arun ppt.pptx ..human reproduction for hsc board maharashtra state

7/27/2019 arun ppt.pptx ..HUMAN REPRODUCTION FOR HSC board Maharashtra state..

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HUMAN REPRODUCTION

10/28/20131 LOTUS ACADEMY-DR.ARUN MISHRA


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10/28/2013LOTUS ACADEMY-DR.ARUN MISHRA2


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Reproduction (orprocreation) is the biologicalprocess by which new "offspring"

individual organisms are produced from their"parents". Reproduction is a fundamental featureof all known life; each individual organism existsas the result of reproduction. The known methodsof reproduction are broadly grouped into two main

types: sexual and asexual. Coitus: Sexual union between a male and a

female involving insertion of the penis into thevagina.

Sexual intercourse (copulation) is, broadly, theinsertion and thrusting of a male's penis, usuallywhen erect, into a female's vagina for thepurposes of sexual pleasure orreproduction; also

known as vaginal intercourse orvaginal sex.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_thrustinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_thrustinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_process


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Spermatogenesis



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L.S. Of testicle



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Ovarian cycle


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Ovarian cycle



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Graffian follicle



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Human ocyte



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EMROYONIC

DEVELOPME

NT


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10/28/2013LOTUS ACADEMY-DR.ARUN MISHRA

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Gastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic

development of most animals, during which thesingle-layered blastula is reorganized into atrilaminar ("three-layered") structure known asthe gastrula.

These three germ layers are known asthe ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Gastrulation takes place aftercleavage and theformation of the blastula and primitive streak.

Gastrulation is followed by organogenesis, whenindividual organs develop within the newly formedgerm layers. Each layer gives rise to specifictissues and organs in the developing embryo.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectodermhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesodermhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesodermhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectodermhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryogenesis


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Gastrulation: the process in which a gastruladevelops from a blastula by the inwardmigration of cells .

In amniotes, gastrulation occurs in the followingsequence:

(1) the embryo becomes asymmetric;

(2) the primitive streak forms;

(3) cells from the epiblast at the primitivestreak undergo an epithelial to mesenchymaltransition and ingress at the primitive streak toform the germ layers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnioteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial-mesenchymal_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial-mesenchymal_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingression_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingression_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial-mesenchymal_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial-mesenchymal_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial-mesenchymal_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial-mesenchymal_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_streakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotes


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Gastrulation occurs when a blastula, made up

of one layer, folds inward and enlarges to

create a gastrula. This diagram is color-

coded: ectoderm, blue; endoderm, green;

blastocoel (the yolk sack), yellow; and

archenteron (the gut), purple.


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The purpose of gastrulation is to position the3 embryonic germ layers, the endoderm,ectoderm and mesoderm. These layers laterdevelop into certain bodily systems.

During gastrulation, embryonic cells migratethrough an opening within the embryo known as

the blastocoele. As the gastrula forms, theremnants of the blastocoele shrink to eventuallydisappear completely.

The opening into the gastrula is known as

the blastopore. The inner cavity created by theinfolding is known as the archenteron.
http://www.askdefine.com/search?q=germ%20layerhttp://blastocoele.askdefine.com/http://blastopore.askdefine.com/http://blastopore.askdefine.com/http://blastocoele.askdefine.com/http://www.askdefine.com/search?q=germ%20layer


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The ectoderm gives rise to epidermis, and to

the neural crest and other tissues that will later form

the nervous system. The mesoderm is foundbetween the ectoderm and the endoderm and gives

rise to somites, which form muscle; the cartilage of

the ribs and vertebrae; the dermis,

the notochord, blood and blood vessels, bone,

and connective tissue. The endoderm gives rise to

the epithelium of the digestive system andrespiratory

system, and organs associated with the digestivesystem, such as the liverand pancreas.Following

gastrulation, cells in the body are either organized

into sheets of connected cells (as in epithelia), or as

a mesh of isolated cells, such as mesenchyme.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermis_(zoology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notochordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connective_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitheliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitheliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connective_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vesselshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notochordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebraehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_cresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermis_(zoology)


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The primitive streak is a structurethat forms in the blastula during the

early stagesofavian, reptilian and mammalianembryonic development.

The presence of the primitive streakwill establish bilateral symmetry,determine the siteofgastrulation and initiate germlayerformation. To form the streak,reptiles, birds and mammals

arrange mesenchymal cells alongthe prospective midline,establishing the second embryonicaxis, as well as the place wherecells will ingress and migrate duringthe rocess of astrulation and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateral_symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateral_symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastula


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BLASTULATION


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GASTRULATION


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovum


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First stages of segmentation of a fertilized mammalian ovum.

Semi diagrammatic. z.p. Zona pellucida. p.gl. Polar bodies. a. Two-

cell stage. b. Four-cell stage. c. Eight-cell stage. d, e. Morula stage.


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovum


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Polar bodies(embryo)

When diploid

cells in animals undergo cytokinesis aftermeiosis to produce egg cells, they sometimes

divide unevenly. Most of the cytoplasm is

segregated into one daughter cell, which

becomes the egg or ovum. The other, smallercells are called polar bodies. They frequently

die (apoptose) and disappear, but in some

cases they remain and can be important in the

life cycle of the organism. Human polar bodies have become

increasingly important clinically for human

disease assessment and as metrics of

embr onic otential.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughter_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughter_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals


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CLEVAGE (embryo)


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In embryology, cleavage is the divisionofcells in the early embryo. The zygotes of

many species undergo rapid cell cycles with

no significant growth, producing a cluster of

cells the same size as the original zygote.

The different cells derived from cleavage

are called blastomeres and form a

compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of

the blastula.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomerehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomerehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryology


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endometrium


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endometrium



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In mammals, gastrulation occurs

afterimplantation, around day 16 after fertilization

in human

Once gastrulation iscomplete, organogenesis begins.

embryogenesis.
http://implantation.askdefine.com/http://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://organogenesis.askdefine.com/http://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://organogenesis.askdefine.com/http://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://www.askdefine.com/search?q=human%20embryogenesishttp://implantation.askdefine.com/


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Human Embryogenesis


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arun ppt.pptx ..human reproduction for hsc board maharashtra state

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