asia technologies limited – training materials – all rights reserved asia technologies invites...

Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

asia technologies

Invites you for a

Walk Thro’

The land of

“RFID”


Auto Identification TechnologiesHelp machines

to identify

Objects, People and Animals.


• Bar code

• OCR

• Voice Recognition

• Biometrics (retinal scan, Fingerprint,etc)

Other Auto Id TechnologiesOther Auto Id Technologies


What is RFID?

Radio wavesPeoplePeople Objects &Objects & animalsanimals

PeoplePeople Objects &Objects & animalsanimals

to to identifyidentify


How to identify?

• Storing Serial number of “subject” to be identified on an attached microchip equipped with antenna

• This Serial number is termed as

“Unique Identification Code”

(UID)


Barcode

Most pervasive Auto ID Technology is Barcode

BARCODE VS RFID

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE


Barcode Vs RFID

BARCODE RFID

LOS is needed No need for LOS

Requires Physical contact

Physical contact with the reader is not required

Individual scanning Several tags can be read at a time

Affected by moisture Withstands harsh environment

Limited storage capacity Higher storage capacity


RFID Components

• Reader or Interrogator

• Tag or Transponder

• Host computer (Back-end system)


Elements of RFID System


Reader Functions

• Queries the tag

• Obtains information (about product)

• Decodes the message received from the tag

• Conveys tag information to the back-end system for processing


Reader – What’s inside?


Tag

Microchip

+ Transponder (or) Tag

Antenna }


Passive Transponder What’s inside ?


Types of tag

Passive tag - Draws power from the reader signal.

Active tag - With battery on board.

Semipassive -Passive tag with small battery.

It usually incorporates onboard

SENSOR to monitor state of item

such as temperature. Sleeps until

awakened by reader.


Classification of tag

• Read Only - Programmed by the manufacturer

• WORM - Write Once-Read Many

User initialized after manufacture

• Read/Write - Information read from or written

into the tag by the reader/Writer

- Asymmetric read and write

operating range


Transponder Examples


HOW RF BEHAVES?

METAL – Metals reflect RF

Radio waves bounce off metals

WATER/LIQUIDS– RF Waves are absorbed to

varying degrees

“RFID using LF(<150 KHZ) exhibits better

performance and stability in above environments”


Interference

• Metal interferencesMetal packaging blocks / corrupts signal some tags may not be read when attached to metal

• Frequency interferencesLimits identification of a particular tag when

surrounded by other tags operating at same frequency.


Data Rate Vs Frequency

• The larger the quantum of data to be read in given time, the higher the frequency to be deployed in RFID

• For reading bulk data in short span of time, higher frequencies are used.

E.g.. multiple tags in mobile environments.


RFID Frequencies

RFID is characterized by the frequencies used for identification.

Low Frequency - < 135 KHZ High Frequency - 13.56 MHZ UHF Frequency - 860-960 MHZ

Microwave (SHF) - 2.4 & 5.9 GHZ


LF Advantages

• Free from regulatory limitations

• Well suited for applications requiring reading small amount of data at slow speeds and minimum distance.

• Penetrates material well (water, tissue, wood)


LF Disadvantages

• Does not penetrate or transmit around metals• Handles only small amount of data• Slow read speeds• Large antennas• Minimum rangeTag Construction• Thicker (compared to 13.56MHz)• More complex (more turns required)• More expensive (compared to 13.56MHz)


HF Advantages

• Well suited for applications requiring reading small amount of data and minimum distance

• Penetrate water/tissue well• Simple antenna design• Less expensive• Higher data rate • Thinner tag construction (compared to LF)

This is popularly known as “smart card frequency”


HF Disadvantages

• Does not penetrate or transmit around metal• Large antenna size (compared to UHF/Microwave

frequencies)• Larger tag size than at higher frequencies• Read range < 0.7 m


UHF Advantages

• Effective around metals

• Ideal for range > 1m

• Tag size smaller than HF

• Smaller antenna

• Higher data rate

• Controlled read zone (thro’ antenna directionality)


UHF Disadvantages

• Does not penetrate water/tissue

• Regulations (different frequency bands in different countries)


Tag Reading Capability

Anti collision

-- Ability to communicate with several transponders simultaneously

-- Important in longer range readers

-- Implemented at silicon chip design stage


STANDARDS – Why?• To increase customer confidence in new technology• To promote worldwide RFID acceptance and

technology advancement• To broad base market for manufacturers stimulate

competition and reduce costs for end users.• To facilitate application development by

encouraging interoperability & by reducing customization

• To provide development platform for complementary products (software translators, hardware accessories)


RFID STANDARDS

Two international standards making bodies

ISO EPC Global

Conflicting

EPC Objectives:• Primary Mission Low cost tag standard• Standard to be open for tracking purposes• Open Network architecture

to enable anyone to access the information from database using unique ID.


