No. 9: KATSU, Ju (Chinese name: HUA, Shou). Jushikei Hakki [trans.: Expression of the Fourteen

Meridians]. Three parts in one vol. Kyoto: Baiju, 1625. $95,000.00

325 West End Avenue, New York City, New York, 10023-8145Tel: 646 827-0724 Fax: 212 994-9603

E-mail: jonathan@jonathanahill.com and yoshi@jonathanahill.com

Asian Medicine

An Important Chinese Ophthalmological Work

1. FU, Renyu. Fu shi yan ke shen shi yao han (alternative title: Yan ke da quan) [trans.: Dr.Fu’s Study and Treatment of Eye Diseases (alternative title: Precious Book of Ophthalmology)]. Illus.in the text (Vol. 6 has 13 full-page illus.). Six vols. 8vo, modern wrappers (first leaf of Vol. IVwith small defect obscuring one or two characters, Vol. VI with two natural paper flawstouching a few characters of text), new stitching. [China]: two Prefaces dated 1644.

$15,000.00

First edition of this influential Chinese ophthalmological work, which records 108 typesof eye diseases and has more than 300 prescriptions as well as illustrations and plentiful data. The book discusses medical records of ophthalmology and the theory of five orbiculi(illustrated in the first volume), the eight regions of the whites of the eyes, and therelationship between the eyes and Zangfu channels and collaterals. The book introducesacupuncture in ophthalmology and cataractopiesis with a golden needle in detail. There aresections on acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of headaches. Many pharmaceuticalrecipes are also provided.

Vol. 4 contains an illustration of five kinds of golden needles. The full-page illustrationsin the sixth volume depict various patients, their case histories, relevant pressure points (withdetails of how often to insert the needles), infected eyes filled with pus, wounds to the eye,etc.

Nice set. As usual, the paper is lightly browned. Vol. III with some unimportantdampstaining in upper blank margins.

É Paul U. Unschuld, Medicine in China: a History of Ideas (University of California Press,1985), p. 147.

2. HARTSHORNE, Henry. Kashi naika tekiyo [trans.: Essentials of the Principles andPractice of Medicine]. Some woodcuts in the text. 22 vols. Small 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig.block printed title label on each upper cover, new stitching. [Japan]: 1872-75. $3250.00

First edition in Japanese of one of the two most important medical works by HenryHartshorne, his Essentials of the Principles and Practice of Medicine (1st ed.: Philadelphia, 1867). Hartshorne (1823-97), a Quaker, took his medical degree at the University of Pennsylvaniaand was active during the cholera epidemic in Philadelphia in 1849. He later served as a fieldsurgeon during the battle of Gettysburg. He held various professorships, including one at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, and was active in women’s rights, American Indian rights,education, public health, and philanthropy.

Hartshorne was highly esteemed in Japan and his two most important books — the otherbeing A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences (1869) — were promptly translated into Japanese. In 1893, he moved with one of his daughters to Japan and was active in missionary work. Healso made notable efforts to prevent the traffic in opium.

The translator was Kohei Kawada (1836-1905), a physician and author of several medicalbooks. He held several high medical posts in the Japanese government’s medical institute.

This is a complete set in twenty-two volumes. Complete sets in nice condition are rare.Fine set.É D.A.B., IV, pp. 368-69.

First Printing in Japanese of Heister’s Writings on Bandaging;Printed in Two Colors

3. HEISTER, Lorenz. Geka shuko [trans.: Surgical Bandaging]. Trans. by Genkan Otsuki. 24; 28 folding leaves. Two vols. 8vo, orig. green patterned wrappers (a little discolored), orig.block-printed title labels on upper covers, new stitching. Edo: dated at end 1814.

[with]:

—. Geka shuko zushiki [alternate title: Hobaku zushiki] [trans.: Surgical Bandaging illustrated]. Many woodcuts (some full-page) in the text, all printed a second time with a delicate fleshcolor. 21 folding leaves. 8vo, binding as above. [Edo]: colophon dated 1813. $5500.00

First edition of this translation of the bandaging part of Heister’s monumental Chirurgie

(1718); complete with the rare third volume containing the fine woodcuts. In 1792, GentakuOtsuki completed the translation of the entire text of Heister’s Chirurgie, using the 1755 Dutchedition; portions were published in the 1820s. “Genkan Otsuki, the son of Gentaku, revisedthat part of his father’s work concerned with bandaging and in 1814 published the Geka shuko(sometimes referred to as Taisei geka shuko).”–Mestler, “Introduction to Western Influences inPre-Meiji Japanese Medicine” in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol. 50, p. 1010.

