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AASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

ASEAN

@ASEAN

www.asean.org

ASEANA COMMUNITY

OFOPPORTUNITIES

one visionone identity

one community

CHARTBOOK

2016ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

ASEAN Economic CommunityChartbook 2016

The ASEAN SecretariatJakarta

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.

For inquiries, contact:The ASEAN SecretariatCommunity Relations Division (CRD)70A Jalan SisingamangarajaJakarta 12110IndonesiaPhone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991Fax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504E-mail : [email protected]

Catalogue-in-Publication Data

Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025Jakarta, ASEAN Secretariat, October 2016

380.591. ASEAN 2025 – Infrastructure – Technologies 2. Logistics – Regulatory – People Mobility

ISBN 978-602-6392-02-2

ASEAN: A Community of Opportunities

The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Community Relations Division (CRD) of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta.

General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org

Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2016.All rights reserved.

http://www.asean.org

iASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 ASEAN in the Global Economy1.1 Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at current price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 GDP per capita, at current price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 GDP per capita, at PPP* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 Trade in Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 ASEAN Economy2.1 Annual GDP Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 GDP per capita, at current price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.5 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

3 ASEAN Trade in Goods3.1 Trade in Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133.2 Trade in Goods as Percent Share of GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143.3 Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153.4 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173.6 Top Ten Export Commodities, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183.7 Top Ten Import Commodities, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193.8 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.1 Total Trade in Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224.2 Total Trade in Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234.3 Exports of Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

ii ASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

4.4 Imports of Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254.5 Trade in Goods Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264.6 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274.7 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Canada, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284.8 Top 5 Traded Commodities with China, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294.9 Top 5 Traded Commodities with EU-28, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.10 Top 5 Traded Commodities with India, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.11 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Japan, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324.12 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334.13 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Russian Federation, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344.14 Top 5 Traded Commodities with USA, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

5 ASEAN Trade in Services5.1 Trade in Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375.3 Imports of Services by Broad Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395.5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

6 Investments in ASEAN6.1 NetInflowsofFDIbyASEANMemberStates(ASEAN-6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416.2 NetInflowsofFDIbyASEANMemberStates(CLMV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426.3 NetinflowsofFDI,ExtraandIntra-ASEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436.4 NetInflowsofFDIinASEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446.5 Intra-ASEANNetInflowsofFDI,2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456.6 NetInflowsofFDIbyComponent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466.7 NetInflowsofFDIbyActivity,2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

7 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community7.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497.3 Visitor Arrivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

iiiASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

INTRODUCTION

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook 2016, provides statistical updates on the various dimensions of the ASEAN economic community based primarily on data submitted by the ASEAN Member States (AMS). It covers the period of 2007, the year the Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint was signed, to 2015.

The AEC Chartbook, now in its 10thedition,aimstowalkitsreadersthroughthedifferentdevelopmentstakingplaceintheASEAN region ranging from demography, economy, international trade, investment to infrastructure, in eight sections as follows:

CONTENTS

1. ASEAN in the Global Economy situates the region in the global economy in terms of its population, economic size and growth, trade, and investment.

2. ASEAN Economy looks into key macroeconomic trends and developments within the region.3. ASEAN Trade in Goods examines the trends of exports and imports of goods, composition and direction of trade within

the region and with the rest of the world.4. ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners maps out the region’s trade position and the concentration and dependencies

of traded commodities with its dialogue partners 5. ASEAN Trade in Services describes the trends of exports and imports of services within ASEAN and with the rest of

the world. 6. Investment in ASEANhighlightstheinflowsofforeigndirectinvestmentintotheregion.7. Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community examines other important elements characterising the

regional economy, i.e. information and communications technology, infrastructure, and tourism.

CAVEAT

The charts presented in this publication are based on data available in the various databases being maintained by the ASEAN Secretariat as submitted through relevant ASEAN working groups and/or data sharing schemes and/or as gathered from officialpublicationsandwebsitesoftheASEANMemberStatesandinternationalorganisations,asof31Agustus2016.

Some data were derived/estimated using basic statistical approaches employed by the ASEAN Secretariat. Unless otherwise stated,thesefiguresareinnowayconsideredastheofficialstatistics,andareusedonlytogiveindicativeinformation.

ASEAN Economic CommunityCHARTBOOK 2016

iv ASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

1ASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

1 ASEAN in the Global Economy1.1 Total Population

In million persons

1,3751,293

629

322255

204 186 179 160 146 127

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

China India ASEAN USA Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh Russia Mexico

2007 2014 2015

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2016.

