Asia-Pacific Journal ofPublic Health

EDITORIAL BOARD

EDITOR-IN-CIII EF

rrVah Yun brvHeahh Reseatch Da,cltnnten! Uni!

Facul*'of ltledicineUnh,eniD' of Nlalqrt

Kwtlo I tnpur, l\lulo.riu

DEPUTY EDITOR-IN.CHIEF

Colin BinnsDepainrcrl of NturitionSchool of Public ;lealth

Clrrnirr Lrrirrnih o.[ [achnologlPrnJr..,1rrr1r,. ia

ASSOCLATE EDITORS

Sian GrifllthsSchml of Piliic I lealth

Thc Chinrtsc Urilcnitl of I lorry KuryI lory Kong

1\lalcolnr SinrNionash Octtn: .fttr ()tL rryttirnurl

anl littironntnttal I lulthDeloflrtctrt of Epidcnirlogt ti

P ra,en I )te ltl elit'inel\lonash Unit'cni\'

l\ I c lltou nr e, /\t t st ro I At

Alesamine _f irnba

Craduttc Schrxl of lled.icineLj"i['rth (y' Ti];qo

'Iitktrt, -luyut

Scrrng-\\irok LccScltxl rt.l Pultlic l-Icaltlt

Sr'rrrrl r\rrrtiorrr/ UrrilenitScoul, Raptltlic o.f Korea

Alist:rir \4/oodr.ar<l, Universitv of Aurklrrnd, Nerr' 7-calancl

Andrcrr,Prcnticc, London Schrxrl ol llr,gicnc rrnd Irol;ic;rlMcclicinc, Unircd Kingtlom

Arrtly Jtrhrrron, lJniversitv of Sorrtlrern (irrli{irrni;r. US,\

Anu:rr /rrirri l\1r1. Zrirr, i\lrrnirslr LJnircrsilv i\l:rl;rrsi:r, ll;rl;rvsirr

lJrirrn ()lcicrrburg, Nlrrnirsh Univrrsitl', r\rrsrnlirr

Chiz-uru Nishida, World llealth Organisation, (icnoa,Srvitzcrl.r, td

I)at Vrn I)uong, Unitcd Nations Population Frrntl. \/ictnanr

David Sandcrs, University of Wcstcrn Capc, Sourh r\lrica

Jenniler P. Unqer, Univcrsity of Sorrrhcrn Calilornia,'USA

Kenji Hayashi. llational Institute ol Public llcalth, Japanl{rcmlin Wickra,nasinghc, Univcrsity of Colombo, Sri l-rrnkir

Lc Vu Anir, lJanoi School of Public I lcalrh. Victnanr

Zurai lah l\lohd DonDcltarlrtct rj Errg/i.rL lanBtage

Fdculh of Lt ,1rr,'1, . rrrrd Lirrgrri-stic.s "Urrir. r,,l o.i lulalaa

hrialir Lrrrr, prr4 Ilcl4sin

i\lohd Amin Jalaludinl)c1':rtr \;ilr-(.-l,rr rc dlor's O.ffi ce

[]rirtnitl o/ AlalrnrrI.rrrr/r /.rlrrJrrrl I Inlr4sirr

l-iming l-cc, Irrking Univcrsitv i\ledical Center, China

trlirrcel -lirnnt.r, Suiss 1'ropical Insritute, Srvitzerland

f I ir'hrrcl Drurnc, Qrrccnslirncl L: iriversitr. of Tcchnolo15,,r\lr\trirliil

trlr:lrrn (irrprc, N;rliorrll lrrstitrrtl ol l:pitlcnriologr', Inrlia

trlohcl. r\nrin lalrrluclin. Univcrsin of Nlalava, Nlaiaysia

Orarran Kacrrboonclroo, i\lahidol University,, Thaiiandllichard F. Southbl Ceorge \\,ashington Universiry, USA