The fine illustrations in the rare third volume are by Untan Kaburagi (1782-1852 or 1853),who was the official artist engaged by Omurahan fiefdom in Nagasaki. They depict a seriesof bandaging techniques including compression bandaging of various parts of the body, typesof bandaging materials, bandaging for burns of the face, fractures, splints to immobilize limbs,etc. One of the earlier full-page woodcuts depict the four kinds of bandages — the triangle,roller, four-tailed, and many tailed. All the woodcuts depicting the bandaging of humanshave been printed a second time using blocks with a delicate “flesh” color.

Fine and complete set. An early owner has annotated many of the illustrations in Dutchor Japanese in a neat hand. The NLM set lacks the third volume with the illustrations.

É Mestler, A Galaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books, V, p. 214 for the atlas volume.

The Japanese Bible of Ophthalmology of the 19th Century

4. HONJO, Fuitsu. Ganka kinno [trans.: Causes, Diagnoses, and Treatments of Eye Diseases]. Woodcut illus. in the text. Printed on double leaves, oriental style. Four vols. 8vo, orig.wrappers, orig. block printed title label on upper cover, stitched as issued in the oriental style. Edo: 1831.

[with]:

—. Zoku Ganka kinno [trans.: Causes, Diagnoses, and Treatments of Eye Diseases, Second Series]. Woodcut illus. in the text (several are color printed). Two vols. 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig.block printed title label on upper cover, new stitching. Edo: 1837. $5500.00

First edition. “In 1831 Fuichi or Shinichi or Toshiatsu Honjo (died 1846) published his

Ganka kinno, a Japanese work in four volumes comparing the theory and practice of Chineseand European (Dutch) ophthalmological methods. After the usual series of commendatoryprefaces, that book presented the gross anatomy of the eye with particular reference to theocular muscles and the optic nerve; following that, the description of the geometrical opticsof the eye: the projection of an external object on the retina; and the degree or range ofnormal vision, from myopia to hyperopia, in relation to the curvature of the crystalline lens. All of these descriptions were illustrated with colored woodblock prints. Of unique interestis an illustration showing the different appearances of the doko (‘apple of the eye’ = the pupil)in the successive stages in the making of artificial eyes. Volumes 1 and 2 presented diseasesor abnormal conditions of the external or accessory structures of the eye (e.g. the eyelids) andtreated of trauma, trachoma and acute conjunctivitis. Volume 3 elaborated the diseases andpathology of the internal eye (i.e. the eyeball). Volume 4 consisted entirely of prescriptionsfor the treatment of eye diseases. At that time in Japan ophthalmological science was acombination or admixture of Chinese and Dutch knowledge, and the Ganka kinno wasconsidered the best monograph on that practice…

“A continuation of that work by Fuichi Honjo appeared in 1837 under the title Zoku gankakinno, in two volumes. That was a sort of clinical section to the earlier work. A series ofwood-block illustrations, some in color, showed a variety of ophthalmological instruments,with textual descriptions of their use, and pictures of their application. For example, aninstrument for applying medicine to the eye was made by tying a bag containing themedicine around the end of a wooden handle, and used by squeezing it against the eye withthe head tilted backward. An eye-dropper, syringes, and a magnifying glass for use by theoculist were figured. Ophthalmological instruments consisted of various kinds of spoons,tubes, loops, forceps, scissors, needles, lances, knives, and clamps. Illustrations of each ofthese are shown. Retractors for the eyelids were of bamboo or of copper. Metallicinstruments (cautery irons) to be heated in a charcoal fire were shown, with an illustrationof them in use. Other pictures showed the use of special needles in the treatment ofcataract.”–Mestler, A Galaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books With Miscellaneous Notes on Early

Medicine in Japan. Part IV. Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, Dentistry, pp. 334-35.Honjo was one of the most prominent physicians in Japan and was well-known as an

educator familiar with Chinese, Western, and Japanese medicine. He worked very closelywith P.F. von Siebold. The present book was the standard work on ophthalmology in Japanthroughout the 19th century.

Fine set.

A Classic of Surgery

5. HONMA, Soken. Yoka Hiroku [Trans.: Secret Records of Surgery]. Numerous woodcuts(of which 15 are finely handcolored). 10 vols. bound in 12. 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig. blockprinted title labels on upper covers, new stitching. Tokyo: Izumiya Kinemon, 1847.

[bound with]:

—. Zoku Yoka Hiroku [Trans.: Continued & Enlarged Secret Records of Surgery]. Numerouswoodcuts (of which 40 are finely handcolored). Five vols. 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig. blockprinted title labels on upper covers, new stitching. Tokyo: Izumiya Kinemon, 1859.