In 2015, ASEAN’s population increased by 11.1% from 2007. ASEAN’s population was the third largest in the world, after China and India. Indonesia’s population accounted for about 40% of the region’s total population.

2 ASEAN Economic Chartbook 2016

ASEAN in the Global Economy 1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at current price 1.2

In billion US dollars

USA, 24.5%China, 15.0%

Brazil, 2.4%Italy, 2.5%India, 2.9%

France, 3.3%

ASEAN, 3.3%

United Kingdom, 3.9%

Germany, 4.6%

Japan, 5.6%

Rest of theWorld, 32.0%

Percent Share to World GDP, 2015

17,947

10,983

4,123

3,358

2,849

2,432

2,422

2,091

1,816

1,773

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

USA

China

Japan

Germany

United Kingdom

ASEAN

France

India

Italy

Brazil 2007

2014

2015

GDP at Current Price


In 2015, ASEAN overtook France as the sixth richest economy in the world. ASEAN was also third among the Asian countries, after China and Japan.


1 ASEAN in the Global Economy1.3 GDP per capita, at current price

In US dollars

2007 20

14 2015

105,823

101, 994

63,650

80,675

69,167

76,576

84,904

74,822

34,084

69,309

47,955

55,805

39,224

52,888

58,655

52,114

61,635

51,351

45,031

50,962

3,867Luxembourg

SwitzerlandQatar

Norway

Macao SARUSA

Singapore

DenmarkIreland

Australia

ASEAN


ASEAN GDP per capita increased by 63.2% from US$2,369 in 2007 to US$3,867 in 2015. Singapore was one of the top ten countries with the highest GDP per capita in the world.


ASEAN in the Global Economy 1 GDP per capita, at PPP* 1.4

2007 20

14 2015

116,969

90,665

98,987

70,346

98,135

64,421

85,253

76,560

79,587

66,616

70,166

61,899

68,430

72,892

67,617

84,307

63,104

51,355

58,551

7,052

11,009

7,052

132,099

In PPP US dollars

Qatar

Luxembourg

Macao SARSingapore

Brunei DarussalamKuwait

Norway

United Arab Emirates

San Marino

Switzerland

ASEAN

* Purchasing Power Parity; PPP dollar takes into account the differences in the purchasing power of the US dollar in the countries. PPP $1 in a country, say Cambodia, has the same purchasing power as PPP $1 in all other countries in the world.


The region’s GDP per capita (PPP) increased by 56.1% from US$7,052 in 2007 to US$11,009 in 2015. Singapore and Brunei Darussalam were among the top 5 economies with the highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world.


1 ASEAN in the Global Economy1.5 Trade in Goods


USA, 13.6%

Netherlands, 3.0%

Rep. of Korea, 3.0%United Kingdom, 3.7%

France, 4.1%

Japan, 4.2%

Hong Kong, 5.2%

ASEAN, 7.6%

Germany, 8.0%


China, 13.8%

Percent Share to World Total Trade, 2015

4,108

4,026

2,388

2,270

1,532

1,251

1,225

1,103

891

888

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

China

USA

Germany

ASEAN

China, HongKong SAR

Japan

France

United Kingdom

Netherlands

Italy 2007

2014

2015

Total Trade

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and UNComtrade.

In 2015, ASEAN’s total trade stood at US$2.3 trillion, accounting for 7.6% share of the world’s total trade; and placed fourth after China (13.8%), USA (13.6%) and Germany (8.0%).


ASEAN in the Global Economy 1 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 1.6


British Virgin Islands, 2.9%

Brazil, 3.7%

Switzerland, 3.9%

Netherlands, 4.1%

Ireland, 5.7%

ASEAN, 6.8%

China, 7.7%

Hong Kong, China, 9.9%


Percent Share to World Total FDI Inflows, 2015

USA, 21.6%

380

175

136

120

101

73

69

65

65

52

0 100 200 300 400

USA

Hong Kong, China

China

ASEAN

Ireland

Netherlands

Switzerland

Singapore

Brazil

British VirginIslands

2007

2014

2015

Total FDI Inflows

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and UNCTAD.

In 2015, ASEAN was the fourth biggest recipient of FDI in the world, after USA (21.6%), Hong Kong (9.9%) and China (7.7%).


