AS SOON AS YOU WALK IN THE DOOR…-Sit down

-Take out a piece of paper and something to write with-Copy down the following sentences1. THE SCHISM OF 1054 in the Christian Church was due to the

use of icons, the authority of the Pope over the Patriarch of Constantinople, and political competition between eastern and western emperors.

2. The Eastern Orthodox Church used GREEK and LOCAL LANGUAGES for worship.

3. Kievan Russia adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and different styles of art and architecture through their contact with MISSIONARIES FROM THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE.

4. Roman Catholic religion DOES NOT ALLOW priests to marry.5. Empress Theodora is most known for improving the conditions

of women, meeting with foreign leaders and is the most famous woman from the Byzantine Empire.

6. Byzantine heritage was made up of blended Christian beliefs and Greek culture, extended Roman engineering achievements, preserved Roman and Greek writings, and preserved and adapted Roman laws.

7. The Mongols’ superior military tactics contributed most to the success of their vast empire.

Good day to you!• Take out a piece of paper to be ready for notes on

AFRICA.

• I will be passing back your Western African Kingdom’s Chart (these were graded) also so you may use that to add to as well…some of you don’t have a lot of room so

you WILL NEED that extra piece of paper.

• Do this NOW…if I have to wait for 10 minutes after the bell rings for people to get ready, I WILL NOT BE

HAPPYYYYYYY!!!!!!!!

AFRICAN AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONSCIVILIZATIONS1500 b.c.e. – a.d. 7001500 b.c.e. – a.d. 700

1. Why do people relocate/migrate to different areas?

2. Define Migration3. Where did the First Bantu

Migration depart from?4. In what cardinal direction

was the Bantu people moving (most of the time)?

5. The Third Bantu Migration split into what two cardinal directions?

6. Why do you think the Bantu people continued to migrate?

Bantu • Migrated from

North/Western Africa to Southeastern Africa.

• Moved because of lack of resources

• People living on the southeast coast of Africa today speak Swahili (mixture of Bantu languages).

Agriculture• Gatherer/Hunter• 10,000 B.C.E. people in Africa

begin to farm.• Climate change caused farming to

occur in different areas of the continent.

• Grasslands = good soil• More food = higher population and

life expectancy• Agriculture Cultures/Groups

start to develop• 500 B.C.E. – 200 A.D. Nok Culture

– Pottery and Iron– Animism & Griots

1. What can you determine about the importance of Aksum’s location to both its rise and decline?

2. Why didn’t Aksum expand into a large area?

Ghana (7th-13th century)

GhanaNatural Resources and Trade:

– GOLD and Salt– Ghana did not OWN gold OR salt…but they

owned the trade routes…– Tax goods that were going through the empire

Government Actions– King kept close eye on trade– King imposed an import/export tax– King imposed a production tax on gold (what

does this mean?)– Conquered smaller kingdoms and they could

stay independent by giving gifts – Nobility converted to Islam

GhanaExtra Information

– Gold and Salt were collected as taxes

– Only the king could own nuggets of gold

Mali (13th-14th century)

MaliImportant People

– Sundiata – Mansa Musa

Natural Resources and Trade– GOLD– Monopoly on trade routes (what does this mean?)– Good agriculture: settled along flood plain of Niger

River

Government Actions– Control ALL trade --Heavy Islamic

influence– Strong army --Decline in the value

of gold

Sundiata-1255• Mali’s first great leader• Crushed an unpopular

ruler• Took over Ghana• Prosperous time period• Efficient leader• Controlled finances,

defense, and foreign affairs

• Promoted agriculture while reestablishing the trade routes

• Mali: “where the king lives”

Mansa Musa• Mali endures a heavy Muslim

influence• 1312-1332

– Preached the word of Mohammad – Skilled military leader as well

• Royal control over gold/salt trade• 100,000 man army

– 2x the size of Ghana

• Divided, provinces, governors• Hajj to Mecca 1324-25

– Brought Islam back with him– Mosques, Timbuktu, universities

Mali

Extra Information– Timbuktu– Ibn Battuta

Songhai (15th-16th century)

SonghaiImportant People

– Sunni Ali– Askia Muhammad

Natural Resources and Trade– Agriculture– Gold/Salt

Government Actions– Military conquest– Very effective tax system– Lacked modern weapons (what do you think will be

the result of this?)

Songhai

Extra Information– Largest empire in west Africa– Both leaders were Muslim

GHANA MALI SONGHAI

Time Period 7th–13th century 13th and 14th century 15th and 16th century

Important Individuals

SundiataMansa Musa

Sunni Ali Askia Muhammad

Natural Resources and

Trade

GOLD & SaltTax goods that were going through

GOLDMonopoly on trade routes.Agriculture: GOOD Rich interior flood plain on Niger River

Agriculture Gold/Salt

Government Actions

Close eye on trade by king: Collectors kept a close eye. King imposed an import-export tax on traders & a production tax on gold. Conquered lesser states; gifts could keep them independent. King was very powerful. Nobility would convert to Islam.

Control ALL tradeHeavy control over government (finances and foreign disputes)Heavy Islamic influenceArmyDivision of EmpireDecline in the value of gold.

Military conquestEfficient Tax SystemOrganized with cabinets (agriculture, treasury, army)Lacked modern weapons Downfall.

Extra Information

Gold and Salt were collected as taxes.Only the king could own nuggets.

First great Sahelian empireTimbuktuIbn Battuta

Largest empire in West AfricaBoth leaders were Muslim.

Religious Syncretism

• What happens when you “sync” your IPhone or IPod?

• As the ideas of Islam and Christianity were introduced they blended with traditional animistic beliefs

• How were Islam and Christianity brought to parts of Africa?