ashrae’s sustainable roadmap ….meet the ashrae ... controlling site storm water for use in...

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With thanks for main content toWith thanks for main content toDr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-APDr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-AP

[email protected]@engr.uga.edu

…….meet the ASHRAE .meet the ASHRAE GreenGuideGreenGuide

Presented by Tim DwyerPresented by Tim DwyerChairman CIBSE ASHRAE GroupChairman CIBSE ASHRAE Group

Acting Head of Department, Department of Engineering SystemsActing Head of Department, Department of Engineering SystemsLondon South Bank UniversityLondon South Bank University

timdwyer@[email protected]

ASHRAEASHRAE’’s Sustainable Roadmaps Sustainable Roadmap

Integrating sustainabilityIntegrating sustainabilityprinciples into allprinciples into allappropriate publicationsappropriate publications

Actively participate withActively participate withinternationally recognizedinternationally recognizedbuilding sustainabilitybuilding sustainabilitygroups as appropriategroups as appropriate

Promote and providePromote and provideeducation on sustainabilityeducation on sustainability

Research Strategic PlanResearch Strategic Plan

Energy and ResourcesEnergy and Resources Indoor EnvironmentalIndoor Environmental

QualityQuality Tools and ApplicationsTools and Applications Equipment,Equipment,

Components, andComponents, andMaterialsMaterials

Education and OutreachEducation and Outreach

Journal ArticlesJournal Articles

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Journal ArticlesJournal Articles Journal ArticlesJournal Articles

For an explanation of how lighting is treated in the office guide seewww.energycodes.gov/training/pdfs/webcast_adv_lighiting_lane.pdf

Advanced Energy Design GuidesAdvanced Energy Design Guides

Documents that go 30%, 50%, and 70%Documents that go 30%, 50%, and 70%above Standard 90.1-1999above Standard 90.1-1999

New Buildings (30%)New Buildings (30%)-- Small Office Buildings - publishedSmall Office Buildings - published-- Small Retail Small Retail –– published published-- K-12 SchoolsK-12 Schools-- WarehouseWarehouse-- Highway LodgingHighway Lodging

From From ‘‘SustainabilitySustainability’’ to to ‘‘GreenGreen’’

‘‘SustainabilitySustainability’’ is a simple and good general is a simple and good generaldefinition when is applied to planet Earth,definition when is applied to planet Earth,however, it is difficult to apply the concept, in ahowever, it is difficult to apply the concept, in ameaningful way, to an individual earthlymeaningful way, to an individual earthlycomponent such as a buildingcomponent such as a building

ASHRAE focused on ASHRAE focused on ““greengreen”” buildings buildings and so the and so the GreenGuide GreenGuide was developedwas developed

-- specifically directed toward practitioners.specifically directed toward practitioners.

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But why bother with aBut why bother with aGreenGuideGreenGuide??

Doing the right Doing the right thingthing RegulationsRegulations Lowering ownership costsLowering ownership costs Increased productivityIncreased productivity Filling a design needFilling a design need

But why bother with aBut why bother with aGreenGuideGreenGuide??

Doing the Right ThingDoing the Right Thing

The motivations and reasons for implementingThe motivations and reasons for implementinggreen buildings are diverse but can be condensedgreen buildings are diverse but can be condensedinto essentially wanting to do the right thing tointo essentially wanting to do the right thing toprotect the earthprotect the earth’’s resources. For some, a wakeups resources. For some, a wakeupcall occurred in 1973 with the oil embargo call occurred in 1973 with the oil embargo –– and andwith it a realization that there may be a need towith it a realization that there may be a need tomanage our planetmanage our planet’’s finite resources.s finite resources.