Sharon fonn, Unilcrsitv of thc \\'ifrvatersrrnd, South AfricaT. \/aragunant, Eastcrn Universitv, Sri Lanka

\\/ai J. Chcn, National Taiwan University, Tailyan

Xiro I\la, Sichuan Univcrsitl,, China

)irt Lin WongI laal:h Research Dn'clopntenl Uilt

l:ncrl4' of l\l etlicintL/rirrnirl of Ilolatrr

Kut I a Lun y u r, ll,l al a1'si t r

Ee f\'ling lCrooI)e1tur1uL ttt of Prinon Curc llctlit:ittc

Irrt trl4 oI l\lc,lic.ittcUnivtnit)'oJ'Alrlayu

litnlo Lrrntpur, f\l nl6sitt

I{UAIA LU]\,IPUR EDITORIAL COJ\{]\IITTEE

Auang Bulgiba ar.ang l\lahnrudDcpadnrnt of Social arl

l)r 'r'errtirt' ,\lcrli, irrrUrrir.'nih o.f i\ltlota

Arra/c Lrrlrprr r, llrr/a1:si,r

Ishak Abrlul RazrkI) qt t rl u t t' t t t o.l' ('. o n nn t, t i I 1 l) o t I i s t 11

lirctrltt ol l)oti:trtL/lirtnitr rr/-,\la/rrrrr

A la/rr l-rrrrrlrrrr,,\l,r/,4:rirr

IN'IIjllNi\-l lONAL BO,.\lll) Ol: Al)\'lSOIiS

ltt

As La-Pacific Journal ofPublic Health

Volunre 20 Sr-rpplcn'rcnt October 2008

Editorial'fhe llistorY artcl N4issitltr ol l'.itgtrrvrr NL'rtritiorr Urrivcrsitv

Shigeji ltlitagi

fI-i-i'.ol A.ticlpcv r rlirr

Thc Co,-ts'r*ption of Traclitional Foocls in Alongolia

Tiry1 rmilt n t\l.inraa, Ztrndtri'4ri tnrbil cg' tut d Il e != D a urLtt serctt

Lxplorrngl \\/h1' Grrls Smoltc in l\lal:tvsill - A Qualitativc Approacir '

f.rtabilla Al-Sndut, ttttd (lolirt 111. llirrrr.s

Irrflr,cpgt, 6l'Aptg6irt:rl (lirrt,, l)lirct'trtirl \\t'iglrr ltrtl (lt'rrt'lic \/rtriittitrtr rrtr

l-orv []irth \\t'ight, N'litli.irssirr lrrtlotrt'sirt

Ridtvan Anrin:cltlin, and Irotrrrt Ytrsrrf l5

A Casc llrport of Anti-smoking N'lt'astrrcs at a JaPancsc Srnall-scalc \\/orksitc

Ifiron'ti Ar iyosli I 8

Dietary and I-i{'estyle Ilisli lrar:trrrs lirr Nonconrn.runicablc I)iscase anlong

tlrc N4,rngolilrn [)oPtrlitlionNrsrot, IJolortttnu, Itrtsttttbrr:rtr Nr,trttrilrt.]'rl, lllrl.r'irrt tllitttt I)r' ('.rtttrlctt,

Pslam Etrl<ltltrl'u, anrl Snrtbtttr'l'scgrrred 23

I)ocs I)rcnatirt Ultrasorr rr,l [,r.1r,,s,'r. Inl'ltrt'rrt'c tht: l)elclolrtttctrt of C]hilclrcn?

IJhrrnl'nltltarlh Oltoitrtttl', utttl Srttttl:'i'tltit'os \1'rrrrrr/t't - . -3 I

A Descriptivc Str.rcll'of'Nonf'ltrrl, Unintcrrtiotrirl Flonri'-lrrrsctl Irr.iurl in

Urban :l-cttitrgs: l:,r'iclcncc Irorn I long Korle

Enilly YingYtmg Chan, Jean II. I..ittt, Qucuric Ng, Sirrrr Ori.fftths' attrl

Josol:IL Tqk Fai Lsu 39

Povertl' and I-Iousehold Foocl lr.rscctrriiv in N'longolia

D alaij rl,ttts Chin c d fu rl a m, C r n r sl t i r I) nl o i.i a r t t t s, I I t I pa IJ n rd o s,

and'fscrendorj Tsct,egdorj r 49

'fhc Sr,k:rclo School-basccl "sholitril<tr" I:ootl rrntl NtttritionIf dr.rcaI itr;r l)rojcctJttnlt"o i:uiilutru, Shinralto l\'lttIrt, \itl'.nt'i'Ihllrnti..llitottti Oftrrlro,

Itlisultrt'lhnuhu,u\/rio lirrcirrlu, trttil.Srrlo.s/ri .Srrsrrfti 57

Food Security Issues lor Low-income Flawaii Residents

KaLie M. Heinrich, Lattra J. Y, Hstt, Courtney B' Johnson, Yukn Joktr'ra'

Martha Rider, and. JaY E, Ivladdach

Genetic Polymorphisms of Xenobiotic Enzymes Affect Human

Vitamin C ExcretionShiztt. Higasa, N,Iosattt Tsrrjitttttro, i\4anri If irttoktt, KaLi'riro Nakal'aruq,

Yo shiko \htza gistrn' a, S tt c! uh i k-o I w u n t o Lo,'u t d Yu s t r o Ku gtt:tt' tt

The concenrrarions of Blood sugar and HbAlc are significantly Higher

in g/g Homo, Ygotes oFAdiponectin t45g Polymorphism than in

Heterozygotes and Wild TYPes

Chisuto Hirai, a''ndYasuo Kagawa

Alcoirol Consunrption in Patients $,ith (jhronic Obstructive Pulmonarv

Disease in JaParrFuni Hiroyarrta, '\trd1' FI' Lee, Colitt \Y' Ilitrtts,lbrtt Ogo'

,ti r,l li<ticlt i NisL i rrr rr rti

Declir.rir.rg Lor,gevity Aclvantagc ",,.1

[-orv 13irthrvcight irr oliinarva

Torliko Hoknma, cutd Colin' Bhms

r\re Japanese (lriteria for obesity Useful for Scree|ring at RiskJapanese?

' Conuid"rution from Anthrolometric Indices-percentage Body Fat

RelationshiPsMtrsahant liog,,,",, lirsrrri/ri Taharct, Nrraia i\,I. 81'nte, Itu=uhilto llloji,

llorialzi Tstnur vcrlie' ancl Antlreu P' HiIIs

Relationship b-[rveen Genetic Po[i'm6tP1-'1'm, Serum Folate and

Homocvsteine'n r\lz"hein'rer's Disease

NI itst r'y o Ka ge1' tt n n, NI rt n i H i r a olut, a t td Vts uo Ka gaw a

BNII for Age Rel'erences for Japanese Children- Based on the 2000

Grorvth SurveY

Norl.Iro Kato, iiayoko Sato, Hiclemi Taldntoto' snd Norilzo Sttdo

A Pilot Study olAdvice on Phvsicai Activitv in Senior Disabled

Individuals in Rurai JaPant\kira Kinntra, ttt'Ld Shigeji tr'ti1'ttgi

Hearry internet Use ancl Corre latiorrs $'itll lt-rtcrperstltral Behavior-rrs

alnong Universitv Eutratrts in llong liong

Clt.ttn Hortg Lirrr, 5irilr i\1. c,'r{Jirlrs, JIrlic lir|rri \l"irrg (J/rr;rr" Iieu Yrtlt Fui F-on;,

Pcntlitte XIei Yin Knrr )lrcrr' tttttl Jaart I I Kirrr

.fhe lntp;rct ot,.hc ltl\/ Lpidenric orr llcrrlth ser|icts itl (lrrrttlrotlill:

A Delphi Studl'StrlslteaP Leartg

64

70

30

t1 /

95

til

r02

118

r28

1J+

I-+l

A Review of Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and -Ireatment System

in the Dernocratic People's Republic of Iiorea (DPRK)

John A. Lintort, Bentard Tan, ttrtd Alichacl Caset' 148

A Study of Risk Factors lor Non-intentional Domestic Injuries amongI're sciroolcrs in Thrcc SLrbrrrban Arcas of Sri I-arrka

Isurujith ii. Lil,anage, Asltatt C. A. Pathirarra. Kretrtlin K. if ichrnrtrasinghe,Indikn hi. kurtrnollrilttlu', utrtl ,'\sr'lrr ()/rr1r,i/i_tt,,.,, 1 56

A Bionar'Her lor Exposurc to Organophosphate and Carbamatc PesticidesSl,ari|-llttsitt Ltrbis artd Nlagdi [/ Scr.si, Saltttrtttrr Ilrr.s.scin Irrorol ilrr.s.scir,)\'loor lbralritn Salian, Rultint Sallclt,Jantil llulhi, artd I',ltaled AI Klran.t:sq' 162

Dictary N4oclilicatior.r in a \\brkpllcc I lcirl-h Pron.rolion l)rogranr inl(ulllr Lrr rnyrur. iri rrl:rvsi;r

Foong [\4ing Mo1', Atil,a Ab Sallanr, and i\Icc Liart \\'ortg 166

Comparatire Study on Poll,morphisms in Genes Assocjat':d u'ithLifestylc Related Diseases in Asian and Pacific PopulationsKazuhiro )\Jalu1,s111o, Mun.khtulga Lltlng-t,anren, \bshilo \hnagisatvcr,Nananti Utsutni, Maki Kumada,Takat,a Gotoh, Sadahilo lu,antoto,andYasuo l{agawa 173

The Relationship betvveen Serum Leptin Conccntr:rtion and the Percentageof Bocly' Fat in Japanese High School StudentsKeiJzo Na'u.,ait, Hironti Ishida, Ka=thiro IJenishi, and If idelti Kudo 180

Preter-red Frequency of N4enstruatiorr in I"long liong fll'rinese \\/omen:Charactcristics and Factors

Queeni Tse I{a1, Ng, attd Pong l\4o \tuert i 89

Occupational Injuries as Rcported in the \/ietnant l\lulti-centerlnjrrrv Srrrrcl'Ila T. Ngul'en, Cuotzg \1. Plnm, il4attltev lie i.fcr, ond Churles X4ock 196

Pr,rblic I lc:rlth Ilcsponsibilit), irr tlrc 'l h;ri (lorr:;titutionrl l-iru, bctu,ccrr19 32-2006 (8.E. --+75-2549)Surachart Na NongLlrai, and Strthee LJsothaltorrt 203

Mortality in East Asian Countries in the Pre -u'ar Pcriod:A Qrrasi-erperimental Stud1, on I-lcalthv lrnmigrant EflectsEtsuji Ohunrotc 208

Risk Behaviors for HIV/AIDS among Youth in Rural Area of N{vanmarOranut Pacheun, Ei Ei Su,e, and Arltaporn Pottt,atturna 2l];

Breastfeeding Foilou,ing Cacsarcan Scction in Zhejiang Province:Public Health ImplicationsLiqian Q.iu, Colitz Binns, \'ttn Zltoo, Artth Lee, anrl Xittg Xic 220

Child Health StatLrs

VietnamQiyen Tu Bui, Linlt

Access to Servict s rrnd

in Thailand

Gende,' Differenccs in the Relationships between Obesity and-t-if'e.styleRisk F'actors in a Srnall Faniring-l'ou'n in JapanKanoe Silo, crrttl H iko'Ib ttLushiro

Prevalence ol Nle'tabolic Svnclrome in Older IndonesiansSudijinto Karnsrr

rrnd [{aternirl ancl Child Care in Quang Tri Province,

Ctr Le, uttrl Zrtrtrir llultttrtrtt

Complicatior.rs E:rperienced bv Disabled People

C ivil aiz Wanar a h t' i chit,and Narongst/e Noosonz

P stc'n a ri n S ir a s o tnilho rn, S t tp os it P a n n arutt o tlt ai,

;f{gnsing Sanitation and Acute llespiratory'fract Infection among

- rffi'tderg.adirare SlrudenLr; in lndonesia\/ Riril, Yudluututi

Instructions for,'\r.r thors

Drversitv in Genes Responsible for Lifcstyle-related Diseases inAsia-Pirc i l'i,: licgionYostniho \attttgiscttvtt, L,lzlwguasttretz NIurtklilulga, Iiuztitiro Nulutl'41114,

Sad&hiko lwuttr.oto, Plitaya Chanrltoonphol, Sotr.iit '9u1tcttlttttatas,Stevensoit KuLtrtai, L-.,l:iiburen Clitrtetlrerert, Tcruc litrtt:uitttto,Yoshinori liungJto, Stnue \\htattnbe, il'Iitsttru Sukttrrra, Fttnrio Kotn*Lstr,

[9,o]o lfrrsegrrwa, anclYasutt [itt'gtru'Lt 2J7

236

241

25r

262

266

r\sia-Paclfic Jr:urnal Ol'

f;?'.,11'* E ubllC -Ll ea Ith

_.!r'lq{ 10!upplcnrtntOctober 2003'' .162-20 I

'i 'iszo'rr41'11"1r o. r li7l10 1q539105, I Tlil I

hr tp;//aj'h.segi pul, .,,nr't " ,r; . .' bi;.r.,t .,r

Irr r g,,'//onlii,".ra[i1,, 1,..,,,,t

Background

Respiratory tract inf.cctions such lis influcnz-a, ilncLlnlococcai (liscilsc llll(i tLlbcrLLll{)sis,

ca,-', cosil\, r1.,r",, i r.pro6g strrclcnts bccur,rsc ol'inrpropcr vcrttilrttion irrltl living co'l(liti()lls'

I-it,ing cnvironnrcr ts cun clruse lrcalth clisordcrs, tlltc to llotlr verltillltion, tcnrpcl'aturc

and i'u.ri.lit1il'l ,,cLrte liespiratory 'l-rrrct ln[:ectiotr (r\lll) is tlnc ol' the main hcalIh

problenrs in lrrtlonlsii .,"ith a high inciclcncc rirLe , partictrlarlv in chilcircn Llnclcr 5 I cars

ol "g". Factors inflrrcncir.rg th.l inciclcncc ol r\lil itr r.tncler ltivc childrcn irrclr:tle !l.re

phyjcal and sanitrtiu,..,.,rr],liriu,rs oI thcir hor.rsc, poptrlation tlcnsity and air polirrtion

inri,l" tl-," 6ousc (ir-.do6r-polluriorr). Atlt is nrost conu'non itr tttrclcr live ycar old cl:ildrcn,

butARI also occur in aduIts ancl teenagers.-]'6 In urban areas, 8096 ol individual activity

is iriside a roor-r1. SoLrrccs o[tintkror pollution irrclr.rclc pollution from otttcloors cntering

the loom, cigarettc smokc, I'utl'res lronr kitche,-r, ,,-nd lhe rtse of insect sprays':;'7

Ur,,Jc.gr,,,ll.raie strr,l ..'pts ol'tcll livr: in grrttlp housitrg rtro.ttntl ''\irllrrgglr Univtrsity'

