sulfur7. Oxygen
Ultimate analysis, weight % drybasis
SULFANAL 1. Pyritic2. Sulfate3. Organic
Forms of sulfur analysis, weight %of original coal, dry basis
GENANAL 1. Constituent 12. Constituent 2 :20. Constituent 20
General constituent analysis, weightor volume %
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 346 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solid Properties
• For conventional components and conventional solids Enthalpy, entropy, free energy and molar volume are
computed. Property models in the Property Method specified on
the Properties Specification Global sheet are used.
• For nonconventional solids Enthalpy and mass density are computed. Property models are specified on the Properties
Advanced NC-Props form.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 347 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Properties - Conventional Solids
For Enthalpy, Free Energy, Entropy and Heat Capacity• Barin Equations
Single parameter set for all properties Multiple parameter sets may be available for
selected temperature ranges List INORGANIC databank before SOLIDS
• Conventional Equations Combines heat of formation and free energies of
formation with heat capacity models Aspen Plus and DIPPR model parameters List SOLIDS databank before INORGANIC
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 348 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Properties - Conventional Solids
• Solid Heat Capacity Heat capacity polynomial model
Used to calculate enthalpy, entropy and free energy Parameter name: CPSP01
• Solid Molar Volume Volume polynomial model
Used to calculate density Parameter name: VSPOLY
C C C T C TCT
CT
CTp
oS = + + + + +1 2 32 4 5
263
V C C T C T C T C TS = + + + +1 2 32
43
54
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 349 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Properties - Nonconventional Solids
• Enthalpy General heat capacity polynomial model: ENTHGEN Uses a mass fraction weighted average Based on the GENANAL attribute Parameter name: HCGEN
• Density General density polynomial model: DNSTYGEN Uses a mass fraction weighted average Based on the GENANAL attribute Parameter name: DENGEN
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 350 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Properties - Special Models for Coal
• Enthalpy Coal enthalpy model: HCOALGEN Based on the ULTANAL, PROXANAL and
SULFANAL attributes
• Density Coal density model: DCOALIGT Based on the ULTANAL and SULFANAL attributes
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 351 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Built-in Material Stream Classes
Stream Class Description
CONVEN* Conventional components only
MIXNC Conventional and nonconventional solids
MIXCISLD Conventional components and inert solids
MIXNCPSD Conventional components and nonconventionalsolids with particle size distribution
MIXCIPSD Conventional components and inert solids withparticle size distribution
MIXCINC Conventional components and inert solids andnonconventional solids
MIXCINCPSD Conventional components and nonconventionalsolids with particle size distribution
* system default
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 352 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Unit Operation Models
• General Principles
Material streams of any class are accepted. The same stream class should be used for inlet and
outlet streams (exceptions: Mixer and ClChng). Attributes (components or substream) not recognized
are passed unaltered through the block. Some models allow specifications for each substream
present (examples: Sep, RStoic). In vapor-liquid separation, solids leave with the liquid. Unless otherwise specified, outlet solid substreams
are in thermal equilibrium with the MIXED substream.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 353 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Workshop 1Objective: Model a conventional solids dryer.
Dry SiO2 from a water content of 0.5% to 0.1% using air.
Notes: Change the Stream class type to: MIXCISLD.
Put the SiO2 in the CISOLID substream.
The pressure and temperature has to be the same in all thesub-streams of a stream.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 354 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Workshop 1 (Continued)
When finished, save asfilename: SOLIDWK1.BKP
Temp = 70 FPres = 14.7 psia
995 lb/hr SiO2 5 lb/hr H2O
FLASH2
DRYERAIR
WET
DRY
AIR-OUT
Pressure Drop = 0Adiabatic
Temp = 190 FPres = 14.7 psiaFlow = 1 lbmol/hr
0.79 mole% N20.21 mole% O2
Design specification:Vary the air flow ratefrom 1 to 10 lbmol/hr toachieve 99.9 wt.% SiO2 [SiO2/(SiO2+Mixed)]
Use the SOLIDS Property Method
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 355 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Workshop 2Objective: Use the solids unit operations to model theparticulate removal from a feed of gasifier off gases.