EPC – Tag Data Format

• Size -- 96 bits

• Header -- Defines data types(8 bit)

• EPC Manager-- Details of orginator(34 bit)

• Object Class -- Describes Product type(20 bit)

• Serial number -- Unique ID for Product(34 bit)


UHF RFID standard for India

• India adopts 865-867 MHz for RFID

• Wireless Planning and Co-ordination (WPC) Under Ministry of Communication assigned the 865-867MHz band for RFID


Applications

Broad Classes• Proximity or Short Range

• Vicinity or Long Range

Proximity – E.g.. Access control Mass transit ticketing

Vicinity –E.g.. Railcar tracking Highway toll collection Supply chain management


RFID Applications

Broadly applied to five market segments

• Track &Trace

• Manufacturing

• Asset management

• Security & access control

• Consumer applications


Track & Trace

• Track and trace is a broad umbrella concept

popularly known as SCM

• The right label can take the labor out of track and

trace processes

Includes Parcel and postal application


Supply chain management

Tagging pallets, cases & returnable containers


Supply chain management

• Gives total asset visibility

• Date of manufacture written into tag memory

to facilitate selling by date & avoiding

spoilage and out of stock


Parcel and post

• Improves tracking during sorting and delivery processes

Features:

• Line of sight not required

• Orientation of items is not a concern


Manufacturing

• Most technologically advanced element of supply

chain

• Sophisticated IT system geared for real time data

• Manufacturer assumes responsibility for product

life cycle management

• Potential gains in terms of cost reduction & added

value


Manufacturing

Features on assembly line:• Read/write tags• High accuracy• Real-time inventory of raw material, WIP & finished

goods.• Enables tracking of product genealogy


Manufacturing

• Monitoring of

post production

performance

• Simplifies

product recall

• Realization of JIT


Asset management

For high value items in• Warehouses• Manufacturing plants• Offices• Complexes

UsingUsing• RFID tag – transmitting periodic signalsRFID tag – transmitting periodic signals• Intelligent locatorsIntelligent locators• Central computerCentral computer


Asset management

Common Applications:

• Library management

• File & document tracking

• Gas cylinder management

• Warehouse management


Library management

Features: Automates issues and returnsAutomates issues and returns Provides real time inventory visibilityProvides real time inventory visibility Scanners on shelves for automated Scanners on shelves for automated

inventoryinventory Minimizes labor costMinimizes labor cost


File and document tracking

Important and valuable document files Important and valuable document files

can be RFID tagged to facilitate security, can be RFID tagged to facilitate security,

location tracking and filing. location tracking and filing.


Gas cylinder management

• Reduction of gas cylinder losses

• Delivery warranty• Personalized

invoice• Automation of

processes


Warehouse management


Warehouse Management

Warehouse,InventWarehouse,InventoryorySpecial Special equipment, Labor equipment, Labor resourcesresources

Warehouse,InventWarehouse,InventoryorySpecial Special equipment, Labor equipment, Labor resourcesresources

Receiving, Put-Receiving, Put-awayawayLight assemblyLight assemblyOrder pick-up & Order pick-up & ShipmentShipment

Receiving, Put-Receiving, Put-awayawayLight assemblyLight assemblyOrder pick-up & Order pick-up & ShipmentShipment

To direct flow of To direct flow of material & material & information information

ManageManagess


Security & access control• Data from smartcard sent to control zone computer• After authentication door/gate is released for entry/exit• For high security areas, biometric feature is included• Operates with long range antenna controlling turnstile or

revolving door• Data display system to facilitate supervisionCommon Applications: Access control Airline baggage tagging Parking lot access Vehicle identification


Access control

• Involves identity card with RFID tag

Feature:

• Contactless, secure & tamper-proof


Airline Baggage tagging

Airlines have successfully

run. RFID trials

• Improved read rates(99%) with RFID

• Rewriting feature on tag provides additional functionality at checkpoints


Parking Lot Access

RFID Provides Quick identification of vacant lots Automatically records entry/exit data Provides complete vehicle history Automated collection of parking tolls


Vehicle identification

Environment:

• Fleet and vehicles in facility

Features:

• Determines current position of each vehicle in facility

• Information stored in database for integration with fleet MIS


Consumer applications

Typical Garments Laundry Healthcare Automatic ticketing Retail Jewellery management


