articles of confederation philadelphia because the articles of confederation were weak, delegates...
TRANSCRIPT
Because the Articles of Articles of
Confederation Confederation were weak,
delegates from 12/13 states met
in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia in 1787 to revise
them.
The result of this convention was the creation of a new
form of government
The new national government was
strong; but so were the
states!
The PreamblePreamble is the introduction and also sets out the goalsgoals of the
new national government
Article ISection 1-
Section 2-
Section 3-
grants all legislative powers legislative powers to the bicameralbicameral Congress of the United States
Sets up the House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives
Sets up the SenateSenate
Article I cont’dSection 4- Congressional elections will be
Section 5- each house can determine its own
Section 6-
controlled by the states
rules and proceedings
Congressional pay
Article I cont’dSection 7- all bills dealing with revenue shall originate in the
Section 8- gives Congress its’
Section 9- denies certain powers from Congress
expressed powers
House of Representatives
Article IISection 1-
Section 2-
Section 3-
Section 4-
grants all executive powers to the President of the United States
expressed powers of the US President
state of the union
Impeachment
Article IIISection 1-
Section 2-
Section 3-
grants all judicial powers to a Supreme Court
this power extends to everything under the US Constitution
Treason
Article IvSection 1-
Section 2-
Section 3-
Section 4-
Full Faith and Credit;
Privileges and Immunities;
admission of new states;
a republican form of government
all states will respect documents from other states
citizens rights cross state lines
every state is guaranteed
process created under the Articles of Confederation
Article VFormal Amendment process
2/3 of both houses of Congress approve the amendment.
3/4 of the states approve itamendment is added
Article VI Section 1-
Section 2-
Section 3-
the new government promises to pay all debts owed to Britain
once ratified, the US Constitution will be the supreme law of the landall members of the national government are required to take an oath of office
Article VIIRATIFICATION
“The ratification of the Conventions of nine states,
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution
between the States so ratifying the same”
Slave Trade/Commerce Compromise-
3/5 Compromise-
Connecticut Compromise-
Importation of slaves will cease 20 years from ratification
Slave states can count 3/5 of the slave population. Effects both representation and taxation
Saved the convention by taking the main points over the arguments on representation and combining them
Popular Sovereignty
The people retain the power
Exemplified by “we the people” and suffrage
Limited Government
Government is not all powerful
Constitutionalism- government must obey the law
Separation of Powers
3 basic powers of government are separated into three distinct branches
Articles I, II, III
Checks and Balances
All three branches are “restrained” by the other two
This principle can lead to some “clashes” between the three
branches
Judicial Review
Power of the courts to declare law unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison 1803
[national, state and local]
Federalism
The idea of sharing power between a central government and the various
state/local governments
Great CompromiseGreat CompromiseAmendment XAmendment X
Delegated Powers:
The new government can only utilize powers granted to it by the US Constitution.
Expressed Powers:
Found in Article I; Section 8; Clause 1-17
They are specifically written in the US ConstitutionThey are specifically written in the US Constitution
Implied Powers:
These powers are not specifically stated in the US Constitution
They are found in Article I; Section 8; Clause 18
known as the Necessary and Proper Clauseknown as the Necessary and Proper Clause
Inherent Powers:These are given to the government because
they are the government; These include:
Regulate immigrationRegulate immigration
Acquire territoryAcquire territory
The power of recognitionThe power of recognition
Reserved Powers:
Powers left to the statesPowers left to the states“The powers not The powers not delegated to the delegated to the
United States by the United States by the Constitution, Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved the States, are reserved
to the States to the States respectively,respectively,
or to the peopleor to the people”
Exclusive powers:
These are powers that can only be exercisedThese are powers that can only be exercised by the National government by the National government
Examples are:
Coining moneyCoining moneyMaking war and peace Making war and peace with foreign nationswith foreign nationsTariffsTariffs
Concurrent Powers:
These are held by bothThese are held by boththe National governmentthe National government
and the state governmentsand the state governments
taxesborrow moneyestablish courts
The US President has power given to him as a result of the US Constitution.
Can the US President make a pact with the head of a foreign state without Senate approval?
The answer is:
This is known as an
YES!YES!
Executive AgreementExecutive Agreement
A treaty requires Senate approval!
This is part of Checks and Balances
This is also known as the
All government officials are subject to the law of the land; never above it!!!!
This includes the executive cabinet
Rule of Law
Federal Grants:Federal Grants:
** Congress can appropriate money Congress can appropriate money to give to the States. to give to the States.
** This money can fall into one of This money can fall into one of three types of grants-in-aid.three types of grants-in-aid.
Categorical Grants: ** These grants are made for specific,
well defined purposes:
** There are strings attached however:
School lunches and urban infrastructure
Money can only be used for specified purposeState has to try to match
amount of grant
A state agency has to be created to administer the money
Obey the guidelines set forth by the national government
Block Grants: ** These grants are made for broadly
defined purposes:
** They have fewer strings attached
** States have more control on how to spend the money
Health care, social services or welfareHealth care, social services or welfare
Project Grants: ** They are made to States, counties, They are made to States, counties,
cities and sometimes private agencies.cities and sometimes private agencies.
** Cancer Research is a great exampleCancer Research is a great example
** States can also apply for these to States can also apply for these to fund job training programs, fund job training programs, employment, etc.employment, etc.