2 ASEAN Economy2.1 Annual GDP Growth

0.6

10.2

6.3 6.0 6.3

12.0

6.6

9.1

5.4

7.1 6.4

8.7

6.6

-0.6

7.1

4.8

7.6

5.0

7.1

5.8

2.02.8

6.7

4.3

6.9

4.7

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Brun

ei Da

russ

alam

Camb

odia

Indon

esia

Lao P

DR

Malay

sia

Myan

mar

Philip

pines

Sing

apor

e

Thail

and

Viet

Nam

ASEA

N-6

CLMV

ASEA

N

2007 2014 2015In percent

Note: ASEAN-6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

The region’s GDP grew at 4.7% in 2015, lower by 2.1 percentage points from 2007. GDP growth in CLMV remained higher than in ASEAN-6 during the same period.


ASEAN Economy 2 GDP per capita, at current price 2.2

30,942

1,1983,357

1,831

9,657

1,246 2,850

52,744

5,7372,109

4,6321,741 3,867

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Brun

eiDa

russ

alam

Camb

odia

Indon

esia

Lao P

DR

Malay

sia

Myan

mar

Philip

pines

Sing

apor

e

Thail

and

Viet

Nam

ASEA

N-6

CLMV

ASEA

N

2007 2014 2015In US dollars

Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

Member States’ GDP per capita varied widely. In 2015, GDP per capita in Singapore and Brunei Darussalam reached more than US$50,000 and US$30,000 respectively; while GDP per capita in Cambodia and Myanmar stood at US$1,198 and $1,246, respectively. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand’s GDP per capita ranged from US$2,800 to US$9,600.


2 ASEAN Economy2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2005)

Brunei Darussalam

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

SingaporeThailand

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Overall

Brunei Darussalam

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

90100110120130140150160170180190200210220

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Food


In 2015, overall prices in the ASEAN-6 grew between 1.4% and 6.4%, Increase in food prices was relatively higher in Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia, ranging from 2.5% to 5.0% during the same year.


ASEAN Economy 2 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2005) 2.4

Brunei Darussalam

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Transport

Brunei Darussalam

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Housing


Transport prices in all ASEAN-6 countries declined, owing to the drop in oil prices in 2015. On the other hand, housing prices grew in all countries except Phillipines and Singapore which experienced a decrease of 1.3% and 3.5% respectively.


2 ASEAN Economy2.5 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)

8.8

0.4

28.4

1.0

20.2

14.2

3.4

8.8

5.3

2.6

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Brun

eiDa

russ

alam

Camb

odia

Indon

esia

Lao P

DR

Malay

sia

Myan

mar

Philip

pines

Sing

apor

e

Thail

and

Viet

Nam

2014 2015

.A positive (+) rate of change connotes currency depreciation while a negative (-) rate of change indicates currency appreciation

In percent change


All ASEAN Member States’ currencies depreciated vis-à-vis the US dollar between 2014 and 2015. The Indonesian rupiah and Malaysian ringgit depreciated the most by 28.4% and 20.2%, respectively.


ASEAN Economy 2 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) 2.6

1.4

3.9

1.4

0

1

2

3

4

Brun

eiDa

russ

alam

Malay

sia

Sing

apor

e

per US dollars

2007 2014 2015

45.9

34.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Philip

pines

Thail

and

2007 2014 2015

4,059

13,458

8,113

1,136

21,679

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Camb

odia

Indon

esia

Lao P

DR

Myan

mar

Viet

Nam

2007 2014 2015


Between 2007 and 2015, the Indonesian rupiah depreciated the most vis-à-vis the US dollar to reach 13,458 per US dollar in 2015 compared to 9,164 in 2007, followed by Vietnamese dong (from 16,120 per US dollar to 21,679) and Malaysian ringgit (from 3.4 per US dollar to 3.9).


3 ASEAN Trade in Goods3.1 Trade in Goods

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


Extra-ASEAN, 1,726

Intra-ASEAN, 544

Total Trade,2,270


In 2015, the region’s total trade in goods fell by 10% from US$2,529 billion in the previous year to US$2,270 billion; both extra-ASEAN and intra-ASEAN trade in goods were down by about 10%.


ASEAN Trade in Goods 3 Trade in Goods as Percent Share of GDP 3.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total Trade,93.3

Extra-ASEAN, 71.0

Intra-ASEAN, 22.4

In percent


In 2015, total trade in goods accounted for 93.3% of GDP; intra-ASEAN share to GDP remained relatively stable at 22.4%.