RegulationsRegulations

Society has recognized that previous industrial andSociety has recognized that previous industrial anddevelopmental actions caused long-term damage to ourdevelopmental actions caused long-term damage to ourenvironment, resulting in loss of food sources and plantenvironment, resulting in loss of food sources and plantand animal species, and changes to the earthand animal species, and changes to the earth’’s climate. Ass climate. Asa result of learning from past mistakes and studying thea result of learning from past mistakes and studying theenvironment, the international community identified certainenvironment, the international community identified certainactions that threaten our ecosystemactions that threaten our ecosystem’’s bio-diversitys bio-diversity——andandconsequently it developed several governmentalconsequently it developed several governmentalregulations designed to protect our environment. Thus, inregulations designed to protect our environment. Thus, inthis sense, the green design initiative began with thethis sense, the green design initiative began with theimplementation of building regulations. An example is theimplementation of building regulations. An example is theregulated phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons.regulated phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons.

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Lowering Ownership CostsLowering Ownership Costs

Green design is lowering the total cost ofGreen design is lowering the total cost ofownership in terms of resource management andownership in terms of resource management andenergy efficiency.energy efficiency.-- controlling site storm water for use in irrigationcontrolling site storm water for use in irrigationincorporating energy efficiency measures in HVACincorporating energy efficiency measures in HVACdesigndesign- developing maintenance strategies to ensure- developing maintenance strategies to ensurecontinued high-level building performance.continued high-level building performance.

Increased ProductivityIncreased Productivity

Recognition of increased productivity from aRecognition of increased productivity from abuilding that is comfortable and enjoyable andbuilding that is comfortable and enjoyable andprovides healthy conditions.provides healthy conditions.Comfortable occupants are less distracted, able toComfortable occupants are less distracted, able tofocus better on their tasks/activities, andfocus better on their tasks/activities, andappreciate the physiological benefits good greenappreciate the physiological benefits good greendesign provides.design provides.

Filling A Design NeedFilling A Design Need

There are increasing numbers of building ownersThere are increasing numbers of building ownersand developers asking for green design services.and developers asking for green design services.There is considerable business for designThere is considerable business for designprofessionals who can master the principles ofprofessionals who can master the principles ofgreen design and provide leadership in this.green design and provide leadership in this.

ASHRAEASHRAE’’s Green Designs Green Design

aware of and respects nature and the naturalaware of and respects nature and the naturalorder of thingsorder of things

a green building is one that achieves higha green building is one that achieves highperformance, over the full life cycle, in theperformance, over the full life cycle, in thefollowing areasfollowing areas-- minimal consumption of non-renewable andminimal consumption of non-renewable and

depletable depletable natural resourcesnatural resources-- minimal atmospheric emissionsminimal atmospheric emissions-- minimal discharge of harmful wastesminimal discharge of harmful wastes

including those from demolition of the buildingincluding those from demolition of the building

-- minimal negative impacts on site ecosystemsminimal negative impacts on site ecosystems

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ASHRAE Green Guide ASHRAE Green Guide –– Overview Overview

Content: Three Basic Sections

Basics(Chapters 1 – 2)

Design Process(Chapters 3– 16)

Post Design

ASHRAE Green GuideASHRAE Green GuideThe Design ProcessThe Design Process

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 –– Commissioning Commissioning-- Why is this the 3Why is this the 3rdrd chapter in the book? chapter in the book?-- Phases of CommissioningPhases of Commissioning

Preliminary

Design Construction

Acceptance

ContinuousCommissioning

The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 3 - CommissioningChapter 3 - Commissioning

Commissioning models (who is in charge?)Commissioning models (who is in charge?)-- Design team?Design team?-- General contractor?General contractor?-- Individual contractors (mechanical, electrical)?Individual contractors (mechanical, electrical)?-- Third party?Third party?


…Pages 51-52

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How is commissioning done locally?How is commissioning done locally?Effectiveness?Effectiveness?

The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– Architectural Design Architectural Design

LinkingArchitectural

Design toEngineering

SiteSite Form / Function/Form / Function/

GeometryGeometry

EnvelopeEnvelope-- ThermalThermal-- MoistureMoisture-- LightLight


DescriptionDescription High PerformanceHigh Performance

StrategiesStrategies Elements of CostElements of Cost Sources of FurtherSources of Further

InformationInformation

General Organization


High PerformanceHigh PerformanceStrategiesStrategies-- Safety, InfectionSafety, Infection

ControlControl-- EnergyEnergy-- Occupant ComfortOccupant Comfort

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EnergyEnergy Occupant ComfortOccupant Comfort

CostCost-- FiltrationFiltration-- Heat RecoveryHeat Recovery

The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– Early Stages Early Stages

Design to Construction Time Line

Program

PredesignSchematic

Design

Design

Development

Construction

Documents

Construction

Management

Post-

Construction

Degree of Effort

Potential for

Sustainability

Impact of careful

selection of

Construction Team

Impact of

Commissioning

Design to Construction Time Line

Program

PredesignSchematic

Design

Design

Development

Construction

Documents

Construction

Management

Post-

Construction

Degree of Effort

Potential for

Sustainability

Impact of careful

selection of

Construction Team

Impact of

Commissioning


Setting Goals:Setting Goals:TraditionalTraditional-- Program, cost, schedule Program, cost, schedule ……

Green design projectGreen design project-- Energy (total, peak, renewable)Energy (total, peak, renewable)-- Water useWater use-- Materials (construction, occupancy)Materials (construction, occupancy)-- Occupant satisfaction, comfort, healthOccupant satisfaction, comfort, health-- LEED certification?LEED certification?


Integrated Building Design:Integrated Building Design:More on this later this sessionMore on this later this session

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Building ModelingBuilding Modeling-- EnergyEnergy-- DaylightingDaylighting-- Building InformationBuilding Information

ModelingModeling

Page 96

2:00 P.M.

12:00 Noon

Daylight renderings from South-West corner of the buildinglooking North-East. Simulation for June 21.

Daylighting Modeling ExampleDaylighting Modeling Example

First order of business First order of business …… Reduce loads Reduce loads

The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination

SiteSite GeometryGeometry EnvelopeEnvelope

-- ThermalThermal-- MoistureMoisture-- LightLight

Example of impact of higherbuilding thermal mass – Fig. 7-4

Daylight Harvesting Design: Key PointsDaylight Harvesting Design: Key Points

Chapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination

Pages 132-134

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Different Facades Require DifferentDifferent Facades Require DifferentDesign Strategies: Design Strategies: SouthSouth

South-facingSouth-facing-- Exposed to the sun all dayExposed to the sun all day-- Shade with overhangs to limitShade with overhangs to limit

overhead solar raysoverhead solar rays-- In hot climates, considerIn hot climates, consider

shading with fins to limitshading with fins to limitmorning and afternoon solarmorning and afternoon solargains in the wintergains in the winter

-- In cold climates, use onlyIn cold climates, use onlyoverhangs (for passive solaroverhangs (for passive solarheating)heating)

-- Shade with light shelves thatShade with light shelves thatwill reflect light into the spacewill reflect light into the space

* All strategies assume a design forlatitudes between 25 – 40 deg. N latitude

Different Facades Require DifferentDifferent Facades Require DifferentDesign Strategies: Design Strategies: NorthNorth

North-facingNorth-facing-- Exposed to direct sunExposed to direct sun

during morning andduring morning andafternoon a few monthsafternoon a few monthseach summer (at latitudeseach summer (at latitudesbetween 0 to 40 deg. N)between 0 to 40 deg. N)

-- Shade with shallow finsShade with shallow finsto guard against summerto guard against summerheat gainheat gain

-- Shade with light shelvesShade with light shelvesthat will reflect light intothat will reflect light intothe spacethe space

* All strategies assume a design forlatitudes between 25 – 40 deg. N latitude

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HVAC Design: Key Considerations (pg 136)HVAC Design: Key Considerations (pg 136)-- May seem basic, but is a good check listMay seem basic, but is a good check list


…

Chapters has much discussion on differentChapters has much discussion on differentavailable methods for energy transferavailable methods for energy transfer-- Air systemsAir systems

-- Liquid pumpsLiquid pumps

-- Heat recoveryHeat recovery

Chapter 8 Chapter 8 –– Thermal Comfort Delivery Thermal Comfort Delivery

Green Tips:Green Tips:-- Energy recovery #7-9Energy recovery #7-9-- Displacement ventilation #10Displacement ventilation #10-- Dedicated outdoor air systems #11Dedicated outdoor air systems #11-- Demand controlled ventilation #12Demand controlled ventilation #12-- Hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation #13Hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation #13

Chapter 8 Chapter 8 –– Thermal Comfort Delivery Thermal Comfort Delivery

Indoor Environmental QualityIndoor Environmental Quality Cooling Tower SystemsCooling Tower Systems District Energy SystemsDistrict Energy Systems AcousticsAcoustics Green Roofs, Cool RoofsGreen Roofs, Cool Roofs Designing Healthy BuildingsDesigning Healthy Buildings

Chapter 9 Chapter 9 –– Interaction with Local Interaction with LocalEnvironmentEnvironment

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Water treatmentWater treatment DriftDrift SpillsSpills

Chapter 9:Chapter 9:Cooling Tower SystemsCooling Tower Systems Cooling Tower Water TreatmentCooling Tower Water Treatment

Traditional: chemical treatment withTraditional: chemical treatment withbiocides, corrosion and scale preventionbiocides, corrosion and scale prevention-- Biocidal ControlBiocidal Control

Continuous chlorination at 0.5 ppm.Continuous chlorination at 0.5 ppm. Isothiazoline Isothiazoline (1.5%) slug fed to 2 ppm once per(1.5%) slug fed to 2 ppm once per

weekweek-- Corrosion and Scale Control - MaintainedCorrosion and Scale Control - Maintained

constantconstant Zinc at 2 ppmZinc at 2 ppm Polyphosphate at 20 ppmPolyphosphate at 20 ppm Triazole Triazole at 3 ppmat 3 ppm

Where Does the Chlorine Go?Where Does the Chlorine Go?Chlorine 99% released as gas –71 pounds/month (32 kg)

Blowdown @ 4 Cycles = 36,960 gallons/mo(145,000 liters) – 0.16 lbs (0.07 kg) of Chlorine

Drift @ 0.005%= 1,440gallons/mo(5,700 liters)

Improperly Installed Drift EliminatorsImproperly Installed Drift Eliminators

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Description:Description:-- Pulsed electric fields used to control scaling,Pulsed electric fields used to control scaling,

biological growth and corrosionbiological growth and corrosionPro Lower energy and water useLower energy and water use More benign blowdown waterMore benign blowdown waterCon Energy use to operateEnergy use to operate Water with high chloride or silica content limitsWater with high chloride or silica content limits

effective useeffective use

AcousticsAcoustics

Criteria: Noise (NC), Room (RC) and dBACriteria: Noise (NC), Room (RC) and dBA 2007 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Ch. 472007 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Ch. 47

Indoor soundIndoor soundsourcessources

AcousticsAcoustics Outdoor soundOutdoor sound

controlcontrol

Courtesy: Neil Moiseev (Shen, Milsom & Wilke Inc.)

Sound barrier indense urban setting

Cool Roof TechnologiesCool Roof Technologies

ConventionalRoof

Cool Roof

Reflects~ 80% ofincidentsolar

Absorbs~ 20%

Reflects30 to 60%of incidentsolar

Absorbs40 to 70%(heats roofand adds tocooling loadand urbanheat island)

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General discussion on:General discussion on:-- SteamSteam-- Hydronic systemsHydronic systems-- AirAir

Chapter 10 Chapter 10 –– Energy Distribution Energy Distribution

Applicability:Applicability:-- Chilled waterChilled water-- Hot waterHot water-- Condenser water loopsCondenser water loops

Heating plantsHeating plants Cooling (chilled water) plantsCooling (chilled water) plants

-- ChillersChillers-- Thermal energy storageThermal energy storage

Distributed electrical generationDistributed electrical generation Combined systems (cooling, heat, power)Combined systems (cooling, heat, power)

