Simran Bhalla750 WordsSCOM Assignment 3Myth: Cardiovascular disease is caused by eating atFat and heart disease: faithful romance or a cover-up relationship?Have you ever thought about the football match played in your heart?Fat is the goalie, the final barrier for Bloods in the field. The pulse drops. Then rises. Paranoidspecialists announce that Reds wont ma!e it. Fat is too bul!y, too determined. But then, something ama"ing happens. Fat succumbs to pressure and becomes indifferent to the situation. Bloods flow through to victory. Basically, the lipid hypothesis is re#ected. $t%s unreasonable to solely blame our fat consumption for the bloc!age of arteries by wa&y pla'ue, leading to atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease ()H*+. This mythical story started in ,ava, bac! in -./0. 1atives were found less susceptible to atherosclerosis than their fellow *utch settlers while following a lower fat diet. 2ater, a pathologist was able to develop pla'ue deposits in the arteries of a rabbit by feeding it foods rich in cholesterol and fats. 3uch instances, founded on misinterpretations, were 'uoted so often that it made sense for us romanticised human beings to lin! up fat and )H* in an agonising relationship.)onse'uently, lowered dietary recommendations say that fat should only form 4/5 or less of our total energy inta!e. 3ome professionals even encourage us to ta!e the plunge and completely eliminate fat from our diets, replacing them with carbohydrates. But how are we sure that this is a fa!e relationship (6fau&mance+ and, essentially, a cover7up for the limited substantial !nowledge we currently have on one of the most prevalent, life7threatening diseases in todays time?This is because the inconclusive evidence collected on the topic precisely implies the lac! of connection between fat consumption and )H* ris!. For e&ample, the typical upper7class 8merican meals of -./- and -.9/ had similar amounts of fat calories. But, during this time, )H* incidences had increased by 49 times. )onversely, 3wit"erland saw a dramatic decline of :/5 in cardiovascular deaths between -.9- and -.0;, a time when more fat was consumed.$n fact, the few studies that show a positive relationship between these variables cater to economic optimism. This 6fau&mance deludes people into believing that by singularly decreasing fat consumption, the ris! of heart disease will be nullified and the ., Barner, @., E )onnor, B. (-.0/+. Regression of )oronary 8theromatosis in Rhesus >on!eys. Circulation 'esearch, (7(-+, 9.7;0. doiC-/.--;-F/-.res.A0.-.9.3. 8strup, 8., *yerberg, ,., @lwood, P., Hermansen, ?., Hu, F., E ,a!obsen, >. et al. (A/--+.The role of reducing inta!es of saturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular diseaseC where does the evidence stand in A/-/?. American )ournal O Clinical *utrition, $3(:+, ;G:7;GG. doiC-/.4.:9Fa#cn.--/.//:;AA4. Biong, 8., >Hller, H., 3el#eflot, $., IeierJd, >., E Pedersen, ,. (A//:+. 8 comparison of the effects of cheese and butter on serum lipids, haemostatic variables and homocysteine. B)*, $((/9+, 0.-. doiC-/.-/0.Fb#nA//:-A905. )howdhury, R., Barna!ula, 3., ?unutsor, 3., )rowe, F., Bard, H., E ,ohnson, 2. et al. (A/-:+. 8ssociation of *ietary, )irculating, and 3upplement Fatty 8cids Bith )oronary Ris!. Annals O +nternal Medicine, #,0(;+, 4.G7:/;. doiC-/.04A;Fm-47-0GG. )onnor, B. @., )onnor, 3. 2., ?atan, >. B., Krundy, 3. >., E Billett, B. ). (-..0+. 3hould a low7fat, high7carbohydrate diet be recommended for everyone? -he *e. /ngland )ournal o Medicine0 337(G+, 9;479;0. !. Felton, )., )roo!, *., *avies, >., E Dliver, >. (-..:+. *ietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and composition of human aortic pla'ues. -he 1ancet, 3%%(G.4-+, --.97--.;. doiC-/.-/-;Fs/-:/7;04;(.:+./9--7G". Kuberan, @. (-.0.+. 3urprising decline of cardiovascular mortality in 3wit"erlandC -.9-7-.0;.)ournal O /&idemiology 2 Community !ealth, 33(A+, --:7-A/. doiC-/.--4;F#ech.44.A.--:#. ?atan, >. B., Beynen, 8. )., *e Iries, ,. H., E 1obels, 8. (-.G;+. @&istence of consistenthypo7and hyperresponders to dietary cholesterol in man. American 3ournal o e&idemiology, #(3(A+, AA-7A4:.1$. ?rauss, R. (A//A+. $s the 3i"e of 2ow7*ensity 2ipoprotein Particles Related to the Ris! of)oronary Heart *isease?. )AMA: -he )ournal O -he American Medical Association, (47(;+, 0-A70-4. doiC-/.-//-F#ama.AG0.;.0-A11. >ac?innon, 8. c)ully, ?. (-../+. 8therosclerosis, 3erum )holesterol and the Homocysteine Theory. -he American )ournal O -he Medical Sciences, ($$(:+, A-07AA-. doiC-/.-/.0F/////::-7-..//:///7////-13. >o"affarian, *. (A//9+. @ffects of dietary fats versus carbohydrates on coronary heart diseaseC 8 review of the evidence. Current Atherosclerosis 'e&orts, 7(;+, :497::9. doiC-/.-//0Fs--GG47//97//;/7y (>8LB@ -+14. >o"affarian, *., >icha, R., E Ballace, 3. (A/-/+. @ffects on )oronary Heart *isease of $ncreasing Polyunsaturated Fat in Place of 3aturated FatC 8 3ystematic Review and >eta78nalysis of Randomi"ed )ontrolled Trials. 6los Med, 7(4+, e-///A9A. doiC-/.-40-F#ournal.pmed.-///A9A15. 1estel, P., )hronopulos, 8., E )ehun, >. (A//9+. *airy fat in cheese raises 2*2 cholesterol less than that in butter in mildly hypercholesterolaemic sub#ects. /ur ) Clin *utr, 5$(.+, -/9.7-/;4. doiC-/.-/4GFs#.e#cn.-;/AA--1. Dster, K., E Thompson, *. (-..;+. @stimated @ffects of Reducing *ietary 3aturated Fat $nta!e on the $ncidence and )osts of )oronary Heart *isease in the . (A//0+. 8n @&amination of the @vidence 3upporting the 8ssociation of *ietary )holesterol and 3aturated Fats with 3erum )holesterol and *evelopment of )oronary Heart *isease.Alternative Medicine 'evie., #((4+, AAG7A:9.%a&a'ines1. Bhite, ,. (A/-:+. Fat or Fiction (cover story+. 1ew 3cientist, (A.G/+, 4A740. (e)sites1. 1hlbi.nih.gov,. (A/-9+. What +s Coronary !eart 7isease8 9 *!1B+0 *+!. Retrieved A; 8pril A/-9, from httpCFFwww.nhlbi.nih.govFhealthFhealth7topicsFtopicsFcad*omments