3 ASEAN Trade in Goods3.3 Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods

2007

Intra-ASEAN25.0%

Extra-ASEAN75.0%

2014

Extra-ASEAN75.9%

Intra-ASEAN24.1%

2015

Extra-ASEAN76.1%

Intra-ASEAN23.9%

In percent share


In 2015, intra-ASEAN trade in goods remained stable at approximately 24% of the region’s total trade in goods.


ASEAN Trade in Goods 3 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2015 3.4

25.8%

19.5%

9.3%

22.3%

71.2%

28.1%

37.5%

14.6%

32.3%

28.9%

11.1%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ASEAN

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

In percent share

Intra-ASEAN

Extra-ASEAN


Lao PDR exported most of its products within the region while Cambodia, Viet Nam, and Philippines shipped around 90% of their commodities outside the ASEAN.


3 ASEAN Trade in Goods3.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2015

21.9%

46.2%

33.6%

21.0%

56.1%

26.5%

41.6%

24.3%

21.5%

21.2%

14.4%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ASEAN

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

In percent share

Intra-ASEAN

Extra-ASEAN


Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR and Myanmar purchased nearly 50% of their commodity items from within the region; while Viet Nam imported the least from the ASEAN countries.


ASEAN Trade in Goods 3 Top Ten Export Commodities, 2015 3.6

In percent share

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts

thereof; sound recorders and reproducers,

television image and sound recorders and

reproducers, and parts and accessories of such

articles 25.0%

Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 11.6%

Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 11.6%

Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof 3.6%

Plastics and articles thereof 3.3%

Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 2.9%

Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 2.8%

Rubber and articles thereof 2.5%

Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin 2.4%

Organic chemicals 2.2%

Others 32.0%

Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System CodeSource: ASEAN Secretariat.

Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipments/appliances were the three top commodity exports constituting almost 50% of ASEAN total exports.


3 ASEAN Trade in Goods3.7 Top Ten Import Commodities, 2015

Others29.4%

In percent share

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts

thereof; sound recorders and reproducers,

television image and sound recorders and

reproducers, and parts and accessories of such

articles 22.8%





Iron and steel 3.2%



Articles of iron or steel 2.1%



Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipments/appliances accounted for more than 50% of ASEAN imports.


ASEAN Trade in Goods 3 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2015 3.8





Others36.0%

ExportsIn percent share

Imports





Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and

reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and

accessories of such articles21.4%

Others36.9%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and

reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and

accessories of such articles22.3%


Electrical machinery and equipment and their related products were the major intra-ASEAN export and import commodity items, accounting for 21.4% and 22.3% of the total, respectively.


3 ASEAN Trade in Goods3.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2015


Iron and steel 3.9% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 12.6%


Others42.8%

In percent shareImports





Exports

Others47.1%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television

image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles

26.3%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and

sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles

23.0%


The top ‘traded’ commodity item outside the region was electrical-related products (26.3%); while leading import commodities were electrical- related products (23.0%) and nuclear reactors, boilers, etc (14.0%).


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Total Trade in Goods 4.1

ChinaJapan

EU-28USA

Republic ofKorea Australia-

NewZealand

IndiaRussian

Federation Canada 2007 20

14 2015

171,089

345,416

173,056

238,291

187,307

227,583

178,189

212,330

61,209

122,347

47,771

60,031

37,243

58,484

5,401

13,385

9,496

11,714

In million US dollars


In 2015, China remained as ASEAN’s top trading partner, with total trade in goods amounting to US$345 billion. While ASEAN trade with most partners declined, trade with Japan and EU-28 recorded positive growth at 4.0% and 8.6%, respectively.


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.2 Total Trade in Goods

ANZ3.0%

Canada0.6%

China10.6%

EU -2811.6%

India2.3%

Japan10.7%

ROK3.8%

Russia0.3%

USA11.1%

Others45.9%

2007

In percent share

ANZ3.2%

Canada0.5%

China14.5%

EU -288.3%

India2.7%

Japan9.1%

ROK5.2%Russia

0.9%

USA8.4%

Others47.3%

2014

ANZ2.6%

Canada0.5%

China15.2%

EU -2810.0%

India2.6%

Japan10.5%

ROK5.4%Russia

0.6%

USA9.4%

Others43.2%

2015

Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea; Russia= Russian Federation.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

China, EU-28, Japan and USA’s combined shares to ASEAN’s total trade in goods grew from 40.3% in 2014 to 45.1% in 2015.