The processing of gases containing small quantities of particulatematerials is rendered difficult by the tendency of the particulates tointerfere with most operations (e.g., surface erosion, fouling, plugging oforifices and packing). It is therefore necessary to remove most of theparticulate materials from the gaseous stream. Various options areavailable for this purpose (Cyclone, Bag-filter, Venturi-scrubber, and anElectrostatic precipitator) and their particulate separation efficiency canbe changed by varying their design and operating conditions. The finalchoice of equipment is a balance between the technical performanceand the cost associated with using a particular unit.
In this workshop, various options for removing particulates from thesyngas obtained by coal gasification are compared.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 356 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Workshop 2 (Continued)
When finished, save asfilename: SOLIDWK2.BKP
DUPL
CYC
FAB-FILT
ESP
V-SCRUBFEED
F-CYC
F-SCRUB
F-ESP
F-BF
S-BF
G-CYC
S-CYC
G-SCRUB
S-SCRUB
LIQ
G-ESP
S-ESP
G-BF
Temp = 650 CPres = 1 barGas Flowrate = 1000 kmol/hr Ash Flowrate = 200 kg/hr
Composition (mole-frac) CO 0.19 CO2 0.20 H2 0.05 H2S 0.02 O2 0.03 CH4 0.01 H2O 0.05 N2 0.35 SO2 0.10
Particle size distribution (PSD)Size limit wt. %[mu] 0- 44 3044- 63 1063-90 2090-130 15130-200 10200-280 15
Temp = 40 CPres = 1 barWater Flowrate = 700 kg/hr
Design ModeMax. Pres. Drop = 0.048 bar
Design ModeHigh EfficiencySeparation Efficiency = 0.9
Design ModeSeparation Efficiency = 0.9Dielectric constant = 1.5
Design ModeSeparation Efficiency = 0.9
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 357 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Solids Workshop 2 (Continued)
• Coal ash is mainly clay and heavy metal oxides andcan be considered a non-conventional component.
• HCOALGEN and DCOALIGT can be used to calculatethe enthalpy and material density of ash using theultimate, proximate, and sulfur analyses (ULTANAL,PROXANAL, SULFANAL). These are specified on theProperties Advanced NC-Props form.
• Component attributes (ULTANAL, PROXANAL,SULFANAL) are specified on the Stream Input form.For ash, zero all non-ash attributes.
• The PSD limits can be changed on the SetupSubstreams PSD form.
• Use the IDEAL Property Method.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 358 Introduction to Aspen Plus
359Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Optimization
Objective:
Introduce the optimization capability in Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus References:•User Guide, Chapter 22, Optimization
Related Topics:•User Guide, Chapter 17, Convergence•User Guide, Chapter 18, Accessing Flowsheet Variables
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 360 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Optimization• Used to maximize/minimize an objective function
• Objective function is expressed in terms of flowsheetvariables and In-Line Fortran.
• Optimization can have zero or more constraints.
• Constraints can be equalities or inequalities.
• Optimization is located under /Data/Model AnalysisTools/Optimization
• Constraint specification is under /Data/Model AnalysisTools/Constraint
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 361 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Optimization Example
For an existing reactor, find the reactor temperature andinlet amount of reactant A that maximizes the profit from thisreactor. The reactor can only handle a maximum coolingload of Q.
Desired Product C $ 1.30 / lbBy-product D $ 0.11 / lbWaste Product E $ - 0.20 /lb
FEED
PRODUCT
REACTORA, B
A + B --> C + D + E
A, B, C, D, E
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 362 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Optimization Example (Continued)
• What are the measured (sampled) variables? Outlet flowrates of components C, D, E
• What is the objective function to be maximized? 1.30*(lb/hr C) + 0.11*(lb/hr D) - 0.20*(lb/hr E)
• What is the constraint? The calculated duty of the reactor can not exceed Q.
• What are the manipulated (varied) variables? Reactor temperature Inlet amount of reactant A
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 363 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Optimization1. Identify measured (sampled) variables.
These are the flowsheet variables used to calculatethe objective function (Optimization Define sheet).
2. Specify objective function (expression).
This is the Fortran expression that will be maximizedor minimized (Optimization Objective & Constraintssheet).
3. Specify maximization or minimization of objective function (Optimization Objective & Constraints sheet).
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 364 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps for Using Optimization (Continued)
4. Specify constraints (optional).
These are the constraints used during the optimization(Optimization Objective & Constraints sheet).
5. Specify manipulated (varied) variables. These are the variables that the optimization block will
change to maximize/minimize the objective function(Optimization Vary sheet).
6. Specify bounds for manipulated (varied) variables. These are the lower and upper bounds within which to
vary the manipulated variable (Optimization Varysheet).
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 365 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes
1. The convergence of the optimization can be sensitive tothe initial values of the manipulated variables.
2. It is best if the objective, the constraints, and themanipulated variables are in the range of 1 to 100. Thiscan be accomplished by simply multiplying or dividingthe function.
3. The optimization algorithm only finds local maxima andminima in the objective function. It is theoreticallypossible to obtain a different maximum/minimum in theobjective function, in some cases, by starting at adifferent point in the solution space.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 366 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Notes (Continued)
4. Equality constraints within an optimization are similar todesign specifications.
5. If an optimization does not converge, run sensitivitystudies with the same manipulated variables as theoptimization, to ensure that the objective function is notdiscontinuous with respect to any of the manipulatedvariables.
6. Optimization blocks also have convergence blocksassociated with them. Any general techniques used withconvergence blocks can be used if the optimization doesnot converge.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 367 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Optimization WorkshopObjective: Optimize steam usage for a process.
The flowsheet shown below is part of a Dichloro-Methane solventrecovery system. The two flashes, TOWER1 and TOWER2, are runadiabatically at 19.7 and 18.7 psia respectively. The stream FEEDcontains 1400 lb/hr of Dichloro-Methane and 98600 lb/hr of water at100oF and 24 psia. Set up the simulation as shown below, and minimizethe total usage of steam in streams STEAM1 and STEAM2, both ofwhich contain saturated steam at 200 psia. The maximum allowableconcentration of Dichloro-Methane in the stream EFFLUENT fromTOWER2 is 150 ppm (mass) to within a tolerance of a tenth of a ppm.Use the NRTL Property Method. Use bounds of 1000 lb/hr to 20,000lb/hr for the flowrate of the two steam streams. Make sure stream flowsare reported in mass flow and mass fraction units before running. Referto the Notes slides for some hints on the previous page if there areproblems converging the optimization.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 368 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Optimization Workshop (Continued)
When finished, save as
filename: OPT.BKP
STEAM1
FEED
TOP1
BOT1
TOP2
EFFLUENTSTEAM2
TOWER1
TOWER2
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 369 Introduction to Aspen Plus
370Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
RadFrac Convergence
Objective:
Introduce the convergence algorithms and initializationstrategies available in RadFrac
Aspen Plus References:• Unit Operation Models Reference Manual, Chapter 4, Columns
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 371 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence MethodsRadFrac provides a variety of convergence methods forsolving separation problems. Each convergence methodrepresents a convergence algorithm and an initializationmethod. The following convergence methods are available:
• Standard (default)
• Petroleum / Wide-Boiling
• Strongly non-ideal liquid
• Azeotropic
• Cryogenic
• Custom
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 372 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Method Algorithm Initialization
Standard Standard Standard
Petroleum / Wide-boiling Sum-Rates Standard
Strongly non-ideal liquid Nonideal Standard
Azeotropic Newton Azeotropic
Cryogenic Standard Cryogenic
Custom select any select any
Convergence Methods (Continued)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 373 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence AlgorithmsRadFrac provides four convergence algorithms:
• Standard (with Absorber=Yes or No)
• Sum-Rates
• Nonideal
• Newton
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 374 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Standard Algorithm
The Standard (default, Absorber=No) algorithm:
• Uses the original inside-out formulation
• Is effective and fast for most problems
• Solves design specifications in a middle loop
• May have difficulties with extremely wide-boiling orhighly non-ideal mixtures
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 375 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Standard Algorithm (Continued)
The Standard algorithm with Absorber=Yes:
• Uses a modified formulation similar to the classicalsum-rates algorithm
• Applies to absorbers and strippers only
• Has fast convergence
• Solves design specifications in a middle loop
• May have difficulties with highly non-ideal mixtures
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 376 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Sum-Rates Algorithm
The Sum-Rates algorithm:
• Uses a modified formulation similar to the classicalsum-rates algorithm
• Solves design specifications simultaneously with thecolumn-describing equations
• Is effective and fast for wide boiling mixtures andproblems with many design specifications
• May have difficulties with highly non-ideal mixtures
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 377 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Nonideal Algorithm
The Nonideal algorithm:
• Includes a composition dependency in the localphysical property models
• Uses the continuation convergence method
• Solves design specifications in a middle loop
• Is effective for non-ideal problems
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 378 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Newton Algorithm
The Newton algorithm:
• Is a classic implementation of the Newton method
• Solves all column-describing equations simultaneously
• Uses the dogleg strategy of Powell to stabilizeconvergence
• Can solve design specifications simultaneously or in anouter loop
• Handles non-ideality well, with excellent convergence inthe vicinity of the solution
• Is recommended for azeotropic distillation columns
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 379 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Calculations
You can use the Standard, Newton and Nonidealalgorithms for 3-phase Vapor-Liquid-Liquid systems.On the RadFrac Setup Configuration sheet, selectVapor-Liquid-Liquid in the Valid Phases field.
Vapor-Liquid-Liquid calculations:• Handle column calculations involving two liquid phases
rigorously• Handle decanters• Solve design specifications using:
Either the simultaneous (default) loop or the middleloop approach for the Newton algorithm
The middle loop approach for all other algorithms
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 380 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence Method Selection
For Vapor-Liquid systems, start with the Standardconvergence method. If the Standard method fails:• Use the Petroleum / Wide Boiling method if the mixture
is very wide-boiling.• Use the Custom method and change Absorber to Yes
on the RadFrac Convergence Algorithm sheet, if thecolumn is an absorber or a stripper.
• Use the Strongly non-ideal liquid method if the mixtureis highly non-ideal.
• Use the Azeotropic method for azeotropic distillationproblems with multiple solutions possible. TheAzeotropic algorithm is also another alternative forhighly non-ideal systems.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 381 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Convergence Method Selection (Continued)
For Vapor-Liquid-Liquid systems:
• Start by selecting Vapor-Liquid-Liquid in the ValidPhases field of the RadFrac Setup Configuration sheetand use the Standard convergence method.
• If the Standard method fails, try the Custom methodwith the Nonideal or the Newton algorithm.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 382 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Initialization Method
Standard is the default Initialization method for RadFrac.This method:
• Performs flash calculations on composite feed to obtainaverage vapor and liquid compositions
• Assumes a constant composition profile
• Estimates temperature profiles based on bubble anddew point temperatures of composite feed
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 383 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Specialized Initialization Methods
Four specialized Initialization methods are available.
Use: For:
Crude Wide boiling systems with multi-draw columns
Chemical Narrow boiling chemical systems
Azeotropic Azeotropic distillation columns
Cryogenic Cryogenic applications
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 384 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Estimates
RadFrac does not usually require estimates fortemperature, flow and composition profiles.
RadFrac may require:
• Temperature estimates as a first trial in case ofconvergence problems
• Liquid and/or vapor flow estimates for the separation ofwide boiling mixtures.
• Composition estimates for highly non-ideal, extremelywide-boiling (for example, hydrogen-rich), azeotropicdistillation or vapor-liquid-liquid systems.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 385 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Composition Estimates
The following example illustrates the need for compositionestimates in an extremely wide-boiling point system:
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 386 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence Workshop
Objective: Apply the convergence hints explained in thissection.
HCl column in a VCM production plant
• Feed 130000 kg/hr at 50C, 18 bar 19.5%wt HCl, 33.5%wt VCM, 47%wt EDC (VCM : vinyl-chloride, EDC : 1,2-dichloroethane)
• Column 33 theoretical stages partial condenser (vapor distillate) kettle reboiler pressure : top 17.88 bar, bottom 18.24 bar feed on stage 17
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 387 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence Workshop (Continued)
First Step:Specify the column.
Set the distillate flow rate to be equal to the mass flow rate ofHCl in the feed.
Specify that the mass reflux ratio is 0.7. Use Peng-Robinson equation of state (PENG-ROB).
» Question: How should these specifications be implemented?
Note:Look at the results.
Temperature profile Composition profile
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 388 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence Workshop (Continued)
Second step:VCM in distillate and HCl in bottom are much too high!
Allow only 5 ppm of HCl in the residue and 10 ppm VCM in thedistillate.
» Question: How should these specifications be implemented?
Note:You may have some convergence difficulties.
Apply the guidelines presented in this section
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 389 Introduction to Aspen Plus
RadFrac Convergence Workshop (Continued)
COL
FEED
DIST
BOT
feed on stage 17
130000 kg/h50 C, 18 bar,HCl 19.5%wtVCM 33.5%wtEDC 47.0%wt mass reflux ratio:0.7
flow : HCl in feed
max 10 ppm VCM
max 5 ppm HCl
17.88 bar
18.24 bar
When finished, save as filename: VCMHCL1.BKP (step 1) and VCMHCL2.BKP (step 2)
Use the PENG-ROB Property method
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 390 Introduction to Aspen Plus
391Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) Workshop
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 392 Introduction to Aspen Plus
VCM Workshop
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is produced through a high pressure,non-catalytic process involving the pyrolysis of 1,2-dichloroethane(EDC) according to the following reaction
CH2Cl-CH2Cl HCl + CHCl=CH2
The cracking of EDC occurs at 500 C and 30 bar in a direct firedfurnace. 1000 kmol/hr of pure EDC feed enters the reactor at 20 C and30 bar. EDC conversion in the reactor is maintained at 55%. The hotgases from the reactor are subcooled by 10 degrees beforefractionation.Two distillation columns are used for the purification of the VCMproduct. In the first column, anhydrous HCl is removed overhead andsent to the oxy chlorination unit. In the second column, VCM product isremoved overhead and the bottoms stream containing unreacted EDCis recycled back to the furnace. Overheads from both columns areremoved as saturated liquids. The HCL column is run at 25 bar and theVCM column is run at 8 bar. Use the RK-SOAVE Property Method.
Objective: Set up a flowsheet of a VCM process using thetools learned in the course.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 393 Introduction to Aspen Plus
VCM Workshop (Continued)
1000 kmol/hr EDC20C
30 bar
CRACK
FEED
RECYCIN
REACTOUT
PUMP
RECYCLE
QUENCH
COOLOUT COL1
HCLOUT
VCMIN COL2
VCMOUT
RStoic ModelHeater Model
Pump Model
RadFrac Model
RadFrac Model
30 bar outlet pressure
500 C30 bar
EDC Conv. = 55%
10 deg C subcooling0.5 bar pressure drop
10 stagesReflux ratio = 0.969
Distillate to feed ratio = 0.550Feed enters above stage 7Column pressure = 8 bar
15 stagesReflux ratio = 1.082
Distillate to feed ratio = 0.354Feed enters above stage 8Column pressure = 25 bar
When finished, save asfilename: VCM.BKPUse RK-SOAVE property method
CH2Cl-CH2Cl HCl + CHCl=CH2 EDC HCl VCM
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 394 Introduction to Aspen Plus
VCM Workshop (Continued)
Part A:
With the help of the process flow diagram on the previous page, set up aflowsheet to simulate the VCM process. What are the values of the followingquantities?
1. Furnace heat duty ________2. Quench cooling duty ________3. Quench outlet temperature ________4. Condenser and Reboiler duties for COL2 ________
________5. Concentration of VCM in the product stream ________
Part B:
The conversion of EDC to VCM in the furnace varies between 50% and 55%.Use the sensitivity analysis capability to generate plots of the furnace heat dutyand quench cooling duty as a function of EDC conversion.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 395 Introduction to Aspen Plus
396Introduction to Aspen Plus
Potential
Reach Your
True
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
ActiveX Automation
Objective:
Introduce ActiveX Automation Capabilities in Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus References:•User Guide, Chapter 38, Using the Aspen Plus ActiveX Automation
Server
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 397 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Windows Interoperability
• Three Levels Copy/Paste Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) ActiveX Server
• Third level is programming against the software using amacro language. The language demonstrated is VisualBasic for Applications using Excel97 as the interface.
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 398 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Capabilities of Automation
• Cannot Add Streams Add Unit Operation Blocks Manipulate Flowsheet Graphics
• Can Change Input Specifications Read Output Results Perform Run Control
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 399 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus Simulation File
• Cannot use Automation to Add Blocks/Streams sostarting point must be an existing Aspen PlusSimulation file
• Can use any of the following file types *.apw Aspen Plus Document *.bkp Aspen Plus Backup File *.inp Aspen Plus Input File *.apt Aspen Plus Template
• For this demonstration, load pfdtut.bkp, Reinitialize,then SaveAs... ActiveXDemo1.bkp
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 400 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Automation Demonstration 1
• Objective: Create an Excel Workbook that performsthe following Open Aspen Plus Simulation Close Aspen Plus Simulation Run Simulation
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 401 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Steps to Create Workbook
• Open Excel Setup Excel for VBA Programming Select Reference to Aspen Plus
• Place/Modify Controls
• Add Additional Text to Workbook
• Program General Declarations
• Write Code into Subroutines and Control Events
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 402 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Setup Excel for VBA Programming
• Open a New Excel Workbook
• Add the “Control Toolbox” Toolbar Select View/Toolbars/Control Toolbox
• Open the VBA programming environment Select Tools/Macro/Visual Basic Environment (VBE)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 403 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Select Reference to Aspen Plus
• Make the VBE the active window
• Select Tools/References
• Look for “ASPEN PLUS GUI 10.0-1 Type Library”
• If not found, use Browse button to find ...\APUI\xeq\happ.tlb
• Select reference by clicking the check box and pressing“OK” to complete the task and close the dialogue box
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 404 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Place/Modify Controls (1 of 6)
• Make the Excel Workbook the active window
• Change the Workbook to Design Mode by pressing the“Design Mode” button on the Control Toolboxtoolbar
• Add 3 Command Buttons to the Workbook Select the Command Button from the Control
Toolbox toolbar Move the cursor on to the Workbook. It will change
to crosshairs. Click the upper left corner of cell G2 Repeat above for cell G4, G6
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 405 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Place/Modify Controls (2 of 6)
• Add 1 Check Box to the Workbook Select the Check Box from the Control Toolbox
toolbar Place the control on the upper left corner of cell D2
• The Workbook should look something like this
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 406 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Place/Modify Controls (3 of 6)
• Select any of the controls by clicking on it to make thesmall boxes appear around the edge
• With the cursor still over the control, click your RightMouse button (for right-handed people). This will opena pop-up menu.
• Select Properties from this menu. This will display theProperties window
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 407 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Place/Modify Controls (4 of 6)
• Change the properties of the controls using the info inthe table below
• Change the control displayed in the property window byselecting the control on the workbook or changing theselection on the top of the property window
Control Property ValueCommandButton1 Name cmd_OpenSimulation
Caption Open SimulationCommandButton2 Name cmd_CloseSimulation
Caption Close SimulationCommandButton3 Name cmd_RunSimulation
Caption Run SimulationCheckBox1 Name chk_IsVisible
Caption Make Visible
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 408 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Place/Modify Controls (5 of 6)
• When finished, the Properties window for the CheckBox should look something like this
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 409 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Place/Modify Controls (6 of 6)
• The Workbook should look something like this
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 410 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Add Additional Text to Workbook (1 of 2)
• Use the table to add text to the workbookCell Size/Effect TextA1 16pt/Bold Aspen Plus/ActiveX
DemonstrationA4 12pt/Bold Simulation File
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 411 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Add Additional Text to Workbook (2 of 2)
• The Workbook should look something like this
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 412 Introduction to Aspen Plus
General Declarations
• Make the VBE the active window
• Select Insert/Module to create a new Basic module
• Insert the following code into the module
• All text in lines that start with a ‘ are comments and donot need to be typed
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 413 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Subroutine
• Make the VBE the active window
• Add the following code into the Basic Module below theGeneral Declarations written before
• Note: For this and all following code, the code ISCASE-SENSITIVE
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 414 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Control Events (1 of 4)• To code the specific control, make the workbook the
active window, make sure the Design Mode button ispressed, and then Double-Click on the control
• To code the event below, make the workbook the activewindow then double click on the checkbox. The VBEwill open and the cursor will be inside the followingparagraph. The If-Then lines are what needs to betyped
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 415 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Control Events (2 of 4)
• Code the following control event
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 416 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Control Events (3 of 4)
• Code the following control event
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 417 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Control Events (4 of 4)
• Code the following control event
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 418 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Workbook_BeforeCloseEvent (1 of 2)
• If you exit the workbook without closing the loadedsimulation, the simulation will still exist. It will still be inmemory but not accessible. To prevent this, do thefollowing steps Make the VBE the default Double click on “This Workbook” from the explorer
type view on the left side of the VBE. This willcreate a window in the code area titled “filename -ThisWorkbook (code)
Change the drop down controls to read “Workbook”(left selection) and “Before_Close”
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 419 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Workbook_BeforeCloseEvent (2 of 2)
• Add the following code
• Save the file as ActiveXDemo1.xls
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 420 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Running Demonstration• Make the Workbook the active window
• Press the Design Mode button so it is inactive
• Press the “Open Simulation” button Find ActiveXDemo1.bkp on your disk
• Press the “Run Simulation” button The program will execute
• The Aspen Plus GUI can be made Visible/Not Visibleusing the check box
• Save the workbook, it is the starting point for theWorkshop
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 421 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Demonstration of Input/Output
• Objective Modify workbook to accept input and display output
results after running simulation
• The modifications will do the following: Add additional text to workbook Add subroutines in the VBE Modify the code in the Run Command Button
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 422 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Add Additional Text to Workbook (1 of 2)
• Use the table to add text to the workbookCell Size/Effect TextA7 12pt/bold Input ValuesD7 12pt/bold Output ValuesA8 10pt/normal Stream 2 Total Flow RateD8 10pt/normal Block B2 Heat DutyB9 10pt/normal lbmol/hrE9 10pt/normal MMBtu/hr
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 423 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Add Additional Text to Workbook (2 of 2)
• The Workbook should look something like this
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 424 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus Variable Explorer (1 of 2)
• Aspen Plus provides a way to find the syntax to specificvariables in a simulation
• Make a copy of the Aspen Plus simulation file and usethe Variable Explorer on the copy
• Found Under Tools/Variable Explorer
• All Numeric Input/Output Variables are found underRoot/Data/[Streams or Blocks]
• When you find the variable of interest, the syntax isdisplayed in the “Path to Node” window. This text canbe copied into your program environment
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 425 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Aspen Plus Variable Explorer (2 of 2)
• The Variable Explorer will look something like this whenthe proper path to the Block B2 Heat Duty is selected
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 426 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Code Subroutines
• Add subroutines to Module 1 in the VBE
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 427 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Modify Run Button Code
• Change the Run Button code to the following
• Save the file as ActiveXDemo2.xls
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 428 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Running Demonstration• Make the Workbook the active window
• Press the Design Mode button so it is inactive
• Press the Open Simulation Button and loadActiveXDemo1.xls
• Change to cell A9 and enter a value between 100-101
• Press the Run Simulation Button You may have to clear dialogue boxes caused by
the Reinit command
• The simulation will run and the results will be displayedin cell D9
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 429 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Automation Workshop
• Objective Add code and text to Workbook to perform the
following• Input Temperature of Block B2 (use cell A11, keep
between 350-450 F)• Output Total Flow Rate of Stream 9 (use cell D11)
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 430 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Workshop Answer (1 of 2)
• The Workbook should look something like this
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 431 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Workshop Answer (2 of 2)
• Modified Subroutines
• Save the file as ActiveXWorkshop.xls
©1998 AspenTech. All rights reserved.®
Septiembre 12, 2001 Introduction to Aspen PlusSeptiembre 12, 2001 Slide 432 Introduction to Aspen Plus
Additional Topics
• Error Checking is not included in example
• Further capabilities Changing units More Complex Output (RadFrac profiles, stream
reports) More Complex input (changing multiple
specifications, changing composition of streams)
• Covered in “ActiveX Automation of Aspen Plus” course