$6500.00

First edition. Honma (1804-72), a member of a distinguished family of physicians, studiedunder Phillip Franz von Siebold who had brought many printed Western works on medicineand surgery to Japan. He also learned Western anesthesia from Seishu Hanaoka, the firstJapanese physician to master this specialty. In Nagasaki, Honma studied vaccination. Honma established his practice in Tokyo, was physician to the local aristocracy, and becamea professor of medicine. Not only an accomplished surgeon, Honma was deeplyknowledgeable about internal medicine. He was one of the first physicians in Japan to makepublic his techniques and procedures. Hitherto, medical knowledge was kept closelyguarded as family secrets for successive generations of doctors.

The Yoka Hiroku is the author’s most important book on surgery and presents for the firsttime Hanaoka’s techniques of anesthesia employed during surgery (one of the woodcutsdepicts an anesthesia apparatus). Honma presents more than seventy case histories of

surgery which he performed. He discusses the causes, symptoms, and surgical proceduresof a number of wide-ranging diseases including hemorrhoids, breast cancer, venerealdiseases, tumors, etc. The handsome woodcuts — of which many are finely handcolored —depict the conditions and procedures. The illustrations are clearly based on earlier Dutchmedical books.

The Zoku Yoka Hiroku contains the further observations by his pupils, includingKawamata Makoto and others, on numerous case histories of various kinds of cancers(including breast cancer), gangrene, syphilis, external injuries, tumors, amputations,hemorrhages, poisoning by eating blow fish, and skin diseases. There are many vivid andfinely colored illustrations of surgical procedures including amputation and abortion. Theillustrations are very different from the 1847 edition which were in the Chinese style. In this1859 edition, the illustrations are very clearly Japanese with Dutch influence.

Minor worming here and there but a fine set.

Basic Obstetrical Knowledge required by the Master

6. KAGAWA, Genteki. A finely illustrated album of case histories, with 33 careful full-page drawings, heightened in color, and text in manuscript. 26 folding leaves. 8vo (226 x 170mm.), orig. wrappers (occasional light staining). N.p.: ca. 1760. $5000.00

The father of Genteki Kagawa, Genetsu (or Shigen) Kagawa (1699-1777), is famous fororiginating the practice of gynecology and obstetrics in Japan. His “San-ron was destined tobe the standard authority on obstetrics in Japan for at least a hundred years. That classicwork was followed by the San-ron yoku written in 1775 by Genteki (or Shikei) Kagawa(1739-1779), the adopted son of Genetsu, as a ‘supplement’ to the San-ron and to correct theerrors in the published work of the elder Kagawa, resulting in a considerable improvementin obstetrical methods.”–Mestler, A Galaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books With MiscellaneousNotes on Early Medicine in Japan. Part II, pp. 493-94.

Genteki Kagawa is famous for using many unconventional devices for facilitating asuccessful delivery and was the first obstetrician in Japan to understand that the head of thefoetus should be down during delivery. In the 18th century, due to the considerable povertyin Japan, many babies were aborted. Makers and polishers of mirrors also filled theprofession of abortionists as they had access to mercury which could be used to terminate

foetuses. When the procedure went wrong, women were brought to Kagawa who noticedthat the unborn children’s heads were almost always at the bottom of the womb.

This album — an illustrated practical manual — discusses many case histories ofcomplications, special observations, and remarkable occurrences observed by Kagawa duringpregnancy and birth; 33 are finely drawn and colored. It was issued by Kagawa as a sort of examination for his disciples, requiring them to demonstrate advanced knowledge ofobstetrics before they were granted a license or certificate to practice; it was kept inmanuscript as secret or proprietary information. Kagawa has recommended a number ofdrugs and provided recipes for their manufacture for the health of the expectant mother andto induce childbirth.

A very nice copy. Some worming, occasionally touching image or text, carefully repaired.

“A Considerable Improvement”

7. KAGAWA, Genteki. A manuscript copy of Sanron yoku [trans.: Addenda to Dr. KagawaShigen’s Obstetrics]. 32 full-page fine drawings in black ink. 23; 25 folding leaves. Two vols.in one. 8vo, orig. wrappers (rather rubbed with some wear), orig. block printed title label onupper cover, new stitching. [Japan: 1775 or shortly thereafter]. $2500.00

A manuscript copy, prepared shortly after the publication of the first edition in 1775 ofthis “important writing” (Mestler, II, p. 485) on obstetrics. The father of Genteki Kagawa,Genetsu (or Shigen) Kagawa (1699-1777) is famous for originating the practice of gynecologyand obstetrics in Japan. His “San-ron was destined to be the standard authority on obstetricsin Japan for at least a hundred years. That classic work was followed by the San-ron yokuwritten in 1775 by Genteki or Shikei Kagawa (1739-1779), the adopted son of Genetsu, as a‘supplement’ to the San-ron and to correct the errors in the published work of the elderKagawa, resulting in a considerable improvement in obstetrical methods.”–Mestler, A Galaxyof Old Japanese Medical Books With Miscellaneous Notes on Early Medicine in Japan. Part II, pp.493-94.

Genteki Kagawa is famous for using many unconventional devices for facilitating asuccessful delivery and was the first obstetrician in Japan to understand that the head of thebaby should be down during delivery. In the 18th-century, due to the considerable povertyin Japan, many fetuses were aborted. Makers and polishers of mirrors also filled theprofession of abortionists as they had access to mercury which could be used to terminatefoetuses. When the procedure went wrong, women were brought to Kagawa who noticedthat the unborn children’s heads were almost always at the bottom of the womb.

This manuscript, like the printed edition, is remarkable for the 28 case histories whichKagawa has contributed. He has devoted much of the book to complications duringpregnancy and has outlined massage therapy for pregnant women.

Very good set.

8. KAGAWA, Genetsu & Genteki. A manuscript copy of Shigenshi Sanron [trans.: Dr.Kagawa Shigen’s Obstetrics revised by his Son]. 65 folding leaves. Four vols. in one. 8vo, orig.wrappers, orig. block printed title label on upper cover, new stitching. [Japan: 1775 or shortlythereafter]. $2950.00

A manuscript copy, prepared shortly after the publication of the first edition in 1775, ofthis important work on obstetrics. The father of Genteki Kagawa, Genetsu (or Shigen)Kagawa (1699-1777), is famous for originating the practice of gynecology and obstetrics inJapan. His various writings on these subjects became the standard authority in Japan for atleast a hundred years.

In this work, the father and son provide diagnoses, treatments, and prescriptions for

various symptoms that pregnant women suffer from before and after childbirth. TheKagawas have provided 48 case histories.

Fine copy.

“Kokatsujiban” Edition; Printed with Moveable Types;The Fourteen Meridians

9. KATSU, Ju (Chinese name: HUA, Shou). Title at beginning of text: Jushikei Hakki[trans.: Expression of the Fourteen Meridians]; [alternate title on first leaf of first Preface]: ShinkanJushikeiraku Hakki [trans.: Newly Edited Expression of the Fourteen Meridians]. 16 full-pagewoodcut illus. in the text. 69 folding leaves. Three parts in one vol. Large 8vo, orig. orangewrappers (rubbed & a little tired, some browning), new stitching. From the colophon: Kyoto:Baiju, 1625. $95,000.00

The second of the three editions of Katsu’s Jushikei Hakki to be printed by moveable typein Japan; all are of the greatest rarity and none are located in WorldCat. These editions (1618,our edition of 1625, and 1631) mark the first appearances of Katsu’s important text onacupuncture in Japan and are important examples of the new technology imported fromKorea. The three editions are all printed in Chinese with Japanese reading marks.

“The earliest surviving books printed [in Korea] with movable type date from the latefourteenth century…During the invasion of the Korean peninsula undertaken by ToyotomiHideyoshi in the closing years of the sixteenth century…large numbers of printed books werelooted, and printing type was removed from the Printing Office and taken to Japan…Itappears that Korean type was immediately put to use to printed the text of the…Kobun kokyo(Classic of Filial Piety) in 1593, although no copies of this appear to have survived. In 1597, inthe postface to another work printed in Japan with movable type, a monk who was presentat Hideyoshi’s headquarters acknowledged that typography in Japan had come from Korea. It was not clear whether any Korean printing artisans came to Japan as well as a result of theinvasion, but in any even the impact on Japan of Korean typography, both technologicallyand intellectually, was far greater than that of the Jesuit Mission Press, principally becausethe imported Korean typography was much closer to the centres of power in Japan than theincreasingly precarious Jesuit missions.”–Kornicki, The Book in Japan, p. 129. Moveable typeprinting in Japan came to an end by the 1650s (although revived again at the end of the 18th-century).

Katsu (whose Chinese name is Shou Hua), was a Chinese physician active 1360-70. He published Shi si jing fa hui, translated as “Routes of the Fourteen Meridians and theirFunctions,” a classic used in the practice of acupuncture. To the twelve standard meridians,Katsu was the first to add two extra meridians, the “governor vessel” (du mai) and “conceptionvessel” (ren mai); the fourteen meridians then became the standard major meridians in mostschools of clinical application.

The work is divided into three parts: the first dealing with the circulation of the yin andyang in the arms and legs; the second with the course of the qi, which gives life energy to thebody and protects it from illness, pain, and disease through the fourteen meridians; and thethird with the eight “extraordinary vessels.” The publisher was a doctor known as Baijuken(who may have been the same person as the Kyoto commercial publisher known as BaijuJoemon). He was active for around thirty years and more than thirty medical bookspublished by him have been identified. Most of his publications are Chinese works.

The sixteen full-page woodcut illustrations explain the centers for acupuncture. This edition has four prefaces: 1. by Sei Oyo Shiken, dated 1528; 2. by So Ren, not dated;

3. by Ryo Fuku, dated 1364; and 4. by the author, Katsu Ju, dated 1341. The text has beenannotated throughout in red and black with additional readings.

A few minor stains and natural paper flaws but in very nice condition internally. Some

dampstaining in upper margins, occasionally touching text. We cannot locate any other copyof the 1618 edition nor of our edition; there is one copy of the 1631 edition at the Iwase BunkoLibrary.

Woodcuts of the Organs of the Body in Color

10. KOSAKA, Eisho (or Gen’yu). Jing xue zuan yao [trans. in Japanese: Keiketsu san’yo;trans.: Chinese & Japanese Acupuncture explained]. Numerous fine woodcut illus. (18 of whichare finely handcolored). 48 (irregularly paginated); 33; 39; 26; 28, 3 folding leaves. Five vols. 8vo, orig. wrappers (some worming in upper margin of each vol.), orig. block printed titlelabel on each upper cover, new stitching. Tokyo: Mankyudo Hanabusa Heikichi, [Prefacedated 1810]. $8500.00

First edition of one of the three most important early Japanese books on the history andtechnique of Chinese and Japanese acupuncture. This work is very different from all earlierChinese and Japanese books on the subject. For the first time, the illustrations are finely andrealistically rendered and are anatomically accurate, clearly influenced by European medicalworks which had circulated in Japan. Another important aspect of this book is that eighteenof the woodcuts, each depicting organs of the body, are finely handcolored. Also, the bodyis described in full, from head to foot, and is not entirely dependent on the fourteenmeridians.

Kosaka was a court physician of the fiefdom of Kameyama, who had studied under thefamous physician Motonori Taki (1731-1801), who was himself a member of a distinguishedfamily of doctors.

The publisher of this work was the exclusive publisher for the government sponsoredmedical school.

Very good set.

11. KUWABARA, Juan (or KORECHIKA). Shimpen Sanko [trans.: Treatment ofComplications from Pregnancy and Labor]. 15 full-page illus. 42; 38 folding leaves. Two vols. in

one. 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig. block-printed title label on upper cover, modern stitching. Kyoto: 1821. $2750.00

Second edition. “A quaint thought, but an altogether delightful one, is suggested in thetitle San ko, the interpretation of which we read in the preface as ‘childbearing…is like a ferryboat which is sailing on a big ocean.’ That two-volume obstetrical work was written entirelyin Chinese characters by the Japanese physician Korechika or Ishin Kuwabara, and was firstpublished in 1813 with a later edition in 1821 under the title Shimpen san ko. The illustrationsare well-drawn. It is intriguing to see again the representation of one-egg and two-egg twins,with no comment in the text other than ‘the two fetuses have one ena [placenta]’ or ‘each fetushas its own ena,’ respectively. In that work some attempt was made to describe embryonicmalformations and fetal monsters, and there is an illustration of anencephalia.”– Mestler, AGalaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books, II, p. 495.

Fine copy.

“Most Fascinating”–Mestler

12. MIZUHARA, Sansetsu. Sanka tangan zushiki [trans.: Illustrated Manual of UsingObstetrical Forceps]. Accordion printed album with 33 double-page illus. Two parts in one vol. Thick 8vo, orig. boards (quite rubbed), orig. block printed title label on upper cover. [Kyoto?]:1837. $4500.00

First edition. “Perhaps the most fascinating of the old books on obstetrics in the writer’scollection is a Japanese obstetrical atlas printed in one ‘accordion-style’ volume, composedby Sansetsu or Gihaku or Yoshihiro Mizuhara (1782-1864) and published in 1837 with the titleSanka zushiki. Mizuhara is now considered to have been the ‘Semmelweis of Japan,’ creditedwith saving many lives of both mother and child because of his knowledge and his inventions— different ‘styles’ of forceps or seekers or probes. Drawings of these Japanese obstetricalinstruments (which appear to be variations on those of the Kagawas) are shown, with manyillustrations of them in practical use. Prudery was not unknown in the practice of Japaneseobstetrics, and an illustration shows the physician ‘operating under the sheet.’…The onlyadvantage this ‘obscurity’ offered the Japanese physician was as a means for him to employthe obstetrical instruments which, by the traditional belief of the unsuspecting mothers ofJapan, he was not supposed to use. A second part of this atlas was devoted to illustrative casereports. The artist of the woodcuts for this obstetrical atlas was Unshorin Shiokawa (1807-77),who also contributed a postscript to that book describing his work. Sanka zushiki is a beautifulexample of the fine Japanese printing of that period, and the damp-staining of the copy in mycollection merely adds to its charm.”–Mestler, A Galaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books, II, p. 498.

