artificial heart valves by: brian volpe. what is it? an artificial heart valve is a mechanism that...
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Artificial Heart Valves
By: Brian Volpe
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What is it? An artificial heart valve is a mechanism that
mimics the function of a human heart valve It’s used for patients with a heart valvular disease
or have a damaged valve Heart valves are used to provide the heart with a
unidirectional blood flow They act as pumps
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Types of Artificial Heart Valves Mechanical- There are three types. The caged
ball, tilting disk, and bileaflet Tissue(biological)- valves that are used from
animals to implant them back into humans
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History 1952- The first ever invented artificial heart valve
was designed by Charles A. Hufnagel which was the caged-ball design
1960- On September 21, the first human was implanted with the ball and cage design
Binet and associates, started using porcine aortic valves for humans
1969- The Bjork-Shiley valves was the first tilting-disc design to come out
1979-the beleaflet design was introduced which was composed of two semicircular leaflets that shifted open and closed
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Mechanical Heart Valves
All the types of mechanical heart valves are still in use today.
Usually made of titanium or carbon which makes them strong and very durable
Three types of mechanical heart valves
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Tissue Heart Valves (biological valves)
Using valves from other animals. The procine valve of a pig is the most comparable valve to a human.
Xenotransplantation Pericardial valves: Biological valve
tissue can be taken from a cow or horses pericardial sac and be sewed to a metal frame.
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Advantages
Mechanical heart valves: The biggest advantage is the durability. While the tissue heart valves are estimated to last about 10-15 years, a mechanical heart valve can last 30 year
Tissue heart valves: There is minimal blood regurgitation, minimal transvalvular pressure gradient, self repairing.
Does not require and anti-
coagulant drug.
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Disadvantages
Mechanical heart valves – In order to decrease the risk of blood clotting, the patient must take blood thinners. Some patients can hear their mechanical heart valve open and close.
Tissue heart valves – Wear, there is a small possibility that the body will reject the valve, inability to implant
them into infants and
children.
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Figure. Algorithm for selecting a valve procedure.
El Oakley R et al. Circulation 2008;117:253-256
Copyright © American Heart Association
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Implanting
Both mechanical and tissue heart valves require open heart surgery
It’s more common in tissue valves for a re-operation
Complete recovery from surgery could be a couple of weeks to several months
Currently: 55% mechanical valves
45% tissue valves
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Future of heart valve replacement
Polymeric Heart Valves - Scientists are looking more into polymer materials for heart valves because it’s easy to fabricate, has a large range of polymer properties, and durability.
Tissue engineered heart valves- Obtaining the number of types of cells for tissue valves, lack of scaffold material
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Work cited "Artificial Heart Valve." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Sept. 2012. Web. 16 Sept. 2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_heart_valve>. Fisher, John. Artificial Heart Valve. University of Leeds, assignee. Patent 5500016. 19 Mar. 1996. Print. Kidane, Asmeret G. "Current Developments and Future Prospects for Heart Valve Replacement Therapy." Wiley
Online Library (n.d.): n. pag. Http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm.b.31151/full. 9 July 2008. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm.b.31151/full>.
"Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement Devices." Mechanical Heart Valves. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/mechanical-prosthetic-heart-valve.php>.
Oakley, Reida E., Peter Kleine, and David Bach. "Choice of Prosthetic Heart Valve in Today’s Practice." American Heart Association (2008): n. pag. American Heart Association. Circulation. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/2/253.full>.
Peck, Peggy. "Replacement Heart Valves Built to Last, and Even Grow." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/news/20000804/replacement-heart-valves-built-to-last-even-grow?page=2>.
"Pericardial Heart Valves." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Jan. 2012. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardial_heart_valves>.
"Pericardial Heart Valves." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Jan. 2012. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardial_heart_valves>.
Pick, Adam. "Porcine Valves – What Is A Porcine Heart Valve Replacement?" Porcine Valves – What Is A Porcine Heart Valve Replacement? N.p., 27 Aug. 2007. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/heart-surgery-blog/2007/08/27/porcine-valve/>.
Pick, Adam. "Porcine Valves – What Is A Porcine Heart Valve Replacement?" Porcine Valves – What Is A Porcine Heart Valve Replacement? N.p., 27 Aug. 2007. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/heart-surgery-blog/2007/08/27/porcine-valve/>.
"Prosthetic Heart Valve." Prosthetic Heart Valve. AHA, 7 June 2011. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/22/2602/F3.expansion.html>.
"Types of Artificial Heart Valves." Central Florida Hospitals. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. <http://www.cfhalliance.org/allianceheart/HeartValve-Artificial.html>.