Arthropods & Echinoderms

Mrs. Wetzel Biology

Review 6 Kingdoms …..Eukarya…Archaea…

Protista….Fungi…..Plants….Animals

Review Prokaryotes?

Review Prokaryotes

Eukarya Archaea

Review Protista- Three kinds?

Review Protista

Plant- like Animal- like Fungus- like

Review Fungus

Made of Chitin

Review Plants?

Review Plants

Non Vascular = Mosses Vascular No Seed = Ferns Seed Plants

Angiosperms= Flowering Plants Gymnosperms= Cone Plants

Animals Phylum

Porifera Cnidarian Worms Molluska Arthropods Echinoderms

Non Vertebrate Chordates Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

What is an Arthropod? Arthropods have a segmented body, a

tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

The Exoskeleton is made of chitin Appendages can be “feet” or antennae

Evolution of Arthropods The evolution of arthropods has led to more

specialized appendages and fewer body segments

Evolution of Arthropods

Modern arthropods include insects, spiders, centipedes, shrimp, and crayfish.

All arthropods are the descendents of a single common ancestor. Just as you and your biological cousins can trace your ancestry back to a common set of grandparents, all arthropods can trace their ancestry back to a common arthropod ancestor. Any species descended from that ancestor is an arthropod. And any species not descended from that ancestor is not an arthropod.

FeedingArthropods have a varied type of nutrition.

Their mouthparts vary depending on what they eat.

Respiration Tracheal tubes- air filled spiracles that

extend the length of the body.

Book lungs “pages” of respiratory tissue

Book Gills

Circulation Arthropods have an open circulatory

system. Fairly well developed heart/ hearts

Excretion Malpighian tubules- extract waste from the

blood then add it to the solid waste moving through the gut

Response Very well developed nervous system Brain & Ganglia

Movement Muscles attached to the exoskeleton allow

the animals to move

Reproduction Terrestrial = internal fertilization Aquatic= external fertilization

Growth Molting- When an arthropod becomes too

large it sheds it’s exoskeleton and then manufactures a new one.

Classification Crustaceans Chelicerates Uniramians

Crustaceans Two pairs of branched antennae, Two or three body sections,

Head/ Thorax Head/ Thorax/ Abdomen

Mouthparts are called mandibles

Crustaceans Crabs, shrimp, lobsters, crayfish= aquatic Pillbugs= Terrestrial

Crustaceans Aquatic Crustaceans use swimmeret's to

move

Chelicerates Chelicerates have mouthparts called

chelicerae Four or five pairs of legs Two body sections

Cephalothorax/ Abdomen

Chelicerates Spiders Ticks Mites Horseshoe crab Scorpions

Horseshoe crab Oldest living arthropods

Remember a crab is not a crustacean! A horseshoe crab is a chelicerate

Spiders Largest group of arthropods DO not have Jaws for chewing- they liquefy

their food then suck the fluid into their stomach

There are about 2,000 kinds of spiders in the United States. Of these, only a few species are considered to have bites that are of medical importance. Spiders are very shy creatures. Most people get bitten because they are cleaning an area that has not been cleaned for a long time and they disturb a spider's web or nest. Spiders are often blamed for many more bites than they actually commit. In general,

most spider bites will not harm most people except for slight discomfort for a limited time after being bitten. A few individuals may be hypersensitive to the bites of a particular species, but this allergic

reaction won't be known until after the person gets bitten.  Although only a few spiders are toxic or cause allergic reactions, if

one has been bitten, it can be important to save the spider for identification purposes. 

Unlike the majority of spiders, black widow and brown recluse spiders are of concern because their venom contains toxins, that can cause

medical problems.

Mites & Ticks Small & Parasitic

Lyme disease Rocky mountain Spotted fever

Scorpions Scorpions can chew their prey Pedipalps are enlarged into claws

Uniramians Uniramians have jaws, one pair of antennae, UNBRANCHED appendages

Uniramians Classification

Chilopods Diplopods Insecta

Chilopods Centipedes

Carnivores One pair of legs on each segment

Diplopods Millipedes

Each segment has two legs Feed on dead and decaying plant material

Insects Body Divided into three parts

Head/ Thorax/ AbdomenThree pairs of legs

Metamorphosis Insects go through metamorphosis- which

is the changing of shape & form

Lots of them Insects make up approx. 45% of the worlds

biomass 26- 30 orders New or recently evolved insects are being

discovered all the time

Echinoderms An echinoderm is characterized by: spiny skin radial symmetry INTERNAL skeleton Water Vascular System Tube feet- suction cup

CLassification Crinoidea-

Sea lilly Feather Star

Asteroidea Sea stars Star shaped Bottom Dwellers

                                             

Class HOLOTHUROIDEA: sea cucumbers [Fig. 25.12-25.13]•bilaterally symmetric--slug-like

                                             

Class HOLOTHUROIDEA: sea cucumbers [Fig. 25.12-25.13]•bilaterally symmetric--slug-like

                                             

Class HOLOTHUROIDEA: sea cucumbers [Fig. 25.12-25.13]•bilaterally symmetric--slug-like

At left is a gang attack on an Acodontaster sp. by the y seastar Odontaster validus with the nemertean proboscis worm Parborlasia corrugatus in the

foreground.

Ophiuroidea Brittle star Basket Star

Most are filter feeders or detritivores

Ophiuroidea

Echinoidea Sea urchin Sand Dollar Sea Biscuit

No arms

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/SandDollar1.jpg

Holothuroidea Sea cucumbers

Small endoskeleton

Sea cucumber