ashrae tech conference 2008 psychrometrics presentation · 2012-05-26 · learning objectives...
TRANSCRIPT
Terms, Chart, Air Mixing, and Basic Calculations
Tim Junker, P.E.
Psychrometric Fundamentals
Learning ObjectivesUnderstand the significance of psychrometrics to “air conditioning”Understand common psychrometric terms including: dry bulb and wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, dew point, enthalpy, flow rate, & “standard air”Identify all lines and units of measure on the psychrometric chartGiven any 2 properties of air, use a psychrometric chart to determine all other other psychrometric propertiesUnderstand the relationship between sensible, latent, and total heatUnderstand air mixing and be able to calculate the properties of the air resulting from the mixture of two airstreamsUse the basic psychrometric equations to calculate sensible, latent, and total cooling/heating
What is air conditioning?TemperatureMoistureCleanlinessVentilationSound
Simultaneous control
Simultaneous control
Of Of ……....
What is Psychrometrics?The study of the state of the atmosphere with regard to its temperature and moisture content.
AIR
1
23
5
60
Pounds
21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
1% Other
What is air?
Standard Conditions“Standard conditions at SL”
70° F29.921 in. Hg (atmospheric pressure)Dry (no water vapor)
Spec. vol. of air at std conditions = 13.35 cu. ft. / lbAir flow rate expressed as: cubic feet / minute (CFM)Air flow rate at standard conditions expressed as (SCFM)Specific volume changes with temperature, moisture content, and atmospheric pressure
At 5,000 ft atmospheric pressure is 24.896 in. HgDensity of dry air at 70°F at 5,000 ft is 16.04 cu. ft. / lb
Standard Conditions
SCFM = 13.35 cu. ft. / lbActual sp. vol. X Actual CFM
At 5,000’ Elevation
0.83 SCFM = 13.35 cu. ft. / lb16.04 cu. ft. / lb X 1 CFM
Water VaporNot present in large quantitiesSignificant factor in air conditioning
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. air)
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°Dry-bulb temperature
Saturat
ion Line
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
Saturat
ion Line
1 pound7000Grains
Moisture - Units of Measure
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
75° Dry-bulbSpecific Humidity of0.010 lbs/lb
Saturat
ion Line
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air) or (grains/lb. D
ry air)
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Suppose this air is cooled
Saturat
ion Line
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Saturat
ion Line
Suppose this air is cooled
Does its moisture Content Change?
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
Dew Point
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
80%
Rela
tive H
umid
ity
60%
Rela
tive H
umid
ity
40% R
elativ
e Humidity
20% Relative Humidity
Dry-bulb temperature
100%
Rela
tive H
umid
ityR.H. =Actual moisture
Maximum moisture
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
Sling PsychrometerThe sling psychrometer is a simple and practical device for measuring the moisture content of air.
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb is a practical indicator of the moisture content in a sample of air
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
Enthalp
y -H (B
TU / lb.
of dry
air)
15.0
20.2
34.1
43.7
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
Specific Volume (Cubic ft / lb dry air)
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. air)
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
Enthalp
y (BTU / l
b. of
dry ai
r)
15.0
34.1
43.7
20.2
80%
Rela
tive H
umid
ity
60%
Rela
tive H
umid
ity
40% R
elativ
e Humidity
20% Relative Humidity10
0% R
elativ
e Hum
idity 15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
SpecificHumidity
Dew Point
Relative
HumidityWet-bulb
Dry-bulb
Given any two properties...All other properties can be determined Specific
Volume
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
90° F Dry-bulb70° F Wet-bulbGiven any two properties...All other properties can be determined
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
80%
Rela
tive H
umid
ity
60%
Rela
tive H
umid
ity
40% R
elativ
e Humidity
20% Relative Humidity10
0% R
elativ
e Hum
idity 15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
15.0
34.1
43.7
20.2
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
A - HUMIDIFYING ONLYB - HEATING AND HUMIDIFYINGC – SENSIBLE HEATING ONLYD – CHEMICAL DEHUMIDIFYINGE – DEHUMIDIFYING ONLYF – COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYINGG – SENSIBLE COOLING ONLYH – EVAPORATIVE COOLING
40°
50°
70°
60°
80°
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Mixing Air StreamsThe result of mixing two airstreams always falls on a line connecting the two points on a psychrometric chart.