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Exports of Goods 4.3

ANZ3.6%

Canada0.6%

China9.1%

EU -2812.6%

India2.9%

Japan9.9%

ROK3.4%Russia

0.2%

USA12.3%

Others45.4%

2007

In percent share

ANZ4.0%

Canada0.6%

China11.6%

EU -288.0%

India3.4%

Japan9.3%

ROK4.0%Russia

0.4%

USA9.5%

Others49.2%

2014

ANZ3.2%

Canada0.6%

China11.3%

EU -2810.8%

India3.3%

Japan9.6%

ROK3.9%Russia

0.3%

USA10.9%

Others46.0%

2015


In 2015, China was the top export destination of ASEAN, accounting for 11.3% of the region’s total exports, followed by USA (10.9%), EU-28 (10.8%), and Japan (9.6%).


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.4 Imports of Goods

ANZ2.2%

Canada0.6%

China12.4%

EU -2810.5%

India1.7%

Japan11.7%

ROK4.2%

Russia0.4%

USA9.6%

Others46.6%

2007

In percent share

ANZ2.4%

Canada0.5%

China17.5%

EU -288.5%

India2.0%

Japan8.8%

ROK6.5%Russia

1.4%

USA7.3%

Others45.2%

2014

ANZ3.2%

Canada0.6%

China11.3%

EU -2810.8%

India3.3%

Japan9.6%

ROK3.9%Russia

0.3%

USA10.9%

Others46.0%

2015


ASEAN’s imports of Chinese-made products moderated in 2015; while shipments from EU-28, Japan and USA expanded during the same year.


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Trade in Goods Balance 4.5

15,732

2,139

-77,591

27,47919,573

-10,406

-30,507

-5,407

45,993

-80,000

-60,000

-40,000

-20,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

ANZ Canada China EU-28 India Japan Republic ofKorea

RussianFederation

USA

2007 2014 2015


Note: A positive value indicates trade surplus; the region is a net exporter.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

In 2015, among its dialogue partners, ASEAN registered trade surpluses with Australia, New Zealand, Canada, EU-28, India, and USA; while trade deficitswererecordedwithChina,Korea,JapanandRussia.


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.6 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2015


Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 8.8%




Others54.4%

Imports


Nickel and articles thereof 5.3%

Cereals 8.3% Dairy produce; birds' eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 10.5%


Others37.3%

Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

23.4%

Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the major traded items for both exports and imports, with Australia and New Zealand.


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Top 5 Traded Commodities with Canada, 2015 4.7


Imports

Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 4.7%

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 6.3%


Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 13.3%


Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard 7.6%

Cereals 13.3% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 13.9%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound

recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles21.3%

Others46.9%

Others43.7%

Fertilisers14.4%


Exports to Canada were mainly electrical machinery/equipment and articles of apparel and clothing accessories. Imports consisted of cereals, fertilizers and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.8 Top 5 Traded Commodities with China, 2015

Others38.9%


Others39.6%

Imports







Iron and steel 6.2% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 17.8%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders

and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 29.4%




Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof accounted for nearly 30% of the region’s trade with China.


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Top 5 Traded Commodities with EU-28, 2015 4.9


Others48.6%

Imports



Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 5.0%



Pharmaceutical products 5.1%



Others46.2%



Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

20.2%


Trade with EU-28 consisted largely of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts as well as nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.10 Top 5 Traded Commodities with India, 2015


Imports









Others38.1%


19.7% Others56.4%


20.5%


The region’s leading export items to India mostly consisted of mineral fuels, oils and related products including animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes. Imported goods were mainly mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes.


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Top 5 Traded Commodities with Japan, 2015 4.11

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 4.6%





Imports


Iron and steel 7.7% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof 9.8%


Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

20.8%Others37.2%

Others41.9%


and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles21.5%


Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles together with nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts and mineral fuels, oils and related products comprised the region’s most traded commodities with Japan.


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.12 Top 5 Traded Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2015

Others38.0%


Others28.6%

Imports





Iron and steel 5.0%




Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and

parts and accessories of such articles28.8%

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and

parts and accessories of such articles37.1%


Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles and mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for nearly 50% of the region’s trade with the Republic of Korea.


