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Advanced Auto Tech ASE A 1 Test Preparation Engine Lower End Theory & Service

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Page 1: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Advanced Auto Tech ASE  A ­ 1   Test Preparation 

Engine Lower End Theory & Service

Page 2: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

To make work easier, one of the first steps often done before engine removal is to clean & degrease the engine compartment. 

True or 

False

Page 3: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

An engine sling should be held to the block or heads with bolts that thread into the block at least 1 ½ times their diameter. 

True or 

False

Page 4: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Wear­mated parts should be marked, labeled & kept organized to assist with failure analysis. 

True or 

False

Page 5: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Rod bolt covers are used to protect the highly polished connecting rod journal (crankpin) during both removal & installation of pistons & connecting rod assemblies. 

True or 

False

Page 6: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Plastigage ® is a consumable measuring tool used to check precision insert bearing clearances.  The wider it’s crushed, the tighter the bearing oil clearance is. 

True or 

False

Page 7: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Magnetic crack detection on ferrous parts is often referred to by its trade name Magnafluxing ® …there is also a dye method for use on non­ferrous metal (aluminum & magnesium) components. 

True or 

False

Page 8: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Low engine oil pressure can be an indicator of main bearings with insufficient oil clearance…more often than oil pump issues. 

True or 

False

Page 9: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Low engine oil pressure can be an indicator of main bearings with insufficient oil clearance…more often than oil pump issues.

Page 10: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Camshafts always turn at twice the crankshaft RPM. 360º of cam rotation & 720º of crank rotation in a 4 stroke cycle. 

True or 

False

Page 11: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

To determine piston ring groove wear, side clearance should be measured using new piston rings. 

True or 

False

Page 12: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Piston ring end gap is measured with the old rings to determine their wear, but end gap should be checked on new rings to assure they are not too tight and would score the cylinder wall. 

True or 

False

Page 13: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Wrist pins are offset toward the major thrust surface of the cylinder in an effort to eliminate piston slap. 

True or 

False

Page 14: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

The major thrust surface of the cylinder is the one that gets the hard hit of combustion pressure.  90° to crank centerline 

True or 

False

Page 15: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

The major thrust surface of the cylinder is the one that gets the hard hit of combustion pressure.  90° to crank centerline 

True or 

False

Page 16: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Following cylinder honing or deglazing, how & with what should the engine block be cleaned?

Page 17: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

After block line boring, a block must be fit with bearings that are: [  ] standard size     [  ] under size     [  ] over size

Page 18: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

After crank main journal regrinding, a block needs bearings that are:      [  ] standard size     [  ] under size     [  ] over size

Page 19: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Which engine has push rods & rocker arms: [  ] overhead valve     [  ] overhead cam     [  ] rotary     [  ] F­head

Page 20: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Determine the displacement of a cylinder & 4 cylinder engine with 3.000 Bore & a 4.000” Stroke:  B x B x S x .785 x # of Cyls. = Disp. 

Top Dead Center 

Bottom Dead Center

Page 21: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Determine the displacement of a cylinder & 8 cylinder engine with 3.500 Bore & a 4.250” Stroke:  B x B x S x .785 x # of Cyls. = Disp. 

Top Dead Center 

Bottom Dead Center

Page 22: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Determine displacement of a cylinder & 4 cylinder engine with a 30 cm Bore & a 50 cm Stroke:  B x B x S x .785 x # of Cyls. = Disp.

Page 23: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Determine displacement of a cylinder & 6 cylinder engine with a 25 cm Bore & a 50 cm Stroke:  B x B x S x .785 x # of Cyls. = Disp.

Page 24: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

What tool is used to remove or ream the cylinder ring ridge out of the top of the cylinder prior to piston removal?

Page 25: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

How is compression ratio mathematically determined? 

http://performancetrends.com/

Page 26: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Which parts in an engine block control crankshaft end play? Or…which parts could be worn & result in excessive end play?

Page 27: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Distance measured from TDC to BDC in the cylinder: 

A.  Stroke B.  Taper C.  Out­of­Round D.  Crank Throw

Page 28: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Loud, dull knock from the lower end of the engine block 

A.  Rod Bearing B.  Main Bearing C.  Wrist Pin D.  Piston Slap

Page 29: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Also known as freeze plugs 

A.  Spark Plugs B.  Core Plugs C.  Pipe Plugs D.  Expansion Tubes

Page 30: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Top piston ring 

A.  Scraper or Wiper Ring B.  Segmented Ring C.  Oil Control Ring D.  Compression Ring

Page 31: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Double knock heard at engine idle speeds 

A.  Rod Bearing B.  Main Bearing C.  Wrist Pin D.  Piston Slap

Page 32: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Precision insert bearing surface coating that is an alloy of: tin, copper, and antimony 

A.  Babbit B.  Assembly Lube C.  Anaerobic D.  RTV Aerobic

Page 33: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Connecting rod journal 

A.  Rod Bearing B.  Main Bearing C.  Wrist Pin D.  Crank Pin

Page 34: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Bottom piston ring 

A.  Bauk Ring B.  Blocking Ring C.  Oil Control Ring D.  Compression Ring

Page 35: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Determined by comparing TDC and BDC cylinder diameters 

A.  Stroke B.  Taper C.  Out­of­Round D.  Compression Ratio

Page 36: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Cylinder diameter 

A.  Stroke B.  Taper C.  Out­of­Round D.  Bore

Page 37: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Distance from the centerline of the main journal to the centerline of the rod journal on the crankshaft 

A.  Stroke B.  Taper C.  Out­of­Round D.  Crank Throw

Page 38: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Fastens the piston to the upper end of the connecting rod 

A.  Rod Bearing B.  Main Bearing C.  Wrist Pin D.  Crank Pin

Page 39: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Harmonic balancer used to dampen crankshaft torsional vibration 

A.  Saddle Bore B.  Bearing Saddle C.  Vibration Damper D.  Pilot Bearing

Page 40: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Determined by comparing bore diameters measured  90º to each other at the top of the cylinder 

A.  Stroke B.  Taper C.  Out­of­Round D.  Crank Throw

Page 41: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Engine block main bearing centerline 

A.  Saddle Bore B.  Bearing Crush C.  Bearing Spread D.  Bearing Clearance

Page 42: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Bearing Crush: Each half bearing is made slightly higher than exact half of the housing bore diameter. When these bearings are installed in a housing bore and the caps tightened, the parting faces mate with each other. The bearing crush creates a radial pressure and ensures proper seating of the bearing to the wall of the housing. 

Bearing Free Spread: The free spread is the distance between the parting lines of the half bearings in free condition. Free spread diameter will be in excess of the diameter of the housing bore. While fitment, the half bearings have to be forced into the housing, which in turn helps to firmly hold the bearings while assembly.

Page 43: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Axial movement of the crankshaft in the block, measured with a dial indicator 

A.  Radial Runout B.  Total Indicated Runout (T.I.R.) C.  End Play D.  Bearing Clearance

Page 44: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Right angle movement of the crankshaft while in v­blocks or main bearings measured with a dial indicator 

A.  Radial Runout B.  Total Indicated Runout (T.I.R.) C.  End Play D.  Crank Flex 

Crank run­out can be checked by installing the end main bearing caps, and setting up a dial indicator on the center of the crank. Run­out should be zero!

Page 45: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Knock heard at most speeds, but goes away when a cylinder is denied its spark or fuel 

A.  Rod Bearing B.  Main Bearing C.  Wrist Pin D.  Piston Slap

Page 46: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Polished bearing surface on a crankshaft 

A.  Thrust Plate B.  Full­Round Bearing C.  Precision Insert D.  Bearing Journal

Page 47: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Measure a Standard ” Main Journal Diameter:

Page 48: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Measure a Standard ” Main Journal Diameter: 

2” to 3” Micrometer 

2” to 3” Micrometer

Page 49: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Measure a Standard ” Rod Journal Diameter: 

1” to 2” Micrometer 

1” to 2” Micrometer

Page 50: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Measure a Metric (mm)  Main Journal Diameter:

Page 51: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Measure a Metric (mm)  Main Journal Diameter:

Page 52: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

Measure a Metric (mm)  Rod Journal Diameter:

Page 53: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010

Page 54: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010 

57.00 00.50 00.49 57.99

Page 55: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010

Page 56: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010 

46.00 00.50 00.40 46.90

Page 57: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010

Page 58: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010 

2.000 0.200 0.025 0.009 2.234

Page 59: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010

Page 60: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

2­15­2010 

2.000 0.100 0.009 2.109

Page 61: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

1”­ 2” Micrometer 

2”­ 3” Micrometer 

1.000 0.500 0.050 0.015 1.565 

2.000 0.400 0.050 0.018 2.468

Page 62: ASE A 1 Test Preparation - School District of Grafton engine has push rods & rocker arms: [ ] overhead valve [ ] overhead cam [ ] rotary [ ] F head ... D. Crank Pin Harmonic balancer

17.00 00.00 17.00 

7.00 0.12 7.12