Chapter 11 Chapter 11 –– Energy Conversion Energy Conversion

Chapter 11 Chapter 11 –– Energy Conversion Energy Conversion One Method Possibly ApplicableOne Method Possibly Applicable

Desiccant dehumidificationDesiccant dehumidification

Exhaust

Supply

One approach …

Another concept usessolar energy for heat

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Solar energy applicationsSolar energy applications-- Buildings with large potential thermal needBuildings with large potential thermal need

(e.g., hotels); but space limitations for(e.g., hotels); but space limitations forcollectorscollectors

-- Photovoltaic, but cost is still the issuePhotovoltaic, but cost is still the issue-- Building integrated PVBuilding integrated PV

Chapter 12 Chapter 12 –– Energy Sources Energy Sources

A PV skylight entryway(Courtesy of DOE/NREL)

Primarily architecturalPrimarily architecturalissue, but engineersissue, but engineerscan help push thecan help push theenergy benefitsenergy benefits

HVAC engineers primarily involved inHVAC engineers primarily involved inlighting contribution to load calculationslighting contribution to load calculations

New lighting concepts can require a littleNew lighting concepts can require a littlemore engineering thoughtmore engineering thought-- Daylight harvestingDaylight harvesting

Chapter 13 Chapter 13 –– Lighting Systems Lighting Systems

““ConventionalConventional”” light tubes light tubes

Hybrid lighting (Oak Ridge NatHybrid lighting (Oak Ridge Nat’’l Lab, U.S.)l Lab, U.S.)

www.solatube.com

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Water consumption important issueWater consumption important issueworldwideworldwide

Not as much an HVAC issue (exceptionNot as much an HVAC issue (exceptioncooling towers, evaporative cooling)cooling towers, evaporative cooling)

Chapter 14 Chapter 14 –– Plumbing Plumbing

Control systems play vital role forControl systems play vital role forrealizing and sustaining the efficiencyrealizing and sustaining the efficiencylevels originally designed into thelevels originally designed into thebuilding systemsbuilding systems-- EnergyEnergy-- WaterWater-- Indoor Environmental QualityIndoor Environmental Quality

Chapter 15:Chapter 15:Building Control SystemsBuilding Control Systems

Sustained Efficiency M&V Operator training

Pages 322 Pages 322 –– 329: How building control 329: How building controlcan help achieve LEED credit pointscan help achieve LEED credit points

Chapter 15:Chapter 15:Building Control SystemsBuilding Control Systems

Example:Sample IndoorAir Qualitycontrol display,Figure 15-4pg. 327

Commissioning (Cx)Commissioning (Cx)-- Initial occupancyInitial occupancy-- Retro-commissioning (continuousRetro-commissioning (continuous

commissioning) commissioning) –– 2 to 5 years after initial 2 to 5 years after initial-- Engineers start off helping with Cx projectsEngineers start off helping with Cx projects

beforebefore going into design going into design

Occupant surveysOccupant surveys

Chapter 18 Chapter 18 –– O&M, O&M,Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

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Page 355

Where to next??Where to next??

Proposed Standard 189Proposed Standard 189

Standard for the Design of High-PerformanceStandard for the Design of High-PerformanceGreen Buildings Except Low-Rise ResidentialGreen Buildings Except Low-Rise ResidentialBuildingsBuildings

Minimum requirements for the design ofMinimum requirements for the design ofsustainable buildings to balancesustainable buildings to balance-- environmental responsibilityenvironmental responsibility-- resource efficiencyresource efficiency-- occupant comfort and well-beingoccupant comfort and well-being-- community sensitivitycommunity sensitivity

Using Using USGBCUSGBC’’s s LEED Green Building RatingLEED Green Building RatingSystem as key resourceSystem as key resource

Link for all ASHRAE information in thisLink for all ASHRAE information in thisarea (including downloadable Green Tips)area (including downloadable Green Tips)

www.www.engineeringforsustainabilityengineeringforsustainability.org.org

Thanks to Thanks to Tom Lawrence for mostTom Lawrence for mostof the slidesof the slides

Tim Dwyer (Tim Dwyer (timdwyer@[email protected]))