ASEAN Trade in Goods with 4 Dialogue Partners Top 5 Traded Commodities with Russian Federation, 2015 4.13

Others36.6%


Imports


Coffee, tea, maté and spices 5.2%



Others 9.0% Aluminium and articles thereof 1.6%

Nickel and articles thereof 2.9%

Iron and steel 6.1%

Fertilisers 7.8%




72.5%


The region’s chief export products to Russian Federation were electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof. On the other hand, mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for three-fourths of ASEAN’s imported goods from the Russian Federation.


4 ASEAN Trade in Goods with Dialogue Partners4.14 Top 5 Traded Commodities with USA, 2015


Imports



Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 8.9%




Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 11.8%



and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles22.8%



Others39.7%

Others36.8%


Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts together with nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances and parts made up more than 40% of ASEAN’s trade with USA.


ASEAN Trade in Services 5 Trade in Services 5.1

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


Total Exports 12.6%

Total Exports 12.6%

Total Imports 13.8% Total Imports

12.8%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total Import,312

Total Export,306

In percent share of GDP

Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

ASEAN trade in services grew significantly between2007-2015period,with total imports andexports reachingUS$312billion andUS$306billionrespectively, both accounting for approximately 13% of the region’s GDP in 2015. ASEAN has always been a net importer of services.


5 ASEAN Trade in Services 5.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings

26.4%

24.3%

22.9%

21.3%

22.5%

21.7%

31.8%

33.4%

34.6%

35.4%

34.2%

35.3%

21.7%

21.4%

22.7%

23.3%

23.5%

23.1%

0 20 40 60 80 100

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

In percent share

Manufacturing services on physical inputsowned by others

Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.

Transport

Travel

Construction

Insurance and pension services

Financial services

Charges for the use of intellectual propertyn.i.e

Telecommunications, computer, andinformation services

Other business services

Personal, cultural, and recreational services

Government goods and services, n.i.e.


The combined shares of Travel, Transportation and Other business services continued to account for 80% of ASEAN’s exports of services.


ASEAN Trade in Services 5 Imports of Services by Broad Headings 5.3

35.6%

36.0%

34.7%

32.9%

33.7%

33.0%

20.4%

19.4%

20.0%

19.6%

20.1%

20.6%

21.0%

21.8%

21.9%

24.0%

23.9%

23.9%

0 20 40 60 80 100

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

In percent shareManufacturing services on physical inputsowned by others


Transport

Travel

Construction


Financial services







Transport, Travel, and Other business services topped the list of ASEAN’s imports of services, with a total share of 77% in 2015.


5 ASEAN Trade in Services 5.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings

16.9%

16.7%

16.4%

15.6%

15.0%

16.0%

54.3%

54.4%

52.8%

53.4%

50.5%

47.8%

14.4%

15.1%

16.0%

16.0%

17.8%

17.7%

0 20 40 60 80 100

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

In percent share



Transport

Travel

Construction


Financial services







In 2015, Travel services along with Transport and Other business services accounted for more than 80% of intra-ASEAN’s exports of services.


ASEAN Trade in Services 5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings 5.5

29.7%

29.2%

26.6%

24.5%

25.8%

24.7%

40.4%

40.1%

43.1%

42.9%

41.9%

41.1%

17.3%

18.1%

17.1%

18.2%

18.5%

19.3%

0 20 40 60 80 100

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

In percent share



Transport

Travel

Construction


Financial services







Transport, Travel, and Other business services comprised 85% of intra-ASEAN’s imports of services in 2015.


6 Investments in ASEAN6.1 NetInflowsofFDIbyASEANMemberStates(ASEAN-6)

171

16,917

11,290

5,724

61,285

8,027

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand

2007 2014 2015

In miilion US dollars

Note: ASEAN-6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

SingaporeremainedasthehighestrecipientofFDIamongtheASEAN-6countries,withinflowsamountingtoUS$61billionin2015.


Investments in ASEAN 6 NetInflowsofFDIbyASEANMemberStates(CLMV) 6.2

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam

2007 2014 2015


1,7011,079

2,824

11,800

Note: CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam. Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

In2015,FDIinflowsinVietNamgrewby28%,reachingUS$11.8billion.Meanwhile,investmentsinMyanmarexpandedthreefoldatUS$2.8billionfromUS$946 million in 2014, posting the highest growth among all ASEAN Member States.