This is a famously rare book and this is a good copy. It is extensively wormed throughoutbut with delicate and careful repairs.

Acupuncture & Moxibustion

13. OKAMOTO, Ippo. Shinkyu bassui taisei [Complete Essentials of Acupuncture andMoxibustion]. Many woodcut illus. in text. 33; 19; 20; 29; 26; 14; 12 folding leaves. Seven vols. 8vo, orig. wrappers (rather rubbed, some marginal worming in Vol. V & minor worming inVol. VII), orig. block printed title label on each upper cover, new stitching. Osaka: OkadaSaburoemon kanko, 1699. $9500.00

First edition of this very rare book on acupuncture and moxibustion, the taking of thepulse, and traditional Chinese medicine. This was one of the three most important works ofclinical medicine of the Edo period. The text clearly describes taking the pulse of patients,

both of adults and children. The nine tools used at that time for acupuncture are describedand illustrated (several of them are still in use today).

The present work is an elaboration of the influential work on moxa and acupuncture“Shinkyui bassui, by an unknown author or editor, published complete in five volumes in 1685. This treatise refers to an earlier Chinese work, unnamed, but probably meaning the Rei-su (orLing-shu), traditionally ascribed to the famous Chinese physician-emperor, KO-TEI (orHWANG Ti). The detail available in Shinkyu bassui, especially regarding descriptions andinstructions for use, is impressive — no less than 22 sections consider the following aspectsof moxa and acupuncture: theory; relationship to the pulse; stomach; other internal organs;treatment (which was differentiated by sex); the ‘philosophy’ of acupuncture; cautions in theuse of acupuncture and moxa; the preparation and use of moxa cones; how to removeneedles (including a separate section on needles which are broken off in the skin); how totwist the needle; how to hit the needle (with a mallet); how to use the needle with a tube; theuse of needles (with a separate section on their use in the treatment of boils); on the namesof spots (not the ‘right spots’) where — with extreme caution — acupuncture and moxa canbe used (regarded as ‘secret’ spots, not for the use of beginners in the art); how to measurefor location of sites to apply treatment; on needles in general; on names and lengths of bones;and, finally, on interrelations among nerves.”–Mestler, A Galaxy of Old Japanese MedicalBooks…Part II. Acupuncture and Moxibustion…, p. 476.

Okamoto (active 1685-1733), was a late-17th-century Japanese author who wrote a seriesof popular explanations of contemporary medical works and earlier medical classics. Hecame from a family of physicians.

Very good set.

14. OSANAI, Gen’yo. Ganka yakusetsu [trans.: Summary of Ophthalmology]. 22 finelyhand-colored full-page woodcuts. 35; 39, 30 folding leaves. Three vols. 8vo, orig. wrappers

(some marginal worming in Vol. III), orig. block printed title label on each upper cover, newstitching. Tokyo: 1872. $2750.00

First edition in Japanese of this collection of translations from a variety of Westernophthalmological texts. NLM suggests the author was Paul Silex (1858-1929), but this isclearly impossible. The present work is the earliest work published in Japan on Westerntechniques in ophthalmology, preceding the Ika zensho ganka-hen of 1879 (see Mestler, AGalaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books, IV, p. 336.

The attractive plates, all finely hand-colored, depict ophthalmological instruments anda series of surgical procedures.

Fine and fresh set.

Massage Therapy

15. OTA, Shinsai. Anpuku zukai [trans.: Illustrated Account of Massage]. Numerous illus.in the text (many full-page). 30 folding leaves. 8vo, orig. patterned wrappers (rubbed & alittle worn, some worming in blank upper margins), orig. block printed title label on uppercover, new stitching. Osaka: 1827. $3000.00

First edition. “The last monograph of importance on massage in old Japan was theAmpuku zukai, compiled and published by Shinsai Ota in 1827, which gave the technique ofmassage in text and illustrations.”–Mestler, A Galaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books, II, pp. 485-86.

This work by Ota, a physician in Osaka, serves as the foundation of modern Anpukutherapy. “Anpuku,” which means to “ease or calm the abdomen,” is a massage therapy whichcan be traced back to the Nara and Heian periods in Japan (710-1185 A.D.). It is still practicedin Japan.

The illustrations depict the therapist applying pressure to various parts of the body,pressure points, a baby receiving a massage, an expectant mother receiving a massage, a self-massage, the therapist massaging the breasts of a woman to stimulate her breast milk, etc.

A very nice copy.

“Important”

16. PLENCK (or PLENK), Joseph Jacob, Ritter von. Yoka shinsen [trans.: New Selectionon Surgery]. 37; 22; 17; 25; 21 folding leaves. Five vols. 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig. block-printed title labels on upper covers, new stitching. Edo, Osaka, & Kyoto: 1832. $5500.00

First edition in Japanese and an important book. “Kincho or Rikkyo [or Rikkei or Ryukei]Sugita (1786-1846), the son of the famous Gempaku Sugita, published a work in five volumesin 1830 [this is wrong or a typo; the correct date is 1832] entitled Yoka shinsen, which was atranslation of [the Dutch translation] of Joseph Jakob von Plenck’s Compendium institutionumchirurgicarum… (Viennae: R. Graeffer, 1780). The Yoka shinsen was important as the firstcomplete translation of a Dutch surgical work into the Japanese language.”–Mestler, A Galaxyof Old Japanese Medical Books. III, p. 157.

Vols. I and II are concerned with tumors; Vol. III with ulcers; Vol. IV with wounds; andthe fifth volume deals with pharmacology. In this volume, many of the drugs appear withLatin and Dutch names and Japanese translations.

Plenck (1738-1807), a member of the Viennese School, was, at one time or another,professor of chemistry, botany, surgery, anatomy, and obstetrics at the Joseph Academy at

Vienna.Fine fresh set.É Sugimoto & Swain, Science & Culture in Traditional Japan, p. 386–“the crucial work on

surgery was Yoka shinsen (New selections on surgery) by Sugita Ryukei (1786-1845; Genpaku’sson by a mistress), which was printed in 1832.”

Pharmaceutical Marketing in Early Japan

17. (QUACK MEDICINE). Ranpo Horutosu hiromekata [koho] kokoroegaki [trans.: Adviceson the sales of Horutosu, a Ranpo Medicine]. 29 leaves (first & last leaves serving as paste-downs,but with no printing on pasted-down sides). 8vo, orig. blue patterned wrappers, orig. block-printed title label on upper cover, new stitching. Osaka: Kihe Ohashi, n.d [ca. 1800].

$4500.00

This rare and fascinating publication teaches marketing strategies to sales agents for thesuccessful merchandising of the patent medicine “Horutosu,” a “ranpo” (“Dutch”) medicinecreated to treat chronic fluid retention and stomach cramps. This is one of the earliestexamples of a nation-wide commercial marketing of a drug in Japan. By the beginning of the19th century, the population of Japan began to recognize that Western medicines couldcontribute to general health. The manufacturer was Kanseido in Nagasaki who had ten salesagents in Osaka, Edo, Iwate, Akita, Sado, and several provinces.

The first double-page opening is a mock-up of a pamphlet to be circulated amongst thepublic, describing the benefits of the drug and correct dosages. On the following leaf, we findan index of twelve sales techniques for both wholesalers’ representatives and retailers: forinstance, if the client likes to drink sake, a good sale is guaranteed, because the drug willfacilitate good digestion.

The first half of the book is designed to resemble a scroll and the beginning has the title“Horutosu hiromekata no hisho” [“Secret Writings on the Advertising & Distribution ofHorutosu”]. Extremely detailed marketing instructions are given on how to make sure themedicine received a prominent spot on the retailers’ shelves with a legible sign, advertisingvia handouts and posters, making sure the handouts clearly explain the benefits of themedicine, how and where to hand-out samples, etc.

The second half of the book explains in greater detail the twelve essential sales techniquesmentioned on the second leaf. There are considerable similarities to Dale Carnegie’s How toMake Friends and Influence People. The final four leaves discuss inventory control, patterns ofsales through each month, and relationships with retailers (who resemble today’sfranchisers).

A fine copy. Some worming in upper blank margins and touching a few characters.

The Treatment of Infections

18. TAKEBE, Yu. Happo dano ko [trans.: Study of Drainage from Western Medicine]. Sevenfull-page woodcuts & a few smaller text illus. 49 folding leaves. 8vo, orig. wrappers, orig. titlelabel on upper cover with title in manuscript, modern stitching. Wakayama: KasedayaHiemon et al., 1818. $2950.00

First edition of Takebe’s translation and commentary of Lorenz Heister’s writings oninfections and their treatment. Heister (1683-1758), wrote one of the best and most complete

works on surgery of the 18th century. Translated into Japanese, it was enormously successful,introducing Western methods to many Japanese surgeons.

Takebe (1782-1842), a samurai, has included here all of Heister’s writings on infectionsand has provided a number of his own cases histories. A number of pharmaceutical recipesare described including aloe (the plant is illustrated on two pages). Methods of lancing areillustrated along with a number of Western surgical instruments.

Very nice copy.

“Remarkable”

19. UDAGAWA, Genshin. Seisetsu ihan teiko shakugi [trans.: Commentary on Essentials ofWestern Medicine]. Title-page, 1 (of two, lacking second leaf of first Foreword), 2, 8, 2, 21, 35,19 folding leaves. Three vols. in one. Large 8vo, orig. aubergine wrappers (some lightstaining in gutter of first ten leaves, a few leaves with minor mostly marginal worming),block-printed title label on upper cover, new stitching. Edo: Suharaya Ihachi, 1805.