Su.abia. Ce.er-allt,tltcse strrtlcnts contc f'ronr or-rtsicle Sural;at',t r'vho tlt.rtl'l hlvc I'allrily

thaL live close to tl-re cau-rpus. Stuclents choose houses because they are c[ose to camPrls

Ftrousing Sanitation and AcuteRespir at.ory T-ract Infectionamo.xg I; ndergraduate Studentsin Indonesia

ilirih Yudhastuti, N'l Sc

Acute respiratory tract irrfcctiern is u conrnrr>rt in['cctious tliscasc iu stucletrts living in crorvdcd

housing in Inclonesia. Tl-rc ainr ol this studv rl,irs to invdstig:rtc tlrc association betrvccn air tlrrality

in boa.",ling holscs arrcl;\lll occLrrrcncc in strrtlt'nts. r\ r'ross scctiottitl strttly rvlts tltttlt'rl:tliett'rtr

89 [ouscs tccupic.l [1'stLrrlents irr i\lrrlyorcjo \lilllgt', i\ltrlyorc.;o Sirl;tlistrict Srtrabirv;r clt'tert,tirtetl

by using a svstemic ranclc.rnr sampling nretht;<1. Popttlittion dcnsitr'; ventilation, tempcrature and

humidit]v r,,".. -",r.r,r,:d. -['hc studr.c'oncluclcs that therc is s.ignil'icant associattion be$vcen thc

pop,llutio., der-rsity, ventilation, humiditv and ,'\lll u...,.."r,..' but uot tcnl[)eratLlrc"l hercf<'rre,

st,rde.,t boarding i-touu", should providt- good air qualin'rnd sanitation to rcduce the irrcidencc

oF ac,.tt" respiratory tract inl'cctiotl.

I(ey'rvords: housing saniiation; air qr-ralitv; ilcute respiratorv infection; universily students;

I ndo rrcsia

From the Environrnenlal I Icalth Depart, Sehool ol t'ublic I Iealth, Airlungga Univcrsitl'

Address correspondence,o: llirih \irtlhastuti, School oI i)ublic lle:rLth,,\irlrup.11a Univcrsity, Campus C' i\lLrlyorejo SLreer'

Surabava. East Java Indor: sia 60 I I 5; e-rtrail: \irdhastuLi-€'Ua;rir'ac'id'

262

I Iousing Sanitation antl Acrrtc [icspiraton 'l'racr ln{cction anronq unc]crgrrtclttlttc Strtcl:nts /'lirdhc-strrti 263

:rncl pfovi.lc str-rclt,facilitics at ar.r al{orclilblc pricc' Nlrrivorcjo \.illage' close to the

unir,crsitl,CamPLls i. n.u,-',-.,,-.,,.'u'r ltlciltitlt-t {or sl.rarcrl Irotrsir-rg. According to annual rePort

in prrltlic clinic ccntrc o{',,\irlangga Univcrsitl Srrrabara Ycar in 2001 there 1788 cases

of AIll in stuclents from Airiangga Unirersin'.'l'hc objccti\'c of this stuclv $'as to inl'estigate

tlrc associrtion l;e t$,ccn i-ror-rsing occttpatiot-t lcr cls' rcntililtion' tcllrl)L'ratrlfc and. humiditl'

iir sturlt,rrt h()r-rsing ln ltul",.)r"ilr r illrrge rttttl itcttte re sl)ir:lt{)rY itrl'cctrtrtr (r\RI) r's

N I ct lr.rds

A cross sectional stucj' *as undcrtrlien ir.r thc occr.rpants of 89 orrt ol thc 1176 houses

in N{ul',,orcjo villagc. A qr-rcstionr-rltire uas trsccl to cirrn'cllta oll AIll svmPtoms' numbcr

ol occupants per house, personal sirace. \'e ntillltion, ten]pcrature arrd humiditi' The data

u,as entere,l.into zrn Exccl clatabasc ancl analYscrl using E'pi lnf'r for $indorts'q'10

Resuits and Discussions

Tl:c houses

Persoll, sce

rvere classil,iccl bt,thc arca availablc l)cl Person, morc or less than 4 m2 per

Table l.

