ARTICLES

Name : Kurnia Agung WicaksonoClass : 1-Public Relation201423094

The two articles are the and a. The may be used with a singular or a plural noun, a is generally used with singular countable noun. Each of the articles undergoes a change before a word beginning with a vowel sound (The changes in pronounciation, a changes in both pronounciation and spelling.The chief structural function of articles is a determiners that precede nouns. However, they differ from other determiners is one important respect (They do not have the additional power of serving alone as pronouns).

A. A vs The vs No ArticleA. Articles with Singular Countable NounsThe choices will be examined in this section represent some of the most basic uses of the articleIf we compare this sentence :

I need________furnitureI need________chairsI need________chair

We see that only the singular countable noun chair in the third sentence requires an article, either a or the depending on the meaning intended. Although no article is necessary with the noncountable furniture or with the plural chairs in the other two sentences, it is possible to use the to particularize the nouns, or some to quantify the nouns in these sentences.The article is required with a singular countable noun even when a description adjective accompanies the noun ( I need a new chair ).

B. No article with Noncountable NounsBecause of its meaning of singularity, a does not generally accompany nouns used in a noncountable sense.Noncountable nouns that are unrestricted by following modifiers frequently also occur without the 1. Noncountable concrete nouns (Babies need to drink milk). The is omitted

especially in general statements2. Noncountable abstract nouns :

The is omitted even if these noncountable nouns are preceded by descriptive adjectives. Ex :

- I like to drink fresh milk- She’s studying American history this year

B. Uses of AA is traditionally called the indefinite article. Its alternate form an is used before words beginning with vowel sounds (An apple, an obstruction, an ink bottle, an hour, an honor, an heir, an honest man) words beginning with silent HA is used in a general statement to classify a noun. In this use, a points to any representative of a class from any other specimen in the same class. A occurs most often in a statement about one event, ex :

> He ate an apple> A prize will be given to the best student> A man is here to see you

This is a true indefinite of a. Such indefinite use is far more common than any other use of a.

- A signaling one specimen- that Represents a class

A is used in general statement to classify a noun.

C. No Article We have already seen that the article is not used :1. In general statements, wich noncountable and plural nouns that do not have post-modifiers

Milk is good for childrenChildren should eat eggs

2. With many place names-continents, countries, cities, lakes, streets, park-Europe, Japan, Paris, Lake Geneva, Fifth Avenue, Central Park.Further usage that don’t require the article are given below

a. No article with names of holidays (Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter) but The Fourth of July

b. No article with name of magazines (Life, Vogue, Punch, Holiday) but The Reader’s Digest, The Saturday Review of Literature

c. No article with nouns denoting certain places in the environmentd. No article with names for most phsycal ailments or disorders

D. Special Idioms with A, The, or No Article

Many idioms involving the use of articles take the form of verb plus objects, or of prepositional phrases

Verbs Plus ObjectsObject with ( a )after make Make a fool, make a difference, make a living, make a

remark, make a point ofafter take Take a trip, take a break, take a picture, take a vacation,

take a look atafter other verbs Do a favor (or a job, a service), become a reality, tell a

lie, play a joke (or a trick)on, call a haltObject with ( the ) Make the beds, clear the table, wash the dishes, tell the

truth, play the foolObject with ( no article ) Make friends, beg pardon, make haste, make

conversation, take care of, take heart, take revenge, talk shop, talk sense, play football (or any other ball games), etc.

Prepositional PhrasesObject with ( a ) In a hurry, as a rule, as a result, for a long time, as a

matter of factObject with ( the ) By the way, in the long run, in the least, at the mercy of,

on (the) one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, on the whole

Object with ( no articles ) By hand, by heart, by mistake, by train, by accident, in addition, in fact, in front of, in case (of), in trouble, in

general on purpose, on occasion, on foot, at last, and at times

Many phrasal prepositions having the form preposition + noun + preposition also occur without an article (on account of, with regard to, in comparison with, on behalf of, in addition to, by means of).

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