arthropod faunal diversity and relevant interrelationships...

Myrna G. Ballentes :: Alma B. Mohagan :: Victor P. Gapud Maria Catherine P. Espallardo :: Myrna O. Zarcilla

Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental

Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental

Myrna G. Ballentes, Alma B. Mohagan, Victor P. Gapud Maria Catherine P. Espallardo, Myrna O. Zarcilla

Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao: Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs

Funding for BRP is provided by the Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation (DGIS) through the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA).

The Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao is a collaborative research programme on biodiversity management and conservation jointly undertaken by Filipino and Dutch researchers in Mt. Malindang and its environs, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. It is committed to undertake and promote participatory and interdisciplinary research that will promote sustainable use of biological resources, and effective decision-making on biodiversity conservation to improve livelihood and cultural opportunities. BRP aims to make biodiversity research more responsive to real-life problems and development needs of the local communities, by introducing a new mode of knowledge generation for biodiversity management and conservation, and to strengthen capacity for biodiversity research and decision-making by empowering the local research partners and other local stakeholders.

Philippine Copyright 2006 by Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) Biodiversity Research Programme for Development in Mindanao: Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs ISBN 971-560-125-1 Wildlife Gratuitous Permit No. 2005-01 for the collection of wild faunal specimens for taxonomic purposes, issued by DENR-Region X, Cagayan de Oro City on 4 January 2005. Any views presented in this publication are solely of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of SEARCA, SEAMEO, or any of the member governments of SEAMEO.

Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang iii

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Appendix Tables

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Introduction

Review of Literature

Rationale

Objectives

Methodology

Site SelectionEstablishment of Sampling PlotsSampling ProcedureThreatened Faunal SpeciesBiodiversity IndicesSocioeconomic-cultural Activities and Biological

Properties of the EcosystemFormulation of Recommendations for Increasing

Awareness on Biological Diversity and Conservation

Results and Discussion

Arthropod CompositionEndemic ArthropodsArthropod Species Richness and DiversityArthropod Species SimilarityTrophic Guild CompositionArthropod Fauna Resource UtilizationIndigenous Knowledge on Arthropod FaunaConservation Strategies

Summary

Conclusions

Recommendations

Literature CitedAPPENDICES

?

iv

iv

v

viii

1

2

2

4

4

5

55557

7

7

8

88

151519212424

32

33

34

35

Technical Reportiv

Tables

1 Vegetation types of arthropod fauna study in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

2 Arthropod composition of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)3 Endemic arthropod species of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park

(MMRNP)4 Mt. Malindang endemic arthropods and their associated

endemic host plants5 Species richness and diversity at different vegetation types of

arthropod fauna in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)6 Species richness and diversity at various research sites of

arthropod fauna in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)7 Trophic guilds of selected arthropods in Mt. Malindang Range

Natural Park (MMRNP)

Figures

1 Proportional representation of the arthropod groups of Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP) with a total of 741 species

2 Philippine endemic dragonfly, Heteronaias heterodoxa (Selys)3 Mindanao endemic Devadatta podolestoides basilanensis Laidlaw

(Amphipterygidae)4 Greater Mindanao endemic Risiocnemis (Igneocnemis) flammea

(Selys) (Platycnemididae)5 Philippine endemic tetrigid, Diotarus verrucifer Stal6 Philippine endemic tettigoniid, Tympanoptera sp. nr. philippina Hebard7 Mindanao endemic tetrigid, Misythus sp. nr. jubatus Hebard8 Greater Mindanao endemic trigonopterygid, Systella philippinensis (Walker)9 Mindanao endemic tettigoniid, Anthracites sp. nr. major Hebard10 Mindanao endemic tettigoniid, Morsimus sp. nr. serratus Beier11 Mindanao endemic/MMRNP endemic phyliid (leaf insect), Phyllium sp.12 Mindanao endemic treehopper, Emphusis bakeri Funkhouser13 MMRNP endemic curculionids14 Philippine endemic papilionids15 Mindanao endemic hesperiid, Choaspes plateni adhara Mabille16 Mindanao endemic pierid, Delias henningia ochreopicta Butler17 MMRNP endemic nymphalid, Parantica dannatii malindangensis

Treadaway18 MMRNP endemic pierid, Delias diaphana basilisae Schroeder & Treadaway19 Species diversity of arthropod fauna per vegetation type

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)20 Species diversity of arthropod fauna per site in Mt. Malindang

Range Natural Park (MMRNP)21 Community similarity matrix of arthropod fauna per vegetation using

Pearson’s Index of Similarity22 Correspondence analysis of arthropod fauna per sites23 Phytophagous species of Orthoptera24 Phytophagous species of Hemiptera25 Phytophagous species of Coleoptera26 Phytophagous species of Lepidoptera27 Predatory species of Mantodea and Coleoptera28 Predatory species of Hymenoptera and Araneida

69

9

10

17

18

23

1111

11

12131313131313141414161616

1616

19

20

2122252627282930

Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang v

29 Pollinator species of Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera30 Scavengers/Fungivorous species of Coleoptera31 Xyloborous species of Coleoptera

Appendix Tables

1 Odonata species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

2 Ephemeroptera species at different vegetation types inMt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)

3 Blattodea species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

4 Dermaptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

5 Isoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

6 Orthoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

7 Phasmatodea species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

8 Mantodea species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

9 Hemiptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

10 Neuroptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

11 Coleoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangNatural Park (MMRNP)

12 Diptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang RangeNatural Park (MMRNP)

13 Lepidoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

14 Hymenoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

15 Araneida (Spider) species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

16 Other arthropod species at different vegetation types in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

17 Endemic species of Odonata in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park(MMRNP)

18 Endemic species of Orthoptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park(MMRNP)

19 Endemic species of Phasmatodea in Mt. Malindang Range NaturalPark (MMRNP)

20 Endemic species of Hemiptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park(MMRNP)

21 Endemic species of Coleoptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park(MMRNP)

22 Endemic species of Lepidoptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park(MMRNP)

23 Mt. Malindang endemic species of arthropod fauna per vegetation24 Mt. Malindang endemic species of arthropod fauna per site in the

forest ecosystem

303131

37

39

39

40

40

41

43

44

45

50

50

60

62

64

67

69

70

71

72

73

74

7677

80

Technical Reportvi

25 Mt. Malindang endemic species of arthropod fauna per sitein the agroecosystem

26 Mt. Malindang endemic arthropods and their associated host plants27 Distribution range and associated host plants of Odonata species in

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)28 Distribution range and associated host plants of Ephemeroptera

species in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)29 Distribution range and associated host plants of Blattodea species in

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)30 Distribution range and associated host plants of Dermaptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)31 Distribution range and associated host plants of Orthoptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)32 Distribution range and associated host plants of Phasmatodea species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)33 Distribution range and associated host plants of Mantodea species in

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)34 Distribution range and associated host plants of Hemiptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)35 Distribution range and associated host plants of Neuroptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)36 Distribution range and associated host plants of Coleoptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)37 Distribution range and associated host plants of Diptera species in

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)38 Distribution range and associated host plants of Lepidoptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)39 Distribution range and associated host plants of Hymenoptera species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)40 Distribution range and associated host plants of Araneida species

in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)41 Distribution range and associated host plants of other arthropod

species in Mt. Malindang National Park (MMRNP)42 Trophic guilds of selected arthropods in Mt. Malindang Range Natural

Park (MMRNP)43 Trophic guild of Odonata per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range

Natural Park (MMRNP)44 Trophic guild of selected Orthoptera per vegetation type of

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)45 Trophic guild of Phasmatodea per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang

Range Natural Park (MMRNP)46 Trophic guild of Mantodea per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang

Range Natural Park (MMRNP)47 Trophic guild of selected Hemiptera per vegetation type of

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP)48 Trophic guild of Coleoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang

Range Natural Park (MMRNP)49 Trophic guild of Lepidoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang

Range Natural Park (MMRNP)50 Trophic guild of Hymenoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang

Range Natural Park (MMRNP)51 Trophic guild of ants per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range

Natural Park (MMRNP)

8387

91

92

93

93

94

97

98

99

105

106

116

119

122

126

129

130

136

138

139

140

141

146

157

160

163

Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang vii

52 Trophic guild of Araneida (Spiders) per vegetation type of Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

53 Trophic guild of other arthropods per vegetation type of Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP)

164

166

Acknowledgment

Technical Report

The arthropod faunal diversity team expresses sincere thanks to the Netherlands Ministry forDevelopment Cooperation (DGIS) through SEARCA for the financial support; to the Joint ProgrammeCommittee (JPC) for the well-administered biodiversity program; to the National Support Secretariat(NSS) and Site Coordinating Office (SCO) personnel for their guidance and coordination; to thePresident of Central Mindanao University (CMU), Dr. Mardonio M. Lao and the administration forthe support and concern to the researchers; to the Philippine Working Group (PWG) for theircomments and suggestions; to Dr. Ireneo I. Lit, Jr. for the identification of the arthropods belongingto group Phasmatodea (walking sticks), Formicidae (ants), Araneida (spiders), and some of theHymenoptera (bees and wasps) species; to the Project Leaders of the Terrestrial EcosystemMaster Project, Dr. Jose B. Arances and Prof. Edgardo C. Aranico for their support and distinguishedideas; to the local researchers and laborers who provided their time, effort, and technical assistanceduring fieldworks in collecting arthropod faunal specimens; and to the provincial and municipalofficials of Misamis Occidental especially the barangay captains and members of the local communityof the study sites for the protection and accommodation extended to the researchers during theconduct of the study.

1Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang

An assessment of arthropod diversity andanalysis of the interrelationships with otherresources were conducted in 10 barangays inOroquieta City, Don Victoriano, Lopez Jaena,and Calamba, Misamis Occidental from June 2003to May 2005.

The current inventory of Mt. Malindangarthropods includes 741 species in 340 genera,135 families, 21 orders, and 5 classes. The mostspeciose orders, the Coleoptera, Hemiptera,Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Araneida accountfor 78.37 percent of all the species.

Arthropod species diversity is generally higherin forest ecosystems than in agroecosystems.When treated per vegetation and per site,diversity is highest in the mixed dipterocarpforest of Peniel, Lopez Jaena, with 82 restrictedspecies (60% beetles) out of 316 species.

In terms of species composition, three majorclusters of similarity among vegetation typesare discernible: a) five agroecosystem sites inGandawan, Mansawan, Lake Duminagat,Mamalad, and Mialen, with Gandawan andMansawan having the most similar arthropods;b) montane-mossy forest and agrocereal grass-dominated type and almaciga forest in Sebucal;and c) mixed lowland dipterocarp-plantationforests, agrocereal, agroforest, and mixeddipterocarp forest. Three vegetation typesappeared to show little species similarities amongeach other or with any of the three clusters,

Abstract

namely, the lowland dipterocarp forest (Mialen),submontane dipterocarp forest (Mt. Capole),and agrocereal grass-dominated system (Peniel).

In terms of proportional representation of thetrophic guilds of the selected taxa,phytophagous occupies the biggest proportion,followed by the predaceous, pollinators,parasitoids, scavengers, xyloborous, and antspecies.

Some species of arthropods are utilized in variousways. The honeybee, Apis cerana, produceshoney that is popularly sold in the market today.Some consumers even prefer buying bottledhoney with beehives submerged in it. Otherarthropods like crabs, termites, and the larvaeand adults of coconut beetles are utilized asfood. Termites and naiads of Odonata are usedas fish baits, while ants act as biocontrol agentsfor cabbage worms. Indigenous knowledge onarthropod species is very scarce and limitedonly to common uses of honey, butterfly colorsymbols, “weather forecasting” by kalong(crabs), ritual for tree blooms for honey foraging,and predation of a vespid wasp, Ropalidia sp.on the larvae of diamondback moth.

Out of 67 (mostly curculionid beetles) endemicarthropod species, at least 21 are associatedwith 18 endemic host plants in Mt. Malindang,a situation urging immediate conservationefforts.

2 Technical Report

The arthropods are known for their greatimportance in the living world. Aside from theirsocioeconomic significance, they have essentialroles within ecosystems. Despite theirperformance of these substantial functions,conservation studies on the arthropod faunaaspects of Mt. Malindang are not yet available.

Introduction

Arthropods are the major invertebrate life formswhich far outnumber all other terrestrial animals.The most spectacular variation has been withinthe insects, constituting 75 percent of allanimals (Daly et al. 1998; Triplehorn and Johnson2005). Coleoptera (beetles) - the largest insectorder - comprise almost 40 percent of thedescribed insects (Gullan and Cranston 2000),while Curculionidae - one of the beetle families- constitute 5 percent of all animal species(Brusca and Brusca 2003).

The current inventory of Philippine insectsincludes about 21,000 species in 6,185 generaand 499 families, with an overall endemism of69.8 percent. Of these, the neuropteroids(beetles, twisted-winged flies, antlions,lacewings, owlflies) account for 35.7 percentof the total insect species, followed by thepanorpoids (flies, fleas, butterflies, moths,caddisflies) - 29.3 percent, Hymenoptera (ants,bees, wasps) - 14.3 percent, the hemipteroids(barklice, thrips, lice, planthoppers, leafhoppers,cicadas, true bugs) - 14.2 percent, theorthopteroids (grasshoppers, katydids, crickets,pygmy locusts, preying mantis, stick insects,earwigs, stoneflies, termites, roaches,webspinners) - 4.8 pecent, the palaeopterans(mayflies, damselflies, dragonflies) - 1.5 percent,and the rest comprise 0.25 percent(Gapud 2005).

Selected groups of Philippine insectsdemonstrate high species richness and highlevels of endemism (Gapud 2005): damselflies(186 spp), 85.5 percent endemism;pachyrrynchine weevils (352 spp), 95 percent

Review of Literature

endemism; butterflies and skippers (890 spp,900 subspecies), 39.3 percent endemism;Rhagovelia (Veliidae, water bugs, 60 spp), manyisland endemics; caddisflies (Trichoptera, 319spp), 96 percent endemism; stick and leafinsects (207 spp), 86.5 percent endemism; andHenosepilachna (Coccinellid beetles, 20 spp),55 percent endemism (Bielawski 1965).

Approximately half the species of insects arephytophagous. However, the impact of insectfeeding is checked by natural enemies andameliorated by varied plant defenses. Not allrelationships, though, are injurious to plants.About 80 percent of the known flowering plantsowe their dispersal to pollination by insects(Lawrence 2004; Daly et al. 1998). A goodnumber of arthropod groups are among theprincipal predators of other invertebrates.Consequently, they are major components inthe diets of many terrestrial animals. Thus,arthropods play a very crucial role in food websof practically all ecosystems (Brusca and Brusca2003).

The Curculionids referred to as weevils have41,000 species which are phytophagous asadults and larvae. They probably utilize almostmonocotyledon and dicotyledon families, as wellas various gymnosperms, ferns, and cycads.Adults feed mainly on young, tender leaves orshoots, flowers, pollen, and fruits. They areusually polyphagous and may feed on anextremely wide range of hosts in unrelatedfamilies, and often in forest litter, although theirbiology is still a matter of speculation (Madgeet al. 2000).

An inventory of the various aspects ofarthropods, especially the entomofauna mayshow the unique position of Mt. Malindang, aswell as the significant relationship of these livingcreatures to vegetation zones, elevationalrange, and formulation of participatoryconservation strategies.


The pollinators ensure full harvest and seedproduction from many agricultural crops includingmany orchard fruits, nuts, clovers, vegetables,and cotton (Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). Theyare essential components of the habitats andecosystems that many wild animals rely on forfood and shelter (Pollinator Declines 2001).

Dragonflies and damselflies are not only knownfor their predatory role but most of them aresensitive to pollution and favor a wide range ofmicrohabitats. They indicate water quality andsince these species prey on mosquitoes, theirpresence implies lesser mosquito population(Olber et al. 2000). Local faunal compositionmay be strongly affected by any change in waterflow, turbidity, or aquatic or watersidevegetation. Inland fishermen identify dragonflylarvae as “mud eyes” and use them as baitswhile the adults are a minor food item in somecountries (Trueman and Row 2001).

The parasitic Hymenoptera are a highlysuccessful and important group of insectscomprising probably over a million species.Despite the vast amount of research that hasbeen carried out on the group over the last 100years or so, there are still many unexplainedaspects of their increasing demand for biologicalmethods for pest control and their possible useas natural enemies. Parasitic wasps aretremendously important in research, on pollutiondynamics and on host-parasite interaction(Quicke 2003).

According to Perlman and Paskowitz (1998), anew focus on intensive study of as many speciesas possible in limited areas, rather than comingup with the traditional haphazard description ofnew species one or few at a time may enablebiologists to understand in detail how speciosetropical insects are, their pattern of distribution,and how they interact with other ecosystemsto achieve a reasonably comprehensive level ofknowledge.

Agriculture, especially monoculture has affectedthe natural biodiversity through the simplificationof habitats and ecosystems. As a result, theloss of floristic and structured diversity leadsto the reduction of faunal heterogeneity. It isin this direction that strategies could be usefulin restoring or at least improving local speciesdiversity, in terms of flora and fauna (Altieri1991 as cited by Ceniza 1995). The key is toidentify the type of biodiversity that is desirableto maintain and or enhance in order to carryout ecological services, and then to determinethe best practices that will encourage thedesired biodiversity components. The role ofagroecologists should be to encourage thoseagricultural practices that increase theabundance and diversity of above- and below-ground organisms, which in turn provide keyecological services to agroecosystems (Altieriand Nicholls 2005).

4 Technical Report

The general objective of the study was todevelop a better understanding of the landscapeand management of the critical arthropod faunalresources in Mt. Malindang through assessmentof the existing arthropod diversity resource andanalysis of the significant interrelationships ofthe arthropod fauna with other resources inthe area.

The specific objectives of the study were to:(1) identify the arthropods in the forest andagroecosystems in Mt. Malindang; (2)determine the richness and endemism of thearthropod faunal species; (3) identify thebiodiversity parameters for designing appropriateconservation and management schemes of

Objectives

critical resources; (4) assess the impact ofsocioeconomic-cultural activities on thearthropod biodiversity resource use; (5)harmonize indigenous knowledge system (IKS)in designing monitoring system for arthropoddiversity resource use and conservationpractices; (6) organize a network ofstakeholders in various communities for theimplementation of scientifically harmonized IKSmonitoring and conservation practices; (7)promote awareness on arthropod resourcediversity and conservation; and (8) developadditional integrated development andbiodiversity conservation strategies in localbiodiversity conservation for local communities.

This study was geared towards knowledgegeneration using the participatory approach tocreate a better understanding of the diversityand availability of critical arthropod faunalresources in Mt. Malindang. These criticalresources include the economically important,threatened, and abundant species. Efforts weredirected on analysis of the interactions of themultifarious factors that affect and influence

Rationale

these resources. An assessment of the scientificand indigenous knowledge systems onbiodiversity conservation was also conducted.The ultimate goal was to identify, recommendand develop concrete strategies to enhancethe capability of the local communities and otherstakeholders towards the conservation andsound management of Mt. Malindang’sbiodiversity resources.


Site selection

Seventeen sites with 10 subsites wereestablished as research areas for the arthropodfauna study (Table 1). The different sites werelocated within the barangays of Lake Duminagat,Gandawan, and Mansawan of Don Victoriano;Old Liboron, Sebucal, Mialen, Toliyok, and Bungaof Oroquieta City; Peniel of Lopez Jaena; andMamalad of Calamba, Misamis Occidental.

The sites were categorized according tovegetation types with partial reference toaltitude. North Peak at altitudes of 1,800-2,185meters above sea level (masl) and Mt. Ginlajanat 1,700-1,900 masl are mossy forests.Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan at 1,450-1,700 masl andMt. Pungol at 1,400-1,600 masl are montaneforests. Old Liboron at altitudes of 1,200-1,400masl is an almaciga forest. Mt. Capole at 900-1,100 masl is a submontane dipterocarp forest.Sites 11 in Peniel and 16 in Mamalad at altitudesof 450-900 masl are mixed dipterocarp forests.Sites 13 in Mialen and 16a in Mamalad at altitudesranging from 220 to 500 masl are lowlanddipterocarp forests. Site 15 in Toliyok at 220-450 masl is a mixed lowland dipterocarp forest.Sites 11a in Peniel and 19 in Bunga at altitudesof 120-900 masl are plantations or degradedforests.

Ten subsites (north and south exposures) wereestablished at the research sites of North Peak,Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan, Mt. Capole, site 13 inMialen, and site 15 in Toliyok.

The other sites located in barangays LakeDuminagat, Mansawan, Gandawan, Sebucal,Mialen, Toliyok, Bunga, Peniel, and Mamalad ataltitudes of ±1,000 masl were categorized asagroecosystems which were either planted tovegetables, cereals or are agroforests and grass-dominated fallowed areas.

Establishment of Sampling Plots

Sampling plots with a dimension of 20 x 20 malong the N-S transect were established at every250 m change in elevation and 500 m horizontaldistance between plots using GPS or altimeter.Based on elevation gradients, the south or north

Methodology

slope exposure had two sample plots along theN-S transect, representing center plots. Onesample plot on each side of the center plot atthe distance of 500 m was prepared. A total ofsix sample plots were, therefore, established.

Sampling Procedure

Visual Sampling. In every 20 x 20 m plot, one1 x 1 m quadrat was established at the upperright corner of the main plot. However, if thisquadrat was not an ideal site, another site withinthe plot was selected. The plants in this quadratwere examined for the presence of arthropods.Visual sampling started from the lower to theupper part of the plants. Sweep nets were usedfor collecting flying insects.

Arthropods were counted and recordedaccording to species. Samples of each specieswere taken as voucher specimens.

Sweep Net Sampling. For grasslands andagroecosystems, systematic sweeps wereperformed in two intersecting diagonal stripsextending from end to end of each 20 x 20 mplot. Catches were sorted, counted, andrecorded. Samples were taken as voucherspecimens.

Opportunistic Sampling. Within the 20 x 20 mforest plots, opportunistic sampling was done.Vertical 250 x 10 m transects between centerplots were also utilized for this sampling. Catcheswere sorted, counted, and recorded. Sampleswere taken as voucher specimens.

Threatened Faunal Species

Information of species occurrence and resourceuse were obtained through key informantinterviews and focus group discussions (FGD).These information were needed to validate thedata gathered from the field and to verify speciesthat might not have been encountered duringactual sampling. A list of threatened speciesbased on sampling results as well as endemic,economically and culturally important specieswas generated after the conduct of fieldassessment, semi-structured interviews, and

Table 1. Vegetation types of arthropod fauna study in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Legend:(1,2): 1- North Exposure, 2 - South Exposure

Vegetation Types Location Altitude Site/ (masl) Subsite

North Peak, Lake Duminagat,Don Victoriano

Mt. Ginlajan, Lake DuminagatDon Victoriano

Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan, LakeDuminagat, Don Victoriano

Mt. Pungol, Gandawan, Don Victoriano

Old Liboron, Oroquieta City

Mt. Capole, Sebucal, Oroquieta City

Peniel, Lopez Jaena

Mamalad, Calamba

Mialen, Oroquieta City

Mamalad, Calamba

Toliyok, Oroquieta City

Peniel, Lopez Jaena

Bunga, Oroquieta City

Lake Duminagat, Don Victoriano;Gandawan, Don Victoriano;Mansawan, Don Victoriano;Sebucal, Oroquieta City; Peniel,Lopez Jaena; Mialen, OroquietaCity

Sebucal, Oroquieta City; Peniel, LopezJaena; Mialen, Oroquieta City;Toliyok, Oroquieta City; Mamalad,Calamba

Mialen, Oroquieta City; Toliyok,Oroquieta City; Bunga, OroquietaCity

Lake Duminagat, Don Victoriano;Gandawan, Don Victoriano;Mansawan, Don Victoriano

Sebucal, Oroquieta City; Peniel, LopezJaena

1,800-2,185

1,700-1,900

1,450-1,700

1,400-1,600

1,200-1,400

900-1,100

450-900

220-500

220-450

120-900

> 1,000

< 1,000

< 1,000

> 1, 000

< 1,000

Mossy Forest

Montane Forest

Almaciga Forest

Submontane DipterocarpForest

Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

Lowland DipterocarpForest

Mixed LowlandDipterocarp Forest

Plantation and DegradedForest

AgroecosystemVegetable

Cereals

Agroforestry

Grass-dominatedfallowed areas

1/(1,2)

2

3/(1,2)

4

9

5/(1,2)

11

16

13/(1,2)

16a

15/(1,2)

11a

19

6; 7; 8;10; 12 and14

10a;12a;14a; 17 and18

14b; 17a and20

6a; 7a and8a

10b and 12b

6 Technical Report

FGD. The data generated was used informulating mitigating measures to minimize oreliminate unsustainable resource utilizationpractices.

Biodiversity Indices

Data analysis includes the computations ofdiversity indices to evaluate diversity ofarthropod taxa within sites and to assessdiversity of the landscape as a whole.

For each of the sampling site, which representedan ecosystem, the following arthropodbiodiversity parameters were considered:

Species Richness. Species richness refers tothe actual number of species as a directmeasurement.

Species Diversity. Species diversity refers tothe number (species richness) and relativeabundance of species in a biological community(Campbell et al. 2000). Shannon’s index ofdiversity (H’) measures the average degree of‘uncertainty’ in predicting to what species anindividual chosen at random from a collectionof S species and N individuals belong. Shannon’sindex of diversity was computed using theformula:

H’= -{(ni/n) ln (ni/n)}

Where:ni = the number of individuals belonging

to the ith of S of species in thesample

n = the total number of individuals inthe sample

Pearson’s Index of Similarity (S). ThePearson’s Index of Similarity (S) is a clusteringanalysis, measuring the degree to which thespecies composition is alike or different betweenand among sites.

Correspondence Analysis. Correspondenceanalysis is a type of ordination to determinecommunity similarity, which uses reciprocalaveraging to determine axis values. It is usedto describe data consisting counts.

Socioeconomic-cultural Activitiesand Biological Properties of theEcosystem

Workshops with the BRP socioeconomic groupwere conducted to integrate the findings andrelate the socioeconomic data, which werederived from objectives 1, 2, and 3 of thearthropod fauna survey. Consultations with thelocal community were likewise conducted tovalidate the data gathered from the field.

Formulation of Recommendations forIncreasing Awareness on BiologicalDiversity and Conservation

A package of recommendations that containedsuggested specific information, education andcommunication (IEC) materials (e.g., flyers andposters), as well as set of strategies or schemesfor the conservation and management of criticalresources were prepared. Theserecommendations were based on field samplingresults and information which were obtainedthrough structured interviews and FGDs.

Data gathered especially on threatened andendemic species shall be transported for GISmapping featuring the need for faunalconservation in selected sites.


8 Technical Report

Arthropod Composition

The various arthropod taxa of Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP) are shown in Table2 and Figure 1. Seven hundred forty-onespecies representing five arthropod classes arerecorded. The insects comprise the biggest bulkwith 14 orders, namely, Odonata,Ephemeroptera, Blattodea, Dermaptera,Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Mantodea,Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera, while theArachnida are represented by Acarina (mites),Araneida (spiders), Phalangida (daddy long legs),and Scorpionida (scorpions). Other classesinclude Crustacea (crabs), Chilopoda(centipedes), and Diplopoda (millipedes).

The most speciose taxa which account 78.37percent are the Coleoptera (beetles) with 258species, Hemiptera (bugs, hoppers, cicadas,etc.) with 157 species, Hymenoptera (bees,wasps, and ants) with 62 species, Diptera (trueflies) with 53 species, and Araneida (spiders)with 51 species.

The Coleoptera constitute 34.86 percent of thearthropod species in Mt. Malindang. TheHemiptera ranked second, 21.08 percent,followed by Hymenoptera (8.38%), Diptera(7.16%), and Araneida (6.89%).

The remarkable proportion of Coleoptera in Mt.Malindang is undisputable just like in anyPhilippine arthropod inventory (Baltazar 2001;Gapud et al. 2001; Ceniza 1995) and on anyworldwide inventory study (Daly et al. 1998;Gullan and Cranston 2000; Brusca and Brusca2003). Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, andHemiptera may interchange ranks from secondto fifth in various arthropod assessment studies.However, in this study in Mt. Malindang,Lepidoptera ranked seventh since most mothswere not included and it was represented bybutterflies and skippers only.

The orders Orthoptera (grasshoppers, katydids,crickets), Lepidoptera (butterflies and skippers),Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies),Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects), Mantodea(preying mantis), and Blattodea (cockroaches)

Results and Discussion

have corresponding ranks of sixth to eleventhrepresenting proportions ranging from 5.14percent for Orthoptera to 1.62 percent forBlattodea. A small proportion of the pie chart(0.68%) is represented by two species each ofDermaptera (earwigs) and Neuroptera(lacewings), and one species of Ephemeroptera(mayflies) and Isoptera (termites).

The other arthropods which comprise only 0.84percent of the pie chart include one specieseach of Phalangida (phalangids), Acarina (mites),Scorpionida (scorpions), Crustacea (crabs),Chilopoda (centipedes), and Diplopoda(millipedes).

Endemic Arthropods

The current identification of Malindang arthropodspecies is ongoing and may take a considerableperiod to complete, considering that the studyof the Malindang components is the firstinitiative. While current estimates of endemicspecies show a total of 17 Philippine endemics,23 Mindanao endemics, and 67 MMRNPendemics, of which 41 species are beetles(Table 3), many more species of arthropodsremain to be discovered and described. Out ofthe 67 endemic arthropod species, at least 21species are associated with endemic host plants(Table 4).

Out of the 28 species of Odonata (damselfliesand dragonflies), six are Philippine endemics andseven are Mindanao endemics. The Philippineendemics include the dragonflies, Heteronaiasheterodoxa (Selys) (Corduliidae) (Figure 2);Heliogomphus bakeri Laidlaw (Gomphidae),and Diplacina braueri (Selys) (Libellulidae), aswell as, the damselfies, Vestalis melania Selys(Calopterygidae), Rhinocypha turconii Selys(Chlorocyphidae), and Prodasineura integra(Selys) (Protoneuridae).

The Mindanao endemic Odonatans are alldamselfl ies which include Devadattapodolestoides basilanensis Laidlaw(Amphipterygidae) (Figure 3), Cyrano angustiorHämäläinen (Chlorocyphidae), Rhinocypha dorsosanguinea Lieftinck (Chlorocyphidae), andthree species of Platycnemididae represented


Table 2. Arthropod composition of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Order Families Genera Number of Species Percentage (%)

Class Insecta

1. Odonata 11 21 28 3.78

2. Ephemeroptera 1 1 1 0.14

3. Blattodea 3 4 12 1.62

4. Dermaptera 2 2 2 0.27

5. Isoptera 1 1 1 0.14

6. Orthoptera 7 33 38 5.14

7. Phasmatodea 5 17 24 3.24

8. Mantodea 1 3 13 1.76

9. Hemiptera 30 64 156 21.08

10. Neuroptera 2 2 2 0.27

11. Coleoptera 22 86 258 34.86

12. Diptera 11 12 53 7.16

13. Lepidoptera 5 25 34 4.59

14. Hymenoptera 23 47 62 8.38

Class Arachnida

15. Acarina 1 1 1 0.14

16. Araneida 5 16 51 6.89

17. Phalangida 1 1 1 0.14

18. Scorpionida 1 1 1 0.14

Class Crustacea

19. Crabs 1 1 1 0.14

Class Chilopoda

20. Centipede 1 1 1 0.14

Class Diplopoda

21. Millipede 1 1 1 0.14

TOTAL 135 340 741 100

Number of Endemic Species Taxa Number of Species Philippine endemics Mindanao endemics MMRNP endemics

1. Odonata 28 6 7 0 2. Ephemeroptera 1 - - - 3. Blattodea 12 - - - 4. Dermaptera 2 - - - 5. Isoptera 1 - - - 6. Orthoptera 38 4 6 0 7. Phasmatodea 24 - - 24 8. Mantodea 13 - - - 9. Hemiptera 156 3 1 0 10. Neuroptera 2 - - - 11. Coleoptera 258 0 3 41 12. Diptera 53 - - - 13. Lepidoptera 34 4 6 2 14. Hymenoptera 62 - - - 15. Spiders 51 - - - 16. Other 6 - - -

TOTAL 741 17 23 67

Table 3. Endemic arthropod species of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

1 includes phalangids, mites, scorpion, centipedes, millipedes and crabs

10 Technical Report

Associated Host Plants MMRNP Endemic Arthropod Local name Scientific name

COLEOPTERA Curculionidae

Gymnetrinae Alcidodes sp. 1

Salumay

Macaranga dipterocarpifolia*

Entiminae: Pachrrhynchini Metapocyrtus sp. 1

Bintuko

Melicope monophylla**

Metapocyrtus sp. 3 Hantutungaw Astrocalyx calycina**

Metapocyrtus sp. 6 Karupay Babakag

Pinanga insignis** Ascarina philippinensis**

Metapocyrtus sp. 7 Danlugan Shorea contorta*

Metepocyrtus sp. 12

Babasa Babakag

Polyosma philippinensis** Ascarina philippinensis**

Pachyrrhynchus sp. 1

Lalago pino Karupay Silangka

Cyrtandra umbellifera** Pinanga insignis** Impatiens montalbanica**

Pachyrrhynchus sp. 3 Lalalago dako Cyrtandra cumingii**

Pachyrrhynchus sp. 5 Gantaw Cyathea apoensis**

Cryptorrynchinae Odosyllis sp. 1

Tatanak

Gardenia longiflora**

Tragopus sp.

Gantaw Balangong lagwis

Cyathea apoensis** Saurauria latiflora**

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 1 Hantutungaw Astrocalyx calycina**

Otiorrhychinae sp. 2 Tagima Schefflera alverezii**

PHASMATODEA Aschiphasmatidae

Aschiphasmatinae Aschiphasmatini

Orthomeria sp. 1

Gantaw

Cyathea apoensis**

Diapheromeridae sp. 1

Kalingag Lalago pino Danlugan

Cinnamomum mercadoi* Cyrtandra umbellifera** Shorea contorta*

Lonchodes sp. 1 Babakag Ascarina philippinensis**

Lonchodes sp. 3 Buyo-buyo Piper catubiguensis**

Necrosciinae

Karupay Baraas Babakag

Pinanga insignis** Freycinetia multiflora Merr.** Ascarina philippinensis**

Necrosciinae sp. 1 Gantaw Cyathea apoensis**

Heteropterygidae Obriminae

Obrimini sp. 1

Gantaw

Cyathea apoensis**

Euobrimus sp. Babakag Lalago dako

Ascarina philippinensis** Cyrtandra cumingii**

Table 4. Mt. Malindang endemic arthropods and their associated endemic host plants.

* - identified both endemic and threatened host plants by the BRP flora study** - identified endemic host plants by the BRP flora study


Figure 1. Proportional representation of the arthropod groups of Mt. Malindang Range NaturalPark (MMRNP) with a total of 741 species.

Figure 2. Philippine endemic dragonfly,Heteronaias heterodoxa (Selys),Corduliidae.

Figure 3. Mindanao endemic Devadattapodolestoides basilanensis Laidlaw(Amphipterygidae).

12 Technical Report

Figure 4. Greater Mindanao endemicRisiocnemis flammea (Selys)(Platycnemididae).

by Coeliccia dinoceras Laidlaw, Risiocnemis(R.) appendiculata (Brauer), and Risiocnemis(Igneocnemis) flammea (Selys) (Figure 4).

Damselflies in Mindanao are 28 percent endemicswhile 40 percent are Philippine endemics. Thelow endemism of damselflies in contrast to thefindings of Gapud 2005 might be attributed tosampling site stations where sites wereestablished at least 50 m away from watertributaries/bodies. Majority of endemicdamselflies are residents of forested streamsand brooks especially the endemic genusRisiocnemis (Gapud 2005).

The Orthopteran endemic species include fourPhilippine and six Mindanao endemic species.The Philippine endemic species include Melicodestenebrosa (Walker) (Acrididae), Diotarusverrucifer Stal (Tetrigidae) (Figure 5) and thetwo species of Tettigoniidae, Segestes sp. nr.vittaticeps Stal (Mecopodinae), andTympanoptera sp. nr. philippina (Hebard)(Pseudophyllinae) (Figure 6).

Out of the six Mindanao endemic Orthopterans,four are Tettigoniidae and one species each forTetrigidae, Misythus sp. nr. jubatus Hebard(Figure 7), and Trigonopterygidae, Systellaphilippinensis (Walker) (Figure 8). TheTettigoniidae include Anthracites sp. nr. major Hebard (Conocephalinae) (Figure 9), Xiphidiopsis

drepanophra Hebard and X. gemmicula Hebard(Meconematinae), and Morsimus sp. nr.serratus Beier (Pseudophyllinae) (Figure 10).

The 24 Mindanao or MMRNP endemic species ofPhasmatodea are enumerated in Appendix Table19. Orthomeria sp. 1 represents Aschiphasmatidae;Euobrimus sp. for Heteroptergygidae; Phyllium sp.for Phyllidae (Figure 11); the three speciesPhobaeticus sp., Pharnacia(?) sp. and Baculumsp. represent Phasmatidae; and the six species,Lonchodini sp. 1, Lonchodes sp., Necrosciinae sp.,Asceles sp., Marmessoidea sp., and Necroscia sp.represent Diapheromeridae. Phasmatodea inMindanao/MMRNP are all endemics. All speciesremain undescribed.

Out of 156 Hemiptera species of MMRNP, onlythree reduviid species are Philippine endemicswhich include Ischnobaena macerrima Stal,Euagoras plagiatus and Veleda brevispines Stal(Appendix Table 20). One treehopper, Emphusisbakeri Funkhouser (Membracidae) (Figure 12)is Mindanao endemic. No species is recorded asMMRNP endemic.

From a total of 258 Coleoptera species of MMRNP,three are Mindano endemics and 41 are MMRNPendemics (Appendix Table 21). The Mindanaoendemic species include Xenocerus striatusJordan, Anthribidae; Nupserha sp.,Cerambycidae; and Mimoplacia diversenotatavon Breuning, Cerambycidae. The 41 MMRNPendemic species are all Curculionidae (weevils)distributed as follows: two species of Alcidodes(Figure 13 A), two Rhynchophorinae, 14Metapocyrtus (Figure 13 B-E), six species ofPachyrrhynchus (Figure 13 F-I), andOtiorrhynchinae, two Odosyllis, and one specieseach of Tragopus, Calidiopsis, Paepalosomus,Nauphaeus, and Eugnathus. The other fourweevil species are undetermined.

The 41 species of Curculionidae in MMRNP areall considered endemics. This confirms theassessment of Gapud (2005) where thepachyrrynchine weevils are specifically over 95percent endemics. Although the Malindangpachyrrhynchines remain undescribed, all arelikely to be endemic to Mindanao.

The 12 endemic butterflies (Lepidoptera) arecategorized into four Philippine endemics, sixMindanao endemics, and two MMRNP endemics


Figure 5. Philippine endemic tetrigid, Diotarusverrucifer Stal.

Figure 6. Philippine endemic tettigoniid,Tympanoptera sp. nr. philippinaHebard.

Figure 7. Mindanao endemic tetrigid,Misythus sp. nr. jubatus Hebard.

Figure 8. Greater Mindanao endemictrigonopterygid, Systellaphilippinensis (Walker).

Figure 9. Mindanao endemic tettigoniid,Anthracites sp. nr. major Hebard.

Figure 10. Mindanao endemic tettigoniid,Morsimus sp. nr. serratus Beier.

14 Technical Report

Figure 12. Mindanao endemic treehopper,Emphusis bakeri Funkhouser.

A B C

D E F

G H I

Figure 13. MMRNP endemic curculionids: A. Alcidodes sp., B. Metapocyrtus sp. 1,C. Metapocyrtus sp. 3, D. Metapocyrtus sp. 7, E. Metapocyrtus sp. 11,F. Pachyrrhynchus sp. 2, G. Pachyrrhynchus sp. 4, H. Pachyrrhynchus sp. 5,I. Pachyrrhynchus sp. 6.

Figure 11. Mindanao/MMRNPendemic phyliid(leaf insect),Phyllium sp.


(Appendix Table 22). The Philippine endemicsinclude Athyma maenus semperi (Nymphalidae)and three Papilionidae species, Menelaideshystaspes (Figure 14 A), M. rumanzoviarumanzovia (Figure 14 B), and Troides magellanus.The Mindanao endemic subspecies includeChoaspes plateni adhara (Hesperiidae) (Figure 15),Mycalesis ita imeldae (Nymphalidae), and foursubspecies of Pieridae, Delias baracasa baracasa,D. henningia ochreopicta (Figure 16), Euremahiurai hiurai, and E. sarilata sarilata. The two MMRNPendemic subspecies are Parantica dannattimalindangensis (Nymphalidae) (Figure 17), andDelias diaphana basilisae (Pieridae) (Figure 18).

Arthropod Species Richness andDiversity

Arthropods in Mt. Malindang have varied richnessand diversity values as presented pervegetation (Table 5 and Figure 19). Thearthropods in the forest vegetation types aregenerally more diverse than the agroecosystemcommunities. Higher arthropod diversity indicesin forest vegetation types may be attributed tothe plant architecture in these types whichprovide more ecological niches suitable for theestablishment of arthropods than the relativelysimple set up within agroecosystem communities.

The arthropods are most diverse (355 species,H’=2.397) in the mixed dipterocarp forest. Thisis followed by the arthropods in the mossy forest(169 species, H’=2.015) and plantation ordegraded forest (136 species, H’=2.002). Thelowest arthropod species inventory of 30 specieswith corresponding lowest diversity value of1.252 is observed in the agro-cereal community.The mixed dipterocarp forest is a patch of theremaining natural forest. Its complex structuremay have largely contributed to the higharthropod species richness and diversity. Thelow diversity of arthropods in the agro-cerealcommunity might have been influenced by thesimplicity of vegetation structure inmonocultured cereals.

When treated per site (Table 6 and Figure 20),the arthropods in Peniel mixed dipterocarp foresthas the richest (316 species) and the mostdiverse (H’=2.348) arthropods while the agro-cereal community in Sebucal has the leastdiverse (H’=0.949) arthropods.

Arthropod Species Similarity

Comparison of similarities of arthropod faunaamong vegetation types is presented in Figure21. Arthropod fauna are grouped into three mainclusters with three outgroups.

The largest cluster is composed ofagroecosystem communities. The vegetable-grass-dominated communities of Gandawan,Mansawan, and Lake Duminagat have theclosest similarity of arthropods. Gandawan andMansawan have a similarity coefficient of 0.59,while Lake Duminagat has a coefficient of 0.35.The proximity of these sites may havecontributed to the similarity of the species. Thearthropods of the agroforest of Mamaladcompared to the agroforest-cereal of Mialenhave low similarity but their connection to theMansawan-Gandawan-Lake Duminagat sub-cluster might be due to the presence of commonhosts or alternate hosts in these areas.

The second cluster of arthropod species showsthe similarity of the species among the mossy,montane and almaciga forests and agro-cereal-grass-dominated communities. The similaritycoefficient of 0.5 between the mossy andmontane forests as regards species compositionindicates proximity of these sites, while thesimilarity between the agro-cereal-grass-dominated community and the almaciga forestof both Sebucal sites might be due to thepresence of almaciga patches near the agro-cereal-grass-dominated communities. Theconnectivity of these four sites might be dueto the more or less equal densities of phalangidsrecorded in these sites.

The similarities among the mixed lowlanddipterocarp of Toliyok and Mamalad, plantationforest of Bunga and Peniel and the agroforest–cereal communities of Toliyok are depicted inthe third cluster. These similarities manifestedproximity of these areas.

The lowland dipterocarp forest (Mialen),submontane dipterocarp forest (Mt. Capole),and agrocereal-grass-dominated community areconsidered outgroups as they appear to showlittle species similarities among each other orwith any of the three clusters.

16 Technical Report

Figure 14. Philippine endemic papilionids: A. Menelaides hystaspes (C & R Felder),B. Menelaides rumanzovia rumanzovia (Eschscholtz).

A B

Figure 15. Mindanao endemic hesperiid,Choaspes plateni adhara Mabille.

Figure 16. Mindanao endemic pierid, Deliashenningia ochreopicta Butler.

Figure 17. MMRNP endemic nymphalid,Parantica dannatii malindangensisTreadaway.

Figure 18. MMRNP endemic pierid, Deliasdiaphana basilisae Schroeder &Treadaway.


Table 5. Species richness and species diversity at different vegetation types of arthropod faunain Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Vegetation Types Location Total

Individuals Species

Richness Species

Diversity

1. Mossy Forest North Peak Mt. Ginlajan 529 169 2.015

2. Montane Forest Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan Mt. Pungol 478 122 1.857

3. Almaciga Forest Old Liboron 132 54 1.529

4. Submontane Dipterocarp Forest Mt. Capole 312 108 1.569

5. Mixed Dipterocarp Forest Peniel Mamalad 842 355 2.397

6. Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Mialen Mamalad

486 138 1.726

7. Mixed Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Toliyok 195 115 1.91

8. Plantation and Degraded Forest Peniel Bunga 279 136 2.002

9. Agroecosystem a. Vegetable

b. Cereals

c. Agroforest

d. Grass-dominated Fallowed Areas

Lake Duminagat Gandawan Mansawan Sebucal Mialen Peniel Sebucal Mialen Toliyok Peniel Mamalad Mialen Toliyok Bunga Lake Duminagat Gandawan Mansawan Sebucal Peniel

791

124

71

447

97

30

40

81

1.483

1.252

1.497

1.626

18 Technical Report

Table 6. Species richness and diversity at various research sites of arthropod fauna inMt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Vegetation Types Location Total Individuals

Species Richness

Species Diversity

North Peak 274 106 1.819 1. Mossy Forest

Mt. Ginlajan 255 113 1.887

Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan 361 101 1.773 2. Montane Forest

Mt. Pungol 117 53 1.611

3. Almaciga Forest Old Liboron 132 54 1.529

4. Submontane Dipterocarp Forest Mt. Capole 312 108 1.569

Peniel 731 316 2.348 5. Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

Mamalad 111 79 1.826

Mialen 318 117 1.609 6. Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

Mamalad 168 40 1.302

7. Mixed Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Toliyok 195 115 1.906

Peniel 97 60 1.7 8. Plantation and Degraded Forest

Bunga 182 85 1.781

Lake Duminagat 751 131 1.791

Gandawan 1500 168 1.814

Mansawan 1912 158 1.591

Sebucal 47 17 1.162

Mialen 50 21 1.206

9. Agroecosystem a. Vegetable

Peniel 484 84 1.337

Sebucal 72 23 0.949

Mialen 41 23 1.293

Toliyok 25 17 1.187

Peniel 44 29 1.395

b. Cereals

Mamalad 440 58 1.436

Mialen 62 33 1.417

Toliyok 107 53 1.6

c. Agroforestry

Bunga 45 33 1.474

Lake Duminagat 1136 129 1.631

Gandawan 406 103 1.787

Mansawan 510 104 1.79

Sebucal 142 42 1.513

d. Grass–dominated Fallowed Areas

Peniel 41 29 1.411


A more or less similar grouping of vegetationtypes is observed when correspondence analysisis used to determine similarity of speciescomposition (Figure 22). The agroecosystemcommunitities except the agroforest form onegroup. The mossy, montane, almaciga, andsubmontane dipterocarp forests form anothergroup, while the third group is composed ofother forests and the agroforest communities.

Trophic Guild Composition

Table 7 presents the number of species pertrophic guild of each vegetation type.Knowledge on the biology of Mt. Malindangarthropod species is limited so the assignmentof guilds was based largely on the known biologyof a few species.

Approximately half of the species of arthropodsare phytophagous (Figures 23-26), 26 percent

Figure 19. Species diversity of arthropod fauna per vegetation of Mt. Malindang Range NaturalPark (MMRNP).

are predaceous (Figures 27-28), 7 percent arepollinators (Figure 29), 6 percent are parasitoids,5 percent are scavengers (Figure 30), 3 percentare xyloborous (Figure 31), and 3 percent areants. Daly et al. (1998) referred to this view ofphytophagous proportion as related to the otherguilds. The relationships of the phytophagousspecies with their associated host plants arepartially dealt with and less efforts were spenton determining the functional relationshipsbetween specific predators and preys,parasitoids and hosts, pollinators and flowers,and other relationships. The ants have a diverserange and combination of feeding habits (Dalyet al. 1998; Stork 1991 as cited by Ceniza 1995)so they are lumped as one guild.

The mixed dipterocarp forest has the mostnumber of phytophagous (136), predaceous(216), xyloborous (7), and ant (15) species.The mossy forest has the most number of

20 Technical Report

Figure 20. Species diversity of arthropod fauna per site in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park(MMRNP).

Legend:Sites: Forest ecosystem Agroecosystem Mossy Forest Vegetable

1 - North Peak 6 - Lake Duminagat2 - Mt. Ginlajan 7 - Gandawan

Montane Forest 8 - Mansawan3 - Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan 10 - Sebucal4 - Mt. Pungol 14 - Mialen

Almaciga Forest 12 - Peniel9 - Old Liboron Cereals

Submontane Dipterocarp Forest 10a - Sebucal5 - Mt. Capole 14a - Mialen

Mixed Dipterocarp Forest 17 - Toliyok11 - Peniel 12a - Peniel16 - Mamalad 18 - Mamalad

Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Agroforestry13 - Mialen 14b - Mialen16a - Mamalad 17a - Toliyok

Mixed Lowland Dipterocarp Forest 20 - Bunga15 - Toliyok Grass-dominated fallowed areas

Plantation and Degraded Forest 6a - Lake Duminagat11a - Peniel 7a - Gandawan19 - Bunga 8a - Mansawan

10b - Sebucal12b - Peniel


Figure 21. Community similarity matrix of arthropod fauna per vegetation using Pearson’sIndex of Similarity.

A

AA

AAAAA

A

0 2 0 0 2 0 0 6 0 8 1

Submontane dipterocarp forestAgroCer Grass-dominated Peniel (12)Lowland dipterocarp Mialen (13)AgroFro Mamalad (18)AgroCer Agrofