as3740-2004-waterproofing in wet areas
TRANSCRIPT
AS 3740—2004
Australian Standard™
Waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings
AS
3740
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD-038, Wet Areas in Buildings. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 20 February 2004 and published on 15 April 2004.
The following are represented on Committee BD-038:
Architectural Aluminium Fabricators Association (NSW)
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Consumers Association
Australian Institute of Building Surveyors
Building Industry Authority NZ
Business New Zealand
CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology
Housing Industry Association
Importers, Distributors and Sealants Manufacturers Association of Australia
Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia
Master Builders Australia
Planning South Australia
South Australian Housing Trust
TAFE NSW
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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 02124.
AS 3740—2004
Australian Standard™
Waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings
Originated as AS 3740—1989. Previous edition 1994. Third edition 2004.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 5870 3
AS 3740—2004 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee BD-038, Wet Areas in
Buildings, to supersede AS 3740—1994.
The objective of this Standard is to set out the criteria for wet areas within residential
buildings. It gives minimum requirements for materials, designs and installations. It is
noted however, that other forms of construction may be equally satisfactory, providing they
demonstrate equivalence with the criteria set out in the Standard.
This Standard will be referenced in the Building Code of Australia in BCA 2004 to be
published in May 2004.
Additional requirements may need to be considered for wet areas intended for use by people
with disabilities.
The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the
appendix to which it applies. An ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and
guidance.
Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to be
requirements of this Standard.
3 AS 3740—2004
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 5
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 6
1.3 NEW MATERIALS AND METHODS ....................................................................... 6
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 6
1.5 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 7
SECTION 2 MATERIALS, DESIGN AND INSTALLATION CRITERIA
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 10
2.2 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 10
2.3 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION.............................................................................. 10
2.4 MOVEMENT JOINTS .............................................................................................. 10
SECTION 3 MATERIALS
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 12
3.2 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 12
3.3 PREFORMED SHOWER BASES AND ENCLOSURES.......................................... 13
3.4 SEALANTS............................................................................................................... 13
3.5 ADHESIVES............................................................................................................. 13
3.6 SHEET FASTENINGS.............................................................................................. 13
3.7 OTHER MATERIALS .............................................................................................. 13
SECTION 4 DESIGN
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION .............................................................................................. 14
4.2 DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 14
4.3 FALLS IN FLOOR FINISHES.................................................................................. 14
SECTION 5 INSTALLATION
5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 22
5.2 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 22
5.3 ALTERNATE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES ..................................................... 22
5.4 CURING OF MATERIALS....................................................................................... 22
5.5 PREFORMED SHOWER BASES............................................................................. 22
5.6 BATHS AND SPAS .................................................................................................. 23
5.7 FLASHINGS ............................................................................................................. 25
5.8 PENETRATIONS...................................................................................................... 27
5.9 WET AREA FLOORS............................................................................................... 27
5.10 WALL SHEETING OR RENDER............................................................................. 27
5.11 GENERAL SHOWER AREA REQUIREMENTS..................................................... 27
5.12 MEMBRANE TO DRAINAGE CONNECTION....................................................... 32
5.13 INSTALLATION OF AN INTERNAL MEMBRANE .............................................. 33
5.14 INSTALLATION OF AN EXTERNAL MEMBRANE ............................................. 36
5.15 DOORJAMBS AND ARCHITRAVES...................................................................... 37
5.16 SHOWER SCREENS ................................................................................................ 37
AS 3740—2004 4
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APPENDICES
A GUIDE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD......................................... 38
B DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN WET-AREA WATERPROOFING ..................... 39
C FALLS IN FLOOR FINISHES.................................................................................. 42
5 AS 3740—2004
FOREWORD
Since the last edition of this Standard was published in 1994, it has become increasingly
apparent that various methods for design and installation of waterproofing systems outlined
in the document no longer represent minimum acceptable standards and a further review
was required. In this document the Committee has attempted to address these shortcomings.
The topics that have been addressed include the following:
(a) Risk levels of different areas.
(b) Appropriate details for various risk levels.
(c) Clarification of usage definitions.
(d) Increased ease of reference for varying conditions.
(e) Revised design and installation techniques.
This revision is intended to cover the treatment of wet areas within residential buildings in
a form that makes the application of accepted methods more relevant to the various risk
levels, while presenting typical detail diagrams relevant to those applications.
Problems with waterproofing defects relate to a number of fundamentals, including the
following:
(i) Workmanship.
(ii) Understanding of material technology/properties.
(iii) Applicator skills and competence.
(iv) Application to a variety of use situations.
(v) Changes in design trends.
(vi) Quality control including supervision, inspection and testing.
(vii) Maintenance of waterproofing medium when disturbed.
(viii) Fixture of fittings after waterproofing and tiling.
(ix) Professional attitude and a desire to continuously improve without compromising
quality, performance and contractual obligations (where they exceed minimum
requirements).
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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings
S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D A P P L I C A T I O N
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out requirements for materials and minimum design and installation
criteria for the waterproofing of wet areas within residential buildings. It includes typical
details of construction materials and methods. It does not cover situations where flooding of
the wet areas occurs through overflowing of vessels and showers or plumbing failures.
NOTES:
1 Appendix A provides guidance on means for compliance with this Standard.
2 Appendix B provides design considerations for wet area waterproofing.
1.2 APPLICATION
This Standard applies to all residential buildings and is intended for use by building
regulators, designers, builders, waterproofing contractors and associated trades.
NOTE: This Standard may also apply to other buildings where the use of wet areas is similar to
that in residential buildings.
1.3 NEW MATERIALS AND METHODS
This Standard shall not be interpreted as preventing the use of materials, systems or
methods that meet the design and installation criteria set out in the Standard, but are not
specifically referred to herein.
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
1566 Copper and copper alloys—Rolled flat products
1684 Residential timber-framed construction
1684.2 Part 2: Non-cyclonic areas
1684.3 Part 3: Cyclonic areas
1684.4 Part 4: Simplified—Non-cyclonic areas
1860 Installation of particleboard flooring
2334 Steel nails—Metric series
2870 Residential slabs and footings—Construction
2924 High pressure decorative laminates—Sheets made from thermosetting resins
2924.1 Part 1: Classification and specifications
3566 Self-drilling screws for the building and construction industries
3566.1 Part 1: General requirements and mechanical properties
3566.2 Part 2: Corrosion resistance
3600 Concrete structures
3700 Masonry in buildings
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AS
3958 Ceramic tiles
3958.1 Part 1: Guide to the installation of ceramic tiles
CA 27 Code of recommended practice for internal plastering on solid backgrounds
AS/NZS
1170 Structural design actions
1170.1 Part 1: Permanent, imposed and other actions
1170.2 Part 2: Wind actions
1860 Particleboard flooring
1860.1 Part 1: Specifications
2269 Plywood—Structural
2588 Gypsum plasterboard
2908 Cellulose-cement products
2908.2 Part 2: Flat sheets
4858 Wet area membranes
ASTM
C630 Standard Specification for water-resistant gypsum backing board
1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
1.5.1 Bond breaker
A system that prevents the membrane bonding to the substrate, bedding or lining.
1.5.2 Drainage flange
A flange connected to a waste pipe, at the point at which it passes through the floor
substrate, to prevent leakage and which enables tile bed drainage into the waste pipe.
1.5.3 Drainage riser
A waste pipe between the floor waste and the drainage system.
1.5.4 Enclosed shower
A shower designed and installed to control the spread of water from the shower enclosure.
1.5.5 Flashing
A strip or sleeve of impervious material dressed, fitted or built-in, or a liquid-applied
product, to provide a barrier to moisture movement, or to divert the travel of moisture, or to
cover a joint where water would otherwise penetrate.
1.5.6 Flashing, perimeter
A flashing used at the floor-wall junction.
1.5.7 Flashing, vertical
A flashing used at wall junctions within shower areas.
1.5.8 Floor waste
A grated inlet within a graded floor intended to drain the floor surface.
1.5.9 Hob
The upstand at the perimeter to a shower area.
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1.5.10 Insert bath
A bath, where the bath lip is installed onto a horizontal plinth or surface.
1.5.11 Maximum retained water level
The point where surface water will start to overflow out of the shower area.
1.5.12 Membrane
A barrier impervious to moisture.
NOTE: A barrier may be a single or multi-part system.
1.5.13 Membrane, external
A membrane that is installed behind the wall sheeting or render. Usually external
membranes are preformed trays or sheet material systems.
1.5.14 Membrane, internal
A membrane that is installed to the face of the wall sheeting or render. Usually internal
membranes are liquid systems applied in situ.
1.5.15 Prefinished wall panels
Predecorated sheets or thermosetting laminated sheets that are designed for use as the final
wall finish of the wet area.
1.5.16 Residential building
A class 1, 2, 3 or 4 building, as referenced in the Building Code of Australia.
1.5.17 Shower base
A preformed, prefinished vessel installed as the finished floor of a shower compartment,
and which is provided with a connection point to a sanitary drainage system. Shower bases
are commonly made of plastics, composite materials, vitreous enamelled pressed steel, or
stainless steel.
1.5.18 Shower screen
The panels, doors or windows enclosing or partially enclosing a shower area.
1.5.19 Shower tray
An internal or external liquid or sheet membrane system used to waterproof the floor and
the wall/floor junctions of a shower area.
1.5.20 Shower area
The area affected by water from a shower, including a shower over a bath.
1.5.21 Shower area, enclosed
The area enclosed by walls or screens including hinged or sliding doors that control the
spread of water to within the enclosure.
NOTE: For the purposes of this Standard a shower fitted with a frameless glass shower screen, or
a screen over a bath less than 1500 mm long, is not an enclosed shower.
1.5.22 Shower area, unenclosed
The area that is open on one or more sides, extending in an arc on the open sides, 1500 mm
from the shower connection at the wall.
1.5.23 Vessel
An open, pre-formed, pre-finished concave receptacle capable of holding water for
residential use, usually for the purpose of washing, e.g., basin, sink, bath, laundry tub.
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1.5.24 Waterproof (WP)
The property of a material that does not allow moisture to penetrate through it when tested
in accordance with AS/NZS 4858.
NOTE: For the purposes of this Standard, see Clause 3.2.1 for materials deemed to be waterproof
and suitable for including in a waterproofing system.
1.5.25 Waterproofing system
A combination of elements that are required to achieve a waterproof barrier as required by
this Standard, e.g., substrate, membrane, bond breakers, sealants, and finishes.
NOTE: A waterproofing system for a bathroom floor may include lining it with a material in
accordance with Clause 3.2.1(a), (b) or (d) or by using a waterproof flexible sheet flooring
material in accordance with Clause 3.2.1(c).
1.5.26 Water resistant (WR)
The property of a system or material that restricts moisture movement and will not degrade
under conditions of moisture.
1.5.27 Waterstop
A vertical extension of the waterproofing system forming a barrier to prevent the passage of
moisture in the floor.
1.5.28 Wet area
An area within a building supplied with water from a water supply system and includes
bathrooms, showers, laundries and sanitary compartments. Excludes kitchens, bar areas,
kitchenettes or domestic food and beverage preparation areas.
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S E C T I O N 2 M A T E R I A L S , D E S I G N A N D
I N S T A L L A T I O N C R I T E R I A
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
This Section sets out the criteria for the materials, design and installation of wet area
waterproofing systems.
2.2 MATERIALS
Materials for use in waterproofing of wet areas shall be either waterproof or water resistant
as set out in Table 2.1.
2.3 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
Waterproofing systems and their installation details shall be suitable for the intended
application and shall be waterproof or water resistant as set out by Table 2.1.
In addition, waterproofing systems and their installation details shall be compatible and
shall resist the following:
(a) Differential movement due to—
(i) loadings as defined in AS/NZS 1170.1 and AS/NZS 1170.2;
(ii) shrinkage and expansion of substrate materials, framing and finishes;
(iii) temperature variations from −5°C to 50°C; and
(iv) movements tolerances as defined in AS 2870.
(b) Exposure to—
(i) cleaning chemicals (such as detergents, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and
ammonia), as required by AS/NZS 4858; and
(ii) alkalis from cement mortar as required by AS/NZS 4858.
2.4 MOVEMENT JOINTS
The waterproofing system shall accommodate the expected movement at movement joints
in the substrate.
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TABLE 2.1
DESIGN AND INSTALLATION CRITERIA FOR WET AREA WATERPROOFING
Design and installation criteria Vessels or area where
the fixture is installed
Level of
risk Floor Walls Junctions Penetrations
Shower area High Waterproofed
and drained
Water-
resistant
Waterproof Waterproof*
Concrete and
compressed
fibre cement
sheet flooring
Water resistant‡
N/A Waterproof† N/A Bathrooms Medium
Timber floors
including
particleboard
plywood and
other materials
Waterproof
N/A Waterproof† N/A
Concrete and
compressed
fibre cement
sheet flooring
Water resistant‡
Water-
resistant§
Waterproof Horizontal surface
Waterproof*
Vertical surface
water-resistant
Areas adjacent to baths
and spas§ (applies to
all rooms in which a
bath or spa is installed)
Medium
Timber floors
including
particleboard,
plywood and
other materials
Waterproof
Water-
resistant§
Waterproof Horizontal surface
Waterproof*
Vertical surface
water-resistant
Walls adjoining other
vessels
(e.g., sink, basin or
laundry tubs)
Low N/A Water-
resistant
Waterproof Horizontal surface
Waterproof*
Vertical surface
water-resistant
Laundries and WCs Low Water resistant‡ N/A Water-resistant† N/A
Bathrooms and
laundries requiring a
floor waste in
accordance with
Volume One of the BCA
High Waterproofed
and drained
N/A Waterproof† Waterproof where
through the floor,
otherwise N/A
LEGEND:
N/A = not applicable
* Including mechanical fixings or fastenings through surface materials
† Wall/floor junctions only
‡ Where a floor waste is provided the floor shall be graded to the waste
§ If a shower is included in a bath, include the requirements for shower area walls
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S E C T I O N 3 M A T E R I A L S
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
This Section sets out requirements for acceptable materials for use in the waterproofing of
wet areas.
3.2 MATERIALS
3.2.1 Waterproof
For the purposes of this Standard, the following materials used in waterproofing systems
are deemed to be waterproof:
(a) Stainless steel.
(b) Copper, Material not less than 99.9% copper, complying with the requirements for
material designation 110 or 122 given in AS 1566.
(c) Waterproof flexible sheet flooring material with sealed joints.
(d) Membranes meeting the requirements of AS/NZS 4858.
NOTE: For the design and installation criteria of waterproofing systems see Clause 2.3 and
Clause 2.4.
3.2.2 Water-resistant substrates
For the purposes of this Standard, the following materials used in waterproofing systems, in
conjunction with water resistant surface materials in accordance with Clause 3.2.3, are
deemed to be water resistant:
(a) Walls:
(i) Concrete in accordance with AS 3600, treated to resist moisture movement.
(ii) Cement render treated to resist moisture movement.
NOTE: For recommended practice, see CA 27.
(iii) Fibre cement sheeting manufactured in accordance with AS 2908.2.
(iv) Water-resistant plasterboard sheeting manufactured in accordance with
AS 2588 and complying with the performance criteria of ASTM C630.
(v) Masonry in accordance with AS 3700, treated to resist moisture movement.
(b) Floors:
(i) Concrete in accordance with AS 3600 and AS 2870.
(ii) Compressed fibre cement sheeting manufactured in accordance with AS 2908.2.
(iii) Fibre cement sheeting manufactured in accordance with AS 2908.2, and
supported on a structural floor.
(iv) Flooring grade particleboard sheeting manufactured in accordance with
AS/NZS 1860.1, and installed in accordance with AS 1860.
(v) Structural plywood manufactured in accordance with AS/NZS 2269, and
installed in accordance with AS 1684.2, AS 1684.3 and AS 1684.4.
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3.2.3 Water-resistant surface materials
For the purposes of this Standard, the following surface materials are deemed to be water
resistant for the locations listed:
(a) Walls:
(i) Thermosetting laminated sheet manufactured in accordance with AS 2924.1.
(ii) Pre-decorated fibre cement sheeting manufactured in accordance with
AS 2908.2.
(iii) Tiles when used in conjunction with a substrate listed in Clause 3.2.2.
(iv) Water-resistant flexible sheet wall material with sealed joints, e.g., sheet vinyl
or linoleum, when used in conjunction with a substrate listed in Clause 3.2.2.
(v) Sanitary grade acrylic wall linings.
(b) Floors, when used in conjunction with a substrate listed in Clause 3.2.2:
(i) Tiles.
(ii) Water-resistant flexible sheet flooring material with sealed joints, e.g., sheet
vinyl and linoleum.
3.3 PREFORMED SHOWER BASES AND ENCLOSURES
Materials used in the manufacture of preformed shower bases and enclosures shall be such
that the finished product is waterproof.
3.4 SEALANTS
For the purposes of this Standard, all sealants shall be—
(a) waterproof;
(b) flexible;
(c) mould-resistant; and
(d) compatible with adjacent materials.
3.5 ADHESIVES
Adhesives used in a waterproofing system shall be—
(a) waterproof, where used to adhere other waterproof materials; and
(b) compatible with the materials to which it is adhered.
3.6 SHEET FASTENINGS
Fastenings for sheet materials shall be in accordance with AS 2334 or AS 3566.1.
3.7 OTHER MATERIALS
Materials used in a waterproofing system, which are not mentioned in Section 3, shall be
deemed waterproof or water resistant where it can be shown they meet the criteria set out in
Section 2.
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S E C T I O N 4 D E S I G N
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
This Section sets out design requirements for the waterproofing of wet areas and includes
extent of application of the requirements of Section 2.
NOTE: Additional design considerations for waterproofing of wet areas are given in Appendix B.
4.2 DESIGN
Waterproofing materials and systems shall be designed in accordance with the requirements
of Table 2.1 and Table 4.1. Where Table 4.1 provides additional information on the extent
of applying the requirements of Table 2.1.
4.3 FALLS IN FLOOR FINISHES
Where required, falls in floor finishes shall allow all surface water to drain without
ponding. There shall be no sharp edges or significant lipping in floor tiling.
NOTES:
1 For additional information on falls in floor finishes, see Appendix C.
2 For information on the laying of tiles to enable them to drain without ponding, see AS 3958.1.
4.3.1 SHOWER FLOORS
Falls in shower floors shall be sufficient to prevent water from ponding within the shower
area and shall prevent water from discharging outside the shower area.
NOTE: For recommended ratio of fall, see Paragraph C3, Appendix C.
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TABLE 4.1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENT OF APPLICATION
Requirements for elements Vessels or area where the fixture
is installed Floors and horizontal surfaces Walls Wall junctions and joints Penetrations
Shower area
Enclosed and hobbed Waterproof entire enclosed
shower area, including hob (see
Figure 4.3(a))
Waterproof to 150 mm min. above the
shower floor substrate or 25 mm min.
above the maximum retained water
level and the remainder to be water
resistant to a height of 1800 mm min.
from finished floor level (see
Figure 4.3(a))
Enclosed and hobless Waterproof entire enclosed
shower area including water stop
Waterproof to 150 mm min. above the
shower floor substrate and the
remainder to be water resistant to a
height of 1800 mm min. from finished
floor level (see Figure 4.3(a))
Enclosed and stepped down Waterproof entire enclosed
shower area including the
stepdown
Waterproof to 150 mm min. above the
shower floor substrate or 25 mm min.
above the maximum retained water
level and the remainder to be water
resistant to a height of 1800 mm min.
from finished floor level (see
Figure 4.3(a))
Waterproof internal and external
corners and horizontal joints within
a minimum height of 1800 mm.
above the floor level with a
minimum width of 40 mm either
side of junction (see Figure 4.3(a))
Seal all penetrations (see
Clause 5.8.1)
Enclosed and preformed
shower base
N/A Water resistant to a height of
1800 mm min. from finished floor
level (see Figure 4.3(a))
Waterproof internal and external
corners and horizontal joints to a
minimum height of 1800 mm. above
the floor level with a minimum
width of 40 mm either side of
junction (see Figure 4.3(a))
Seal all penetrations (see
Clause 5.8.1)
(continued)
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Requirements for elements Vessels or area where the fixture
is installed Floors and horizontal surfaces Walls Wall junctions and joints Penetrations
Unenclosed Waterproof entire shower area
(see Figure 4.3(b))
Waterproof to 150 mm min. above the
shower floor substrate or 25 mm min.
above the maximum retained water
level and the remainder to be water
resistant to a height of 1800 mm min.
from finished floor level (see
Figure 4.3(b))
Waterproof internal and external
corners and horizontal joints to a
minimum height of 1800 mm. above
the floor level with a minimum
width of 40 mm either side of
junction (see Figure 4.3(b))
Seal all penetrations (see
Clause 5.8.1)
Areas outside the shower area for
concrete and compressed fibre
cement sheet flooring
Water resistant to entire floor N/A Waterproof all wall to floor
junctions, where a flashing is used
the horizontal leg shall be a
minimum of 40 mm
N/A
Areas outside the shower area for
timber floors including
particleboard, plywood and other
flooring materials
Waterproof entire floor N/A Waterproof all wall to floor
junctions, where a flashing is used
the horizontal leg shall be a
minimum of 40 mm
N/A
Areas adjacent to baths and
spas*† for concrete and
compressed fibre cement sheet
flooring
Water resistant to entire floor Water resistant to a height of 150 mm
min. above vessel and exposed
surfaces below vessel lip to floor
level* (see Figure 4.1)
Seal edges for extent of vessel and
junction of bath enclosure with
floor. Where the lip of the bath is
supported by a horizontal surface
this area shall be waterproof for
showers over bath and water resist
for all other cases (see Figure 4.1)
Seal all tap and spout
penetrations where they
occur in a horizontal
surface
Areas adjacent to baths and
spas*† for timber floors including
particleboard, plywood and other
flooring materials
Waterproof entire floor Water resistant to a height of 150 mm
min. above vessel and exposed
surfaces below vessel lip to floor
level*(see Figure 4.2)
Seal edges for extent of vessel and
junction of bath enclosure with
floor. Where the lip of the bath is
supported by a horizontal surface
this area shall be waterproof for
showers over bath and water resist
for all other cases (see Figure 4.2)
Seal all tap and spout
penetrations where they
occur in a horizontal
surface
(continued)
TABLE 4.1 (continued)
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Requirements for elements Vessels or area where the fixture
is installed Floors and horizontal surfaces Walls Wall junctions and joints Penetrations
Insert baths N/A for floor under the bath
Waterproof entire shelf area,
incorporating a waterstop under
the bath lip and project a
minimum of 5 mm above the tile
surface (see Figure 5.2(c))
N/A for wall under the bath
Waterproof to 150 mm min. above the
lip of the bath*
N/A for wall under the bath* Seal all tap and spout
penetrations where they
occur in a horizontal
surface
Walls adjoining other vessels
(e.g., sink, basin or laundry tub)
N/A Water resistant to a height of 150 mm
min. above vessel if the vessel is
within 75 mm min. of the wall (see
Figure 4.4)
Where the vessel is fixed to a wall,
seal edges for extent of vessel
Seal all tap and spout
penetrations where they
occur in a horizontal
surface
Laundries and WCs Water resistant to entire floor Seal all wall to floor junctions with a
skirting or flashing to 25 mm min.
above the finished floor level, sealed
to the floor
Waterproof all wall to floor
junctions, where a flashing is used
the horizontal leg shall be a
minimum of 40 mm
N/A
Bathrooms and laundries
requiring a floor waste in
accordance with Volume One of
the BCA
Waterproof and drain entire floor N/A Seal all wall to floor junctions with
a skirting or flashing to 25 mm min.
above the finished floor level, sealed
to the floor
Waterproof where through
the floor, otherwise N/A
LEGEND:
N/A = not applicable
* If a shower is included in a bath refer to the requirements for shower area walls and penetrations
† Does not apply to joinery fittings such as vanities
TABLE 4.1 (continued)
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DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 4.1 EXTENT OF TREATMENT FOR WET AREAS—SHOWER AREA-OVER-
BATH—UNENCLOSED SHOWER—FOR CONCRETE AND COMPRESSED FIBRE
CEMENT SHEET FLOORING
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DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 4.2 EXTENT OF TREATMENT FOR WET AREAS—SHOWER AREA-OVER-
BATH—UNENCLOSED SHOWER—FOR TIMBER FLOORS INCLUDING
PARTICLEBOARD, PLYWOOD AND OTHER FLOORING MATERIALS
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DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 4.3 EXTENT OF TREATMENT FOR SHOWER AREAS—CONCRETE AND
COMPRESSED FIBRE CEMENT SHEET FLOORS
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FIGURE 4.4 SECTION THROUGH BATH EXTENT OF TREATMENT
FOR WET AREAS —BATHS AND OTHER VESSELS
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S E C T I O N 5 I N S T A L L A T I O N
5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
This Section sets out installation requirements for wet area construction.
5.2 GENERAL
Where a tile bed is used, the waterproof membrane shall be installed above or below the tile
bed.
NOTES:
1 For the purposes of this Standard, the figures given in this Section illustrate the membrane
below the tile bed; however, where applicable, the membrane may be installed above the tile
bed.
2 See Table 4.1 for a cross-reference for the relevant installation clauses and the typical detail
drawings.
5.3 ALTERNATE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES
Installation techniques not covered by this Section shall demonstrate compliance with the
criteria of Section 2.
5.4 CURING OF MATERIALS
Where required by the manufacturer, materials shall be cured in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.5 PREFORMED SHOWER BASES
Preformed shower bases shall be supported to prevent distortion or cracking, and shall be
sufficiently recessed into the wall to allow the water-resistant surface materials to pass
down inside the perimeter rebate of the shower base (see Figure 5.1(a) and (b)).
When installing preformed shower bases, the integrity of the structure shall be maintained.
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FIGURE 5.1 TYPICAL PREFORMED SHOWER BASE JUNCTIONS
5.6 BATHS AND SPAS
Baths and spas shall be supported to prevent distortion and cracking. Baths and spas
recessed into the wall shall be installed to allow the water-resistant surface materials of the
wall to pass down inside the rim of the bath or spa (see Figures 5.2(a) and 5.2(b)).
When installing baths and spas, the integrity of the structure shall be maintained.
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FIGURE 5.2 TYPICAL BATH JUNCTION
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5.7 FLASHINGS
5.7.1 Location
Flashings shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of Table 4.1.
5.7.2 Perimeter flashing
5.7.2.1 General
Perimeter flashing to wall/floor junctions shall have a vertical leg of a minimum of 25 mm
above the finished floor level, except across doorways, and the horizontal leg shall be a
minimum width of 50 mm.
Where a water-resistant substrate is used in conjunction with a water-resistant surface
material to at least 100 mm high above the finished floor level, a sealant shall be used at
wall/floor junctions. This sealant shall be installed after the surface finishes have been
applied.
5.7.2.2 Perimeter flashing at floor level openings
The following applies:
(a) For whole wet area floor waterproofing A waterstop that has a vertical leg finishing
flush with the top of the finished floor level shall be installed at floor level openings.
The floor membrane shall be terminated to create a waterproof seal to the waterstop
and to the perimeter flashing (see Figures 5.3(a) and 5.3(b)).
(b) For other than whole wet area floor waterproofing A waterstop that has a vertical
leg finishing flush with the top of the finished floor level shall be installed at floor
level openings, and shall be waterproofed to the perimeter flashing.
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FIGURE 5.3 TYPICAL BATHROOM DOOR DETAIL FOR WHOLE
BATHROOM WATERPROOFING
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5.7.3 Vertical flashing
Vertical flashing may be external or internal and shall terminate a minimum of 1800 mm
above the finished floor level. Vertical flashings may be used as follows:
(a) External vertical flashing may be used with external membranes systems and installed
behind the wall sheeting or render provided they have legs of sufficient width to
allow the wall sheeting or render to overlap by a minimum of 32 mm.
(b) Internal vertical flashing may be used with both external and internal membrane
systems, provided each leg has a minimum overlap of 40 mm to the wall sheeting or
render and where used with—
(i) internal membranes, each leg extends vertically from within the shower tray;
(ii) external membranes, each leg overlaps the top edge of the floor waterproofing
system, by a minimum 20 mm; and
(iii) preformed shower bases or baths, each leg extends to the bottom edge of the
wall sheeting or render.
5.8 PENETRATIONS
5.8.1 Shower areas
Penetrations for taps, shower nozzles and the like shall be waterproofed by sealing with
proprietary flange systems or a sealant. When sealing the tap body to the wall the spindle
housing shall be able to be removed to enable the replacement of the washer without
damaging the seal. Any penetrations of mechanical fixings or fastenings through surface
materials shall be waterproofed.
5.8.2 Other areas
Tap penetrations on horizontal surfaces surrounding baths and spas shall be waterproofed
by sealing with proprietary flange systems or by sealing the tap body to the substrate.
5.9 WET AREA FLOORS
The floor shall be finished with a water-resistant surface material as listed in Clause 3.2.3.
Where there is a waste, the floor finish shall be constructed so that water flows to the waste,
without ponding.
NOTE: For additional information on floor gradients, see Appendix C.
5.10 WALL SHEETING OR RENDER
Where wall sheeting or render is used with an external membrane system in a shower area,
it shall—
(a) not extend into the floor tile bed; or
(b) be waterproofed to prevent moisture movement by capillary action or wicking.
For water-resistant plasterboard sheeting, all cut edges that have the potential to be affected
by moisture shall be waterproofed, including the bottom edge over a preformed shower
base.
5.11 GENERAL SHOWER AREA REQUIREMENTS
5.11.1 Substrate surface preparation for application of a membrane
The area shall be cleaned and dust free. Indentations and imperfections shall be kept to a
minimum and repaired where necessary.
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5.11.2 Stepdown showers
The highest finished floor level of the shower area shall be stepped down a minimum of
25 mm lower than the finished floor level outside the shower (see Figures 5.4(a), (b), (c)
and (d)).
(a) Enclosed shower—Membrane below tile bed
(b) Enclosed shower—Membrane above tile bed
FIGURE 5.4 (in part) TYPICAL STEPPED DOWN SHOWER CONSTRUCTION
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(c) Unenclosed shower—Membrane below tile bed
(d) Unenclosed shower—Membrane above tile bed
FIGURE 5.4 (in part) TYPICAL STEPPED DOWN SHOWER CONSTRUCTION
5.11.3 Falls in floor finishes
The entire shower area shall be constructed so that water flows to a waste, without ponding.
NOTE: For additional information on floor gradients, see Appendix C.
5.11.4 Additional requirements for bath end walls abutting a shower
Where a bath end wall is within a shower area, it shall be treated as a shower area wall.
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5.11.5 Bond breaker installation for bonded membranes
Bond breakers are required at all wall/floor, hob/wall junctions and at movement joints
where the membrane is bonded to the substrate. Bond breakers shall be of the type
compatible with the flexibility class of the membrane to be used (see AS/NZS 4858 and
Table 5.2). Typical details for bond breaker types are given in Figures 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7.
NOTE: For further information about bond breaker action, see Paragraph B3.5.4, Appendix B.
TABLE 5.2
APPROPRIATE BOND BREAKER
Membrane Class Elongation at break Minimum bond breaker/tape width to
bridge joints opening up by 5 mm
I <60% 75 mm with backing rod
II 60% to 300% 35 mm
III >300% 12 mm
NOTE: For example, for a Class II membrane, a 35 mm wide bond breaker/tape should be applied over a
joint to accommodate the joint opening up by up to 5 mm.
FIGURE 5.5 TYPICAL BOND BREAKER DETAIL FOR CLASS I MEMBRANES
FIGURE 5.6 TYPICAL BOND BREAKER DETAIL FOR CLASS II MEMBRANES
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FIGURE 5.7 TYPICAL BOND BREAKER DETAIL FOR CLASS III MEMBRANES
NOTES TO FIGURES 5.5, 5.6 AND 5.7:
1 Bond breakers for Class I membranes (low extensibility) allow the membrane to flex rather
than stretch.
2 Bond breakers for Class II membranes (medium extensibility) allow the membrane to stretch.
If a tape is used as a bond breaker, either the membrane shall not bond to the tape or the tape
shall have elastic properties similar to the membrane.
3 Bond breakers for Class III membranes (high extensibility) allow the membrane to have even
thickness.
5.11.6 Vertical membrane termination
The membrane shall be applied over the floor substrate and up the vertical face of the wall
as follows:
(a) For showers with hobs and stepdowns, a minimum height of 150 mm above the
finished tile level of the floor or 25 mm above the maximum retained water level,
whichever is the greater.
(b) For hobless showers, a minimum height of 150 mm above the finished tile level of the
floor.
(c) For vertical flashing in shower areas see Clause 5.7.3.
5.11.7 Hob construction
Hobs shall be constructed of masonry, concrete or similar material. Autoclaved aerated
concrete may be used for internal membrane systems but shall not be used for external
membrane systems. Where used, autoclaved aerated concrete shall be primed. All gaps,
joints and intersections of the hob substrate shall be made flush before application of the
membrane. The hobs shall be adequately secured to the floor and sealed against the wall
prior to applying an internal membrane.
Timber shall not be used for hob construction.
5.11.8 Enclosed showers without hobs or set downs
For the purposes of this Standard a shower fitted with a frameless glass shower screen is not
an enclosed shower (see Clause 5.11.9).
At the extremity of the shower area (see Figure 4.3)—
(a) a waterstop shall be positioned so that its vertical leg will finish a minimum of 5 mm
above the finished floor level, where a shower screen is to be installed (see
Figure 5.8); and
(b) where the waterstop intersects with a wall or is joined, the junction shall be
waterproof.
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FIGURE 5.8 TYPICAL HOBLESS CONSTRUCTION
5.11.9 Unenclosed showers including showers with frameless glass screens
At the extremity of the shower area (see Figure 4.3)—
(a) a waterstop shall be positioned so that its vertical leg will finish flush with the
finished floor level (see Figure 5.9); and
(b) where the waterstop intersects with a wall or is joined, the junction shall be
waterproof.
Alternatively, the whole wet area floor may be waterproofed and drained to a floor waste as
for shower areas (see Figure 5.3(a) and (b)). At doorways, where the height of the tiling
angle needs to be adjusted for tiling finishing purposes, the angle shall be fixed with a
sealant compatible with the waterproofing membrane without damaging the waterproofing
system.
FIGURE 5.9 TYPICAL TERMINATION OF MEMBRANE AT EXTENT OF SHOWER AREA
5.12 MEMBRANE TO DRAINAGE CONNECTION
5.12.1 Concrete Floors
For membrane drainage connections in concrete floors, any one of the following shall
apply:
(a) The drainage riser shall be trimmed to the floor level of the concrete substrate or
screed with all internal burrs removed and the waterproofing membrane terminated a
minimum of 20 mm into the riser.
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(b) A drainage flange shall be installed with the waterproofing membrane terminated
at/in the drainage flange to provide a waterproof connection.
NOTE: Drainage flanges may be either cast into the concrete slab or fixed to the top surface
of the concrete slab or tile bed.
(c) Where a prefabricated shower tray is used, provision shall be made to drain the tile
bed and provide a waterproof connection to the drain.
5.12.2 Other floors
For membrane drainage connections in other floors, any one of the following shall apply:
(a) The drainage riser shall be fixed to the floor substrate and the waterproofing
membrane terminated a minimum of 20 mm into the riser.
(b) A drainage flange shall be installed with the waterproofing membrane terminated
at/in the drainage flange to provide a waterproof connection (see Figure 5.10).
NOTE: Drainage flanges may be set into the floor or fixed to the top surface of the floor
substrate or tile bed.
(c) Where a prefabricated shower tray is used, provision shall be made to drain the tile
bed and provide a waterproof connection to the drain.
FIGURE 5.10 TYPICAL MEMBRANE TERMINATION AT DRAINAGE OUTLET
5.12.3 Floor waste
The floor waste shall be of sufficient height to suit the thickness of the tile and tile bed at
the outlet position. Provision shall be incorporated to drain the tile bed unless the floor
waste is incorporated as part of the drainage flange, in which case the drainage flange/floor
waste shall drain the tile bed where the waterproof membrane is below the tile bed.
5.13 INSTALLATION OF AN INTERNAL MEMBRANE
5.13.1 Membrane application
5.13.1.1 General
In addition to the requirements of Clauses 5.11 and 5.12, the requirements of this Clause
shall apply also for internal membranes.
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5.13.1.2 Termination of membranes at showers with hobs
The membrane shall be brought up over the top of the hob, down the outside face and
terminate a minimum 50 mm onto the floor (see Figure 5.11).
Figure 5.12(b) shows the extent of the membrane for an internal shower tray.
FIGURE 5.11 TYPICAL HOB CONSTRUCTION—INTERNAL MEMBRANE
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FIGURE 5.12 TYPICAL SHOWER CONSTRUCTION
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5.13.1.3 Showers with water-stops
The membrane shall be brought to the top of the floor finish, except where it is under a
shower screen where it shall terminate a minimum of 5 mm above the finished tile surface
(see Figures 5.8 and 5.9).
5.14 INSTALLATION OF AN EXTERNAL MEMBRANE
5.14.1 Membrane application
5.14.1.1 General
Where the membrane is fabricated from a flexible material, the top edges shall be fixed to
the wall. Fixing penetrations shall be a minimum of 100 mm above the finished tile level of
the shower area. All fixings shall be compatible with the membrane and be non-corrosive.
5.14.1.2 Showers with hobs
The hob shall be included within the finished size of the shower membrane and the
membrane shall finish at the underside of the tile that forms the top of the hob (see
Figure 5.13).
Figure 5.12(a) shows the extent of the membrane for an external shower tray.
FIGURE 5.13 TYPICAL HOB CONSTRUCTION—EXTERNAL (PREFORMED)
MEMBRANE
5.14.2 Base termination of vertical flashing
Vertical flashings in internal corners shall overlap the membrane or extended into the tray
by a minimum of 25 mm.
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5.14.3 Drainage riser connection
5.14.3.1 Preformed trays
The drainage riser shall be connected to the tray with a waterproof joint.
5.14.3.2 Made in situ shower trays
The membrane shall extend not less than 20 mm into the drainage riser or drainage flange.
The membrane shall be able to form a permanent waterproof seal to the drainage riser or
drainage flange (see Figure 5.10).
5.15 DOORJAMBS AND ARCHITRAVES
Where the bottom of doorjambs and architraves do not finish above the floor tiling, the
portion of the doorframes and architraves below the floor tiling shall be waterproofed to
provide a continuous seal between the perimeter flashing and the waterstop (see
Figure 5.3(a)).
NOTE: Where possible, the doorjambs and architraves should be installed above the floor tiling.
5.16 SHOWER SCREENS
5.16.1 General
For an enclosed shower, the shower screen shall be designed and installed to prevent water
escaping from the shower enclosure.
NOTE: For the purposes of this Standard, a shower fitted with a frameless glass shower screen is
not an enclosed shower (see Clause 5.11.9).
5.16.2 Shower screen placement
5.16.2.1 Showers with hobs
The shower screen shall be installed so as to be flush with the shower area side of the hob
or overhanging into the shower area.
NOTE: A self-draining sub-sill is considered to be a part of the shower screen.
5.16.2.2 Showers with stepdowns
The shower screen shall be installed so as to be flush with the finished vertical surface of
the stepdown of the shower area.
5.16.2.3 Showers without hobs or stepdowns
The shower screen shall incorporate or be mounted on an inverted channel, positioned over
the top of the waterstop that defines the shower area (see Figure 5.8).
5.16.2.4 Bath end walls and dividing walls abutting a shower
The shower screen shall be positioned so that the bottom edge within the shower area is
either flush with the outside edge of the bath or overhanging into the shower area.
NOTE: A self-draining sub-sill is considered to be a part of the shower screen.
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APPENDIX A
GUIDE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD
(Informative)
This Standard reflects traditional designs, materials and installations for waterproofing of
wet areas. The materials, design and installation criteria have been included to quantify the
level of performance expected of new and innovative products and methods that are not
covered by this Standard.
Compliance with this Standard may be achieved by either—
(a) achieving the design and installation criteria specified in Section 2; or
(b) meeting the requirements for materials, design and installation contained in
Sections 3, 4 and 5.
The flow chart outlining the procedure for compliance with this Standard is illustrated in
Figure A1.
FIGURE A1 FLOW CHART OUTLINING COMPLIANCE PROCEDURE
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APPENDIX B
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN WET-AREA WATERPROOFING
(Informative)
B1 SCOPE
This Appendix provides information that should be considered when designing
waterproofing systems for wet areas in residential buildings and includes guidelines for
dealing with the degree of risk, the types of materials used and their locations in the
construction. Most of these situations are covered in this Appendix.
B2 LEAKAGE THROUGH FINISHES
Water may penetrate wall and floor finishes in wet areas, depending on the frequency, the
intensity and the length of time these surfaces are exposed to water. If not intercepted, this
water may damage the moisture-sensitive materials lying beneath, and sometimes reach
adjoining rooms and their finishes. Consequently, careful attention should be paid to the
design and installation of all materials and components and systems to prevent damage by
water.
Water penetration mainly occurs at joints. Grouted joints, in particular, will often shrink
producing cracks that allow water to pass through. At floor and wall junctions these cracks
can be caused or enlarged by movement of the structure, substrate or finishes.
B3 MOVEMENT AND WATERPROOFING
B3.1 General
Movement in the wall and floor structure is often caused by contraction, expansion or
settlement. Users of this Standard should be aware of the need for waterproofing materials
or system to accommodate the expected movement of the structure.
B3.2 Structure movement
B3.2.1 Frame movement
Potential movement of corner studs is restricted if the studs are fastened to intermediate
blocking pieces. Where the framing is constructed of metal or seasoned timber, blocking is
generally a provision to restrict structural deflection.
Unseasoned timber requires additional consideration for movement and its subsequent
effects upon the waterproofing system.
B3.2.2 Masonry movement
Masonry products such as clay-based materials, cement-based materials, and autoclaved
aerated materials may be subject to specific movement characteristics depending on the
material used. These products also require consideration for movement and its subsequent
effects upon the waterproofing system.
B3.2.3 Panel movement
Panel products are also subject to movement particularly at joints, such products also
require consideration for movement and its subsequent effects upon the waterproofing
system.
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B3.3 Wall linings under tiles in shower areas
While it is considered that the faces of the nominated linings are impervious enough to
shield wall framing against damage from water that penetrates tiled finishes in wet areas,
the joints between lining sheets and their junctions with other materials may require special
attention to intercept or stop the natural paths of water through them.
Of major concern are the vertical corner joints and the perimeter joints where the potential
for shrinkage and structural movement of the framing is greatest. Vertical corner joints
should, therefore, be provided with flashing angles and sealant for surface finishes.
B3.4 Prefinished wall panels
Vertical joints between panels and their horizontal junctions with other materials should be
carefully considered, as the panels are the only barrier between the water and the framing
beneath. All joints between panels should be either flashed or waterproofed with a sealant
and the bottoms of panels installed to overlap adjoining materials.
B3.5 Floors
B3.5.1 General
Waterproof barriers are required to prevent downward or sideways movement of water into
adjoining construction or rooms.
Water naturally penetrates tiled floor finishes more readily than wall finishes. Where a tile
bed is used, a waterproof membrane may be installed above or below the tile bed. Where a
membrane is installed above a tile bed, it is essential that the tile adhesive be compatible
with the membrane.
Where the membrane is under the tile bed, the tile bed tends to become a reservoir of
moisture.
A drainage system should be provided within the tile bed, over an in situ membrane. This
allows the reservoir of moisture to discharge into the waste fitting or pipe (see Figure 5.10).
B3.5.2 General requirements of barriers
In order to maintain waterproofing integrity, trays or flashing angles should be installed in a
manner that allows for the expected movements of the supporting structure. In situ
membranes and flashings should be able to cover floor-to-wall and wall-to-wall joints
without tearing or breaking under the forces exerted on them when movement occurs in the
adjacent elements to which they are fixed.
For framed construction, prefabricated flashing angles should be adhered only to the floor
allowing the sides of the vertical legs to accommodate the differential movement between
walls and floors.
B3.5.3 In situ barriers (properties and installation)
Some of the materials specified for in situ membranes or flashings are not considered
sufficiently elastic to stretch without tearing, or flexible enough to bend without breaking
when subjected to joint movement. Such barriers should, therefore, not be applied directly
across the joint, and should be completely bonded to both adjacent surfaces. The correct
approach is to first install a ‘bond-breaker’ at the wall/floor junction. This bond-breaker
may consist of any of the following:
(a) A flexible foam-backing rod combined with a suitable bond-breaker tape.
(b) A suitable sealant.
(c) Bond-breaker tape.
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The method used should be directly related to the type of membrane installed. More rigid
membrane and flashing materials, which bend rather than stretch, are better suited for use
with a backing rod and bond-breaker tape (see Figures 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7).
B3.5.4 Setdowns
Vertical edges of the setdowns should align flush with the wall substrate to avoid creating
voids, cavities or protrusions. They should be repaired prior to installation of a
waterproofing system, as they are the cause of many waterproofing problems.
B3.5.5 Tiles within shower area
Small dimension tiles used in shower areas enable the tiler to achieve the necessary fall to
the waste. Adequate falls become more difficult to achieve as the size of the tiles used
increase.
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APPENDIX C
FALLS IN FLOOR FINISHES
(Informative)
C1 GENERAL
The primary consideration for falls in floor finishes is to ensure water does not remain on
the finished floor in a manner that can adversely affect the health or amenity of the
occupants or deteriorate building elements.
Falls in floor finishes should ensure water exits the area at the floor waste or doorway if
that is the designed exit point, e.g., laundry door to exterior. Water should not pond on the
floor, with the exception of residual water remaining due to surface tension.
C2 FACTORS AFFECTING FALLS
The ratio of fall achieved in a floor may vary depending upon the—
(a) finished height requirements at doorways;
(b) height of fixtures or fittings;
(c) dimensions of the tiles used, adequate falls become more difficult to achieve as the
size of the tiles used increase;
(d) area of the floor to be drained; and
(e) requirements of persons with disabilities.
C3 FALL RATIOS
The recommended ratio of fall within a shower area is between 1:60 and 1:80.
The recommended ratio of fall in other wet areas is between 1:80 and 1:100.
In some circumstances, the fall in the floor finishes in the same area may vary.
Where falls steeper than 1:100 are not achievable, the effectiveness of the floor drainage
should be confirmed to ensure it meets the primary consideration set down in Paragraph C1
above.
C4 DIAGONAL CUTTING OF TILES
Tiles may require diagonal cutting in the area around the waste to achieve the required falls,
sufficient drainage and to ensure lipping is kept within the guidelines of AS 3958.1.
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NOTES
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NOTES
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