AsiaThe riches of the East

India

The British East India Company– Started as a trading company

in India for spices When Indian Princes refused

to allow the company to trade the Company created an army and conquered the nations

“Jewel of the Crown”

British took over India– Indians resisted, but were

unsuccessful

India: 18c-early 19cIndia: 18c-early 19c

British East India British East India Company AgentsCompany Agents

British Opium Warehouse British Opium Warehouse in in

Patna, India Patna, India

Selling Patna Selling Patna Opium in ChinaOpium in China

•Sepoy Mutiny: 1857-58•Indian soldiers refused to load their rifles and were imprisoned. Once freed they killed British officers and marched to Delhi to restore the Mughal emperor to the throne

•Britain re-took control and established Queen Victoria as Empress of India

Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal EmperorHe was deposed by the British, and died in exile in Burma

Queen Victoria in India

A LifeA Lifeofof

Leisure!Leisure!

Darjeeling Railroad, Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s1880s

Simla: Little England in Simla: Little England in the the

mountains of India mountains of India

Victoria Station, BombayVictoria Station, Bombay

Chartered Bank of Chartered Bank of Calcutta, Calcutta,

1915 1915

Indian National Congress (formed in 1885)

Educated Indians, predominantly Hindu, demanded increasing equality & self-gov't

Independce movements start in 1915 India became independent in 1946

(just after WWII)

Indian National Congress

Young Mohandas K. Young Mohandas K. Gandhi, Gandhi,

1876 1876

1869 - 19481869 - 1948

Gandhi with the LondonGandhi with the Londonvegetarian society, 1890vegetarian society, 1890

Gandhi as a Lawyer in Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. AfricaJohannesburg, So. Africa

Complete activity “British Imperialism in India”

Imperialism in SE Asia Complete Activity: 11.5

ChinaThe Middle Kingdom

to the European Playground

Center of the World

Self-sufficient

Healthy agriculture of rice and tea

Rich salt, iron, silver, and tin mines

Beautiful silks, cottons and porcelain

Tea for Opium (drug)

Europeans wanted China’s Tea

China only wanted silver as payment

Europeans introduced Opium to pay for tea– Opium is illegal in

Britain By 1835, 12 million

Chinese were addicts

Opium War Chinese ask Britain to

stop importing Opium British refuses and

China declares war (1839)

China loses, Britain gains port of Hong Kong

Opium trade continues

China’s Weakness (1850-1911)China’s leader: Empress Cixi

-Led as part of the Manchu Qing Dynasty

Wanted no reforms because it would weaken her power– Taiping Rebellion

Converted Chinese Christians led rebellions against traditionalist

– Chinese government thought accepting Western religions was dangerous.

• Defeated the rebellion with help of Europeans

After the Chinese get help from the Europeans…

China is carved up into Spheres of Influence– By Britain, France, Germany, Russia,

Japan, even Portugal

Question… Several internal forces make Africa

vulnerable to colonization (a variety of cultures and languages with internal strife, low technology, and ethnic strife). What internal forced affected the Western cultures dominating China?

Question… Several internal forces make Africa vulnerable to colonization

(a variety of cultures and languages with internal strife, low technology, and ethnic strife). What internal forced affected

the Western cultures dominating China? – Lack of advanced military technology in

China– Domestic issues– Weak central government– Difficulties caused by opium imports

What might these “spears” lead to?

The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900

The Peaceful The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.Harmonious Fists.““55 Days at Peking.”55 Days at Peking.”

“The Catholics…have conspired with foreigners, have caused China trouble, wasted our national revenue, broken up our monasteries, destroyed Buddhist images, and seized our people’s graveyards.

Now…all the sprits have descended to teach our young men their magic boxing so they can extinguish the foreigners.”

Boxer Rebellion (1900)“Death to the foreign devils”

Boxers attacked foreign section of Beijing– Took hostages

20,000 foreign troops were sent to free hostages sent by:

– UK, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, US

Foreign troops won easily

Chinese “Republic”?Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-

sen)– Leader of the Kuomintang

(Nationalist Party)– Doesn’t last long

By 1916, Chinese Civil war

Complete Activity 12.2

JapanLand of the Rising

Sun

Controlled by the Shogun (military leader)

Closed to the outside world– Only port of Nagasaki was

open to the Dutch– Shipwrecked sailors were

beheaded Anti-Western and Anti-

Christian: no missionaries allowed in

From 1639

to 1854

US Commodore Matthew Perry

1853 US sends 4 warships to Edo (Tokyo)

1854 US sends 10 warships (1,600 men) to receive Japan’s answer

European nations soon follow

Meiji Era Group of reform

minded Samurai wanted to copy West– Shogun was unwilling to

change

Reformers backed the young Emperor (15 yrs old)– Emperor wins and

changes his name to Meiji

“Enlightened Rule” reforms

Copies western nations– Universal education

(US)– strong central

government (Germany)– Army (France then

Germany’s)– Navy (Britain’s)

Modernization Industrialization

– 1872 Japan builds first railroad

– Thousands of factories– Export tea and silk to

import machinery Armed Forces

– 1890 Japan had 500,000 soldiers

– Trained in western tactics with modern weapons

Old Flag to New Flag

Expansion Sino(Chinese)-

Japanese War (1895)– Fought over Korea

Japan wins– Gains island of Taiwan

Russo-Japanese War (1904)

Fought over Korea and Manchuria– Japan destroys

Russian fleets– Japan annexes

(claims) Korea and controls Manchuria

Korea: the Japanese Colony

Schools were taught in Japanese– No Korean history

Took land from Koreans and gave it to Japanese– Illegal for Korean to own

businesses in Japan

But…Japan did modernize Korea

Japanese Invade Korea

Korean Resistance Fighters

The last piece of the Asian puzzle

America’s Empire in the East

Spanish-American War (1898)– King Philip II of Spain had

conquered the Philippines in the 1500’s

– America declares war on Spain in a dispute over Cuba

America wins the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico and control over Cuba

Filipino Resistance

The Filipinos expected to be granted independence but instead were handed over to the US

For two years Filipino rebels fought against the US

Australia Britain sets up a

Penal (prison) colony in Australia.

Great place to dump extra population.

Australia was granted self-rule by the British in 1901