'lablc I . ,r\ssociatiotl bctn ccrt I lottsc r\reir per I)ersotl irrrrl '\lll irl Nltrlr rrcio \lillagc

r\lll I IcalthPoPtrlationHouse Densitv

\mortnt %No

ti-c,,I]

Poor

(loocl'li,trrl

5ll(,lr;

9

l.l))

76,12

21.8,q

l 1)0

+0,91

59.09

loo

60

29

S')

67,42

32,58

I00

l'= .0{r5 rll = I

The assoCiittion bet$'ecn hOLrsir-rg YClltilatioll and l\[]l inciclcncc

{/\'/l'.

is sl-rou,n in Table 2.

'l'ablc 2. Ass.ci,tion bclrlce n llorrsing \"cntilltiorr irtrtl r\l1l iri Alul;'orcjo Villagc

ATII I IcalthVot\nrou nt

No Ventilationr,

56

ll69

t.2.

Poor

Good'fotal

81,58

\ 6.42

I00

I5

22

31,58

68,1 8

100

63

26

B9

1n 79

29,21

100

P = .000 d/= I

264 Asia-Pacific Jounnl of Public Ilealth /\trl. 20, Supplenre n!' Octr:ber 2008

Tl-re association bctrvccrr h<tusing tcnrl)crilttlrcs ilncl /\l1l is slrorvlr in'l'alllc 3'

Table 3, Associatiop bctrr,ecn llousc ['e nr1;cr;rturc itttcl i\l]l at i\'lulyorejo Villag'-r

r\tll I Ic;rltli l\rrrottnt ()(,

No fc, 'irt rLrl lt',',:i, (/('

n

l.2.

PfotGoocl

lbral

66

I

67

20

2

))

86

.l

r.i9

9i:i,5 I

l,)I00

CJO,9 I

9,1

I00

96,63

-1,-) /

t00

l,=.J02 ,l/= r

The association betu,een horrsing hr,rmiditv and r\lll inciclcr.rce is shorvn in Talrlc -l'

Table -1. l\ssociltion lretriccn llorrsr' llLrnritlitr lnd ,'\lll lt i\ltrl1'orcjtt Viliagc

N'l trlyorcjo S Lrlrtlist rict S tt rulr;tv:r Vi I lrrge r\[i I ( )cctr rrcrrce

{Rt I lcllth Amount 7oNo Humiclity I %c,/cI

59

30

fl9

+9

IS

67

1.

2.

Poor

Good

Total

/ -'J, r,;

26,87

100

l0t2

z2

+;,+ ii+,i5

t00

66,29

33,37r00

P=.03+{f=l

These results shorv lhe importance ol not overcrowding student l-ror-rsing antl provicling

adequate ventililtion ilnd air qualitv to cnsLlr(' the hcalth ol:stttclct-tts' Iloon'r te rnpcraturcs

inside houses are inf[uen.",l Lv outsitic air ten]Peratures, air circulation and air hurniclity

inside rooms.llAir lernperatLrres depencl on the ambient \!'eather anci humirlity is also

an important faclor in the spreacl ol infection T'll

Air humidity inside roorns incrcases because ol bad ventilation due to eviporatiDn

trom skin o. erhole,l .,ir. ll.l2 r\ snrali area per inhabitant lacilities ihe spread of infcciion

and also increases htrr-lriditv. l'l't3

Conclusion

The results ol this strrclt, slrou thirt tlrc inciclct-rcc o1',\lll is rcliltcd to ovct'crtrrvJitrg,

hun.riclitY iul{-l roonr Ler,,Pcr,rtrrres irr stLttlcrrt hottsirrg irl NlLllvorcjo Village 'll -strrclcnts

require a mi'imurri ol + ,,r2/pc.son n'ith acletluatc vcrrtilittiort and oPenil-rg rvinclo$'-s'll'Il