Garments

• Value for brand owners

• Authentication of garments by unique identity

• Facilitates detection of counterfeit

• Minimizes shrinkage and out of stock


Laundry Laundry • Most reliable automation

• Increased productivity &

profitability because of 100% read

rate

• 100% Tracking from laundry to

customer premises

• Reduction of losses - Optimum

inventory management


Healthcare


Automatic ticketing

• Contactless card / ticket used

Feature:

• Minimal reader maintenance

• Eliminate fraudulent use of counterfeit tickets


Jewellery management

• Designed to manage &

track at retail level

Feature:

• Increases operational

efficiency, security and

accuracy of inventory

management

• Avoids theft and loss of

jewels


Miscellaneous applications

Animal tagging Waste management Road toll management Sports time recording Paper reel tracking People tracking Ore tracking


Animal identification

• Mandatory in US & Canada consequent to mad cow disease

• provides information regarding identity and lineage of animals

Technology Features:

• 135KHz LF used (ISO 11784, ISO 11785)

• Read rates 90% max, short range & directional sensitivity

• UHF system with better read rates under consideration.


Waste management

• Facilitates Real time monitoring of operations

• Optimization of Waste collection

• Accurate billing for the citizen


Automatic toll collection

Benefits:• Increases patron convenience

and safety with nonstop payment

• Improves traffic flow/reduces commute times

• Reduces traffic congestion • Lowers operating costs for toll

operators• Provides proven reliability and

unparalleled accuracy


Sports Timing• Records or collect the perfect

timing data of athletes in

marathon

Features:

• Withstand harsh weather

condition because the glass tag is

packaged in specially designed

plastic

• Guards against Fraud


Paper reel tracking

• Tracking paper reel thro’ production & further through global paper supply chains

• Paper reels are moved on conveyer belts and by clamp trucks

• Provide 100% multi read capability

• RFID reader positioned on conveyor belt, clamp trucks & docking doors


People trackingPeople tracking

Used in

• Entrance management for security

• Contact management at events

• Monitoring physical movements

• Baby tags in hospitals

Goals:

• To obtain real time location of individual within tracking zone

• Provide value added services with same infrastructure


Ore tracking


Ore tracking

• Tracking of wet ores on conveyor belt in rugged

mining environment

• Reliable reading at conveyor speeds up to 5m/sec

• Tag with primary flexible packaging and

secondary packaging of PU

• Reader height: 30-50cm above are.


RFID in the pharmaceutical industry

• Pedigree reporting: Track medications from

component parts to distribution

• Anti-counterfeiting: Identify counterfeit drugs

before they are distributed

• Anti-diversion: Improve the distribution of drugs

according to need

• Cold chain management: Verify the proper

transport of temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals


What is the limit...

The Sky?

or

Your Imagination


What happens to the RFID data gathered by readers?

This data is processed by

“MIDDLEWARE”


What is middleware?

Software layer residing between

RFID hardware

&

Existing back-end system application software


System Infrastructure

Reader

..

..

mmiiddddlleewwaarree

EntEntererpripriseseApAppliplicatcationion


What does it do?

Extracts data from readers

Filters

Aggregates the information

Routes data to enterprise system (WMS, ERP etc)


What does RFID cost

Fixed costs• Readers• Antenna• Printers• Network infrastructure• Data collection software• Business middleware• Integration, installation and trainingVariable costs• Tag• Tag application (labor support and maintenance)


Hardware Cost Trends

Initially High Costs inhibited adoption of RFID

Now• With advances in Technology• Standardization efforts

There is steady decline in costs.


Prices will plummet


Benefits of RFID

• Facilitates process automation

• Improves security & prevents theft through access control

• Determines real time location of tagged objects

• Improves management of tracked objects

• Authenticates products and protects brand name & know-how

• Promotes enterprise- wide innovation


RFID Hardware Vendors

IPIC

O

Texas

Instr

umen

tsUPM raflatac

FEIG

Printronix

Sokymat

smartkey

Securakey

wavetren

d

Alientechnology

AWID

sirit

symbol

Psion techlogix

Omron rfid

IRIS

Power ID Intelleflex

Savi technology

IDENTC SOLTIONS

SCA

NPA

K

SAMSys

Tagsense

inc.


RFID is

Simply NOT a PRODUCT

But

an Enabled Technology


RFID - as a technology

• Changes old ways of doing things Alters competitive position

• Create new industry Changes work practices Expands the role of system integration

• Brings a fundamental different value proposition


RFID - as a technology

• Leads to emergence of

new productsRedefinition of industryShake-up of competitive structure

• Fundamentally changes market for products and services of companies


RFID is not hype

It is

asia technologies limited – training materials – all rights reserved asia technologies invites...

Documents

auto id technologies

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difference slide

processing slide

land of rfid slide

tag information

end system slide

tag antenna