Mixing Air Streams
RA
OA
MA
OA = 95DB/78WB 1000 CFMRA = 78DB/65WB 4000 CFM
1) Draw a line between OA & RA
2) Determine the relative percentage of OA & RATotal CFM = OA + RA = 5000 CFMOA = 1000/5000 = 20%RA = 4000/5000 = 80%
3) Determine the DB or WB temperature of the mixed point using ratios. Using DB:Delta T = 95-78 = 17FRA Delta = 17F X 0.20 = 3.4 FMixed Air DB = 78 +3.4 = 81.4 F
4) The mixed air point lies on the mixing line at the 81.4F pointWB = 67.3 F
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Dew PointSatu
ration Line
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
SENS COOLINGSENS AND LATENT COOLING
Fan
Cooling C
oil
SA
MA
FAN HEAT
Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)
28
Room design for: 78° / 50% RH Sensible heat gain = 150,000 BTUHLatent heat gain = 30,000 BTUH
78°
50% RHSHR = 150,000
150,000 + 30,000
SHR = 0.833
SHR = QSensible
QSensible + QLatent= QSensible
QTotal
Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)
29
Room design for: 78° / 50% RH Sensible heat gain = 150,000 BTUHLatent heat gain = 30,000 BTUH
SHF
.833
78°
50% RHSHR = 150,000
150,000 + 30,000
SHR = 0.833
SHR = QSensible
QSensible + QLatent= QSensible
QTotal
Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)
30
Room design for: 78° / 50% RH Sensible heat gain = 150,000 BTUHLatent heat gain = 30,000 BTUH
SHF
.889
78°
50% RH
40% RH
75°
ParallelSHR = 150,000
150,000 + 30,000
SHR = 0.833
SHR = QSensible
QSensible + QLatent= QSensible
QTotal
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Dew PointSatu
ration Line
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
SENS COOLINGSENS AND LATENT COOLING
Fan
Cooling C
oil
SA
MA
FAN HEAT
SENS AND LATENT GAIN (ROOM)
Room
RA
FormulasQsensible = SCFM (ft3/Min) x ∆ T (°F) x 1.085 (BTU*Min)/(ft3*Hr * °F) (Sometimes also see 1.1, 1.09, or 1.08)
Qsensible (5000 ft) = CFM (ft3/Min) x ∆ T (°F) x 0.90 (BTU*Min)/(ft3*Hr * °F)
QTotal = QSensible + QLatent
QTotal = SCFM (ft3/Min) x ∆ h (BTU/lb) x 4.5 (Min * lb/ ft3)QTotal (5000 ft) = CFM (ft3/Min) x ∆ h (BTU/lb) x 3.74 (Min * lb/ ft3*Hr)
Q is in BTU/h
Total Heat
Total H
eat ∆
h
Sensible Heat
Latent Heat
40° 50° 70°60° 80° 90° 100° 110° 120°
.004
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
Dry-bulb temperature
Dew PointSatu
ration Line
Specific Hum
idity (lbs. moisture/ lb. dry air)
SENS COOLINGSENS AND LATENT COOLING
Fan
Cooling C
oil
SA
MA
FAN HEAT
SENS AND LATENT GAIN (ROOM)
Room
RA
Enthalp
y -H (B
TU / lb.
of dry
air)
15.0
27.6
34.1
30.0
18.0
43.7
FormulasQroom = 5,000 (ft3/Min) *(27.6 BTU/LB-18.0BTU/LB)*3.74 (Min * lb/ ft3*Hr)Qroom =179,600 BTU/h
Qcoil = 5,000 (ft3/Min) *(30.0 BTU/LB-15.0BTU/LB)*3.74 (Min * lb/ ft3*Hr)Qcoil =280,500 BTU/h
Thank You
Questions?