Windows shoulcl be at least 1096 ol tl.re room n,icltl.r.'fl-rc roor.n temperature inside the

house sl-rould be i;ept lt a conrfortallle level 4nri tl're hLrmidity.reduced by use of the

rvindorvs.

l{ousingSanitationandAcutcRcspiratonl.ractinfcctionamongUndergracluatcstudents/Yudlnstuti26S

Refcre'cet *rrrr.: trltrriirrrr sumbcr widya; 1990: 76-gg.

'r. til;:,i,,',1'iJlf,5;i:;:::::,:,:,:,i',,::i"J::",,11^'i'l'"u '.;ntn'to' culur''ii^a' uni""itv Press;

2002.].1)cllirrltll.llt'rrltlr'!lt.l,trlllicltttl,,ttt'si:l'Ilr'.ritlrlir,rlrril'i,'lI(''lisrr/.I.ir,Irsirig.Jirkarta:TheRoleof

.* [*i:i;i ;,i:l* :illl ;,]:;l';';l:;l )l'lil; llll;., r Sa r ri'o'''i"n USA: rossev Bass;

2005:-J3l--16l . i^,. lrr: l)\\, Nloclle r, .: td "[. flnvllot'mtentallrealtlt'

5. il""fl"' \\/D' Air in the honrc and commun

(lrrrrrhlitlsc' n't"tt"titt*"'it' Ilrlt""l Llrritc'-sitv l)rcss: l00i:101-l2s'

6. \4rrl:.r. l lJ. r\ir ,,rii,,,,,,,, uttrl ltt.llrrt,tttt, ,r'rr,'r1,,,:,,,,'r-t lirrcl l)is,*lt'r's lirrrabayir: Airlangga

Upir'.:rsit)' p;1ss' I r.)t.)7'

7. .lori, Ncr. 1?,,,, ;;;,;;".. is I lc,rltJrr ? lrtt'://r'r'*:(il,ri.tre t'.rg/'cr-it. 'trrrl

lJ03' Accessed

lantrar;' I l' l(X)(r'

8.Nlt.ll.lno|lJ.Prittciylcso[En.,irottntclttnlHettltll'surabl\,a:AirlanggaUnil,ersitYPress;2000;90-99.

g.Notoadmodjo,sukirljo.lr4eillotlRescnrcllitlPttlllicllealtlt.]1\':':'Iiine!:aCipta;2002.r0. Srcu,arr t. U,,,,,"",)1,]'., ,^'i'ti"it,t, ",,a

U,,,ir,,i,i'.i""i'" eCiP4EE' Snon Pressr 2001 23'31'

11. Hrndalan '' ^n'

Oi''"""1"""'"' 'U'u!"'O"tt'i'"t Oltl irr Slrrrrr Arcns nirtl Air Qualirl'Aspect'

Ial<arta: tnao''"'iJ'i"Jui'lit l.t""lth Jor'rrnal L\\1 (No 2): 1997' ttlt Tetltttiqtre Prograttts'

12. i)cpart ol n"nltj, n"n.,rrr,. tn.t,,,r".i".. cl,,)o nj r-1,,,'t"tg Health Tethnique Prograns tn

ltld,stltsiaE.] l. J"]..,,.,.|,i,.'i"',..,',.'"', .r rl.'"'.i.r'' n"ilrrlllic lrrdtrncsilr: l.)97:21-J0.

13. t)cpart "{.

t-I""1,;:"ii"l,l.,i,ii.-,.a,,"".,,' s:"';'i(l')i'i)I]""'r"'" of A-Rl ('{'rrt e l}'espirato, Tract

Ittfection)'J"ltuttn' ''"]ntt"tttt't'tt

ol' l lcalth llcprrblic lrrclolrcsilrl l99S'

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