6 Investments in ASEAN6.3 NetinflowsofFDI,ExtraandIntra-ASEAN

8,435

22,232

78,886

120,819

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN TotalIn million US dollars

Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDR’s data on ‘by source country’ are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

FDI inflows inASEANdeclined by 7% fromUS$130billion in 2014 toUS$121billion in 2015.However, intra-ASEAN investment remained stableaccountingfor18.4%ofASEANnetFDIinflowscomparedto17.0%in2014.


Investments in ASEAN 6 NetInflowsofFDIinASEAN 6.4

China, 8,256

EU-28, 20,128

Japan, 17,559

USA, 13,646

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


ASEAN, 22,232

Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDR’s data on ‘by source country’ are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

Intra-ASEANinvestmentbecamethelargestsourceofFDIinflowsatUS$22billionin2015,asEU-28’sinvestmentfellfromUS$25billionin2014toUS$20 billion in 2015.


6 Investments in ASEAN6.5 Intra-ASEANNetInflowsofFDI,2015

Rest of the World81.6%

Brunei Darussalam0.07%

Cambodia0.35%

Indonesia7.86%

Lao PDR0.18%

Malaysia2.25%

Myanmar1.85%

Philippines0.05%

Singapore2.83%

Thailand1.17%

Viet Nam1.78%

ASEAN18.4%

In percent share


Indonesia received the largest share of intra-ASEAN investment, followed by Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and Viet Nam.


Investments in ASEAN 6 NetInflowsofFDIbyComponent 6.6

37,08432,077 29,555

63,848

49,526

62,663 65,558

89,55796,974

-20,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Equity Loans/Debt Instruments Reinvested Earning


Note: No data available on net inflows of FDI by component for Lao PDR (2007-2015) and Myanmar (2009-2015).Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

In2015,equitycapitalremainedthemainsourceoffundingforFDIinASEAN.Incontrast,theuseofintracompanyloansdeclinedsignificantly,fromUS$18.2 billion in 2014 to US$1.3 billion in 2015.


6 Investments in ASEAN6.7 NetInflowsofFDIbyActivity,2015

In percent share

Financial and Insurance activities32.5%

Manufacturing24.1%

Information and communication1.5%

Accomodation and food service activities

0.4%

Transportation and storage2.7%

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles

9.2%

Construction0.8%

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation

activities0.0%

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

1.6%

Real estate activities7.6%Professional, scientific and technical activities0.2%Administrative and support service activities0.2%Public administration and defense; compulsory social security0.0%Education0.0%Human health and social work activities0.1%Arts, entertainment and recreation0.0%Other services activities5.1%Others/Unspecified3.2%Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4.1%Mining and quarrying6.4%


Investmentinfinancialandinsuranceactivitiescomprised32.5%oftheregion’stotalFDIinflows,followedbymanufacturing(24.1%),wholesaleandretailtrade(9.2%).Servicessectoraccountfor62.1%ofASEAN’sinvestmentinflows.


Other Developments in the ASEAN 7 Economic Community Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons) 7.1

Internet Subscribers/Users per 100 persons

68.8

19.0

22.0

18.2

71.1

21.8

40.7

82.1

39.3

52.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

2015

2014

2007

Cellular Phones per 100 persons

108.1

133.0

132.3

53.1

143.9

76.7

118.1

146.1

125.8

130.6

0 50 100 150 200

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

2015

2014

2007


In 2015, the number of internet subscribers/users continued to increase in all ASEAN Member States. During the same period, the number of cellular phone users increased considerably in Myanmar, Philippines and Indonesia. There were more than 100 cellular phones per 100 persons in all ASEAN countries except for Lao PDR and Myanmar, indicating that 1 person owns more than 1 unit of cellular phone in these countries.


7 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 7.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Viet Nam

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

In percent


There is a marked improvement in Myanmar’s road condition as shown by the increase in the ratio of paved road to total road length from 24% in 2013 to 43% and in the Philippines during 2015.


Other Developments in the ASEAN 7 Economic Community VisitorArrivals 7.3

218 4,77510,407

4,627

25,721

4,681 5,361

15,231

29,881

7,944

108,846

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN

2007 2014 2015

In thousand persons

Note: In 2014, Brunei Darussalam’s data covered visitors arrivals by land and air transport. Source: ASEAN Secretariat.

Tourist arrivals in ASEAN grew by 3.6 percent, reaching nearly 109 million in 2015 from 105 million in 2014. Thailand was the favorite tourist destination in the region, with a share of 27% of the total visitor arrivals, followed closely by Malaysia (24%) and then Singapore (14%).


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