[with]:

—. [Ihan teiko naisho dobanzu] [trans.: Copperplate Engravings of Organs of Ihan teiko]. Title-page,one leaf of foreword, 16 engraved plates, each with facing printed explanatory text, two pagesof “Afterword” and colophon. Large 8vo, bound accordion-style within old wooden boards. Edo: Suharaya Ihachi, 1808. $6500.00

First edition of this important and remarkable book. “In 1805 Genshin or ShinsaiUdagawa (1769-1834) published his Ihan teiko, which was a manual of anatomy in threevolumes of text, based on the works of Stephanus Blankaart (more correctly, StephenBlancard), Jean Palfyn (or Palfin), and JakobBenigus Winslow. Interestingly enough, Ihanteiko also includes lecture notes by a pupil ofUdagawa, named Toshi or Shun Suwa. Thesequence of anatomical structures elaborated inthis text is as follows: brain, nerve, thoracic andabdominal viscera, arteries and veins, intestines,the mesentery (described as a ‘double film’),lymphatic vessels, urogenital system,peritoneum, retina of the eye, blood, skin,subcutaneous tissue and fat, muscles, ligaments,bone, and cartilage. There is also a descriptionof the physiology of digestion. Reference wasmade to a mysterious liquid, called reiki (literally,‘spirit water’), in connection with the function ofthe nerves; the belief being that this producedthe clear liquids also found in the gall bladder,the pancreas, sweat glands, and in thecomposition of saliva, tears, etc., and wasidentified also with blood serum and lymph. Containing no illustrations, the text has anadvertisement at the end which states that anatlas for Ihan teiko will be issued later…

“This was done, and in 1808 appeared the remarkable atlas with the sub-title Naishodohan-zu containing, so the postscript by Kincho or Ryuikei Sugita states, the first copper-plate

engravings ever made in Japan for such a subject. The engravings were done by DenzenAodo, the most famous Japanese engraver in the Edo period, and were reputed to have beencopied so carefully that if they are compared with the original Dutch engravings nodifferences can be detected. The title leaf, bearing a medallion portrait of Stephen Blancardabove a scene showing him dissecting, was done by one of Aodo’s pupils, named Reikya[Reikyo] Arai. The sequence of engraved plates is as follows: brain, in situ and removed;spinal cord and system of nerves; tracheal, bronchial tree and lungs; heart and great vessels;vascular system; opening of the anterior abdominal wall to the greater omentum, showingthe successive layers of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and fascial coats, and peritoneum;dissection of the M. gastrocnemius to show the structure of its fibres; superficial muscles ofthe anterior and posterior aspects of the body; and fetus and immature skeleton. Each of theengraved plates is accompanied by an explanatory text on the opposite leaf.”–Mestler, AGalaxy of Old Japanese Medical Books, Part I, pp. 315-16.

A nice set. Lacking one leaf of the first Foreword in the text volume.

20. YAO, Gencho. Gorui Ri Ten sensei igaku nyumon [trans.: Reorganized text of Dr. LiChan’s Yi xue ru men for convenient use]. Six full-page woodcut illus. in the text. 17 vols. Large8vo, orig. blue wrappers (quite rubbed), orig. block-printed title labels on covers (rubbed),new stitching. Kyoto: Murakami Kanbe et al., 1722. $12,500.00

Second edition to be printed in Japan, of Yixue rumen [trans.: Primer on the Study ofMedicine or Entering the Door of Medicine] of Li Chan (fl. 1573-1619). An influentialintroductory Chinese medical textbook published in 1575, it is itself a condensation of theimportant Gu Jin Yi Tong [trans.: Old and Modern Medical Generalities] by Xu Chunfu,published in 1556 in 100 volumes. This work gathered medical knowledge from over 300published and unpublished Chinese medical classics. In Beijing, Xu Chunfu established oneof the first medical associations for doctors, the Medical Society for Harboring Kindness.

Our work is printed in Chinese with Japanese reading marks. It contains manyimportant passages concerning acupuncture. Three of the full-page woodcuts depict pressurepoints. The first volume contains a very useful “grand index” for the remaining volumes. The remaining volumes are a comprehensive collection with an overall summary of the basic

theories and clinical departments of traditional Chinese medicine, including physician’s bio-bibliographies, discussions of the different schools of medicine, pulse-taking methods, thedoctrine on five elements and six natural influences, channels and collaterals, acupunctureand moxibustion, materia medica, health preservation, obstetrics, pediatrics, surgery, andtreatment in clinical practice of different departments and medical cases.

The first edition printed in Japan appeared in 1666; both are rare.Very good set with occasional minor, mostly marginal, worming.