ASME OLD GUARD ORAL TECHNICAL PRESENTATION COMPETITION STUDENT LEADERSHIP SEMINAR – 2011ASME QUEST Student Section - Pakistan

“Bio Gas Generation Using Solar Energy”

By:

Saad JavedUniversity of Engineering & TechnologyPeshawar, Pakistan

Outline

• Need Assessment • Objectives • Accomplished Work

– Literature Review– Design– Construction– Commissioning – Experimentations

• Work In Process• Collaboration with Technology Incubation Centre• ASME Global Strategy• Conclusions

Need Assessment

• Energy factor

• Pakistan’s energy crisis

• Additional energy sources– Cheaper– Safer– Environmental Friendly

• Usage of kitchen wastes for Biogas production

• Utilization of Kitchen Waste

• System fabrication which uses solar energy for heating

• Purify the produced biogas

• Purified biogas as a source of energy

Accomplished Work

• Literature Review– Biogas and its production– Factors affecting Biogas yield– Digester designs– Solar Heating Modes– Purification Methods

• Designing Phase– Digester– Stand– Solar Reflector

• Fabrication & Experimentation

Success Criteria

Biogas

• Biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen

• By anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials

Biogas generally comprises of • 55-65 % methane• 35-45 % carbon dioxide • 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulphide and traces of water vapor

Conversion To Biogas Methods

• Thermal Conversion– Combustion– Pyrolysis– Gasification

• Bio Chemical Conversion– Anaerobic digestion– Fermentation

• Bio Chemical conversion is simple, energy efficient and with less input of energy

Factors Affecting Biogas Production

• Temperature– 10oC < T > 55oC– Optimum temperature = 30oC

• Uniform Feeding– Same time everyday with same feed of same quantity

• Retention Time– Time period for which slurry is retained in the digester to allow

complete decomposition of biomass– Depends on temperature fluctuations and waste composition

Digester Designs

Designs

Rectangular Digester

Vertical Digester

Chinese pit design

Digester ( Pro-E Model)

Leakage Checking

• Water Leakage

• Gas Leakage– Digester was filled with water to investigate leakage– The leakage was checked using soap bubbles

Solar Heating

Solar Reflector

Solar Heating Modes

Plastic Mirror

Plastic Mirror

Aluminum ReflectorAluminum Reflector

Tank bottomTank bottom

Interesting Fact

• Every ton of food waste prevented has the potential to save 4.2 ton of CO2 equivalent. If we all stop wasting food that could have been eaten, the CO2 impact would be the equivalent of taking one in four cars off the road.

Biogas Purification

• Biogas purification involves – Removal of CO2

– Removal of H2O

• For removal of CO2

– Physical Absorption

• For removal of H2O– Mist Eliminators

Data Collected (Nov-2010)

• Time versus Solar Intensity

30% Cattle Dung

70% Kitchen Waste

Digester Impure Biogas

CO2 Removal

Scrubbing Chamber

CH4

H2O Removal

COMBUSTION

Final Layout

Additional Applications

Biogas as a Transport Fuel

As a Heat SourceFor Power Generation

Work In Processes

• Purification of biogas

• Increasing yield rate

• Composition of produced biogas

• Production of electric power (with purified biogas)

.

• Technical and Business Support services for start-up entrepreneurs

• Obtaining intellectual property rights (Patent)

• Commercialization of technology

• Collaboration with Alternate Energy Development Board of Pakistan

Global Strategy

Research Paper Abstract accepted at 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition in the Bio-Energy Division.

(To be held in November 2011, Denver, Colorado)

ASME Global Challenges 2011

ASME Global Challenges 2011

Global Impact Energy Workforce Development

Conclusion• Successful Utilization of Kitchen Waste

• Research-oriented Green Energy Project for

the 1st time on undergraduate level in Pakistan

• Clean and Green Pakistan

• Pollution and Carbon-Footprint reduction

• Economical and Viable on Domestic as well as Industrial scale

We Can Create A More Sustainable, Cleaner And Safer World By Making Wiser Energy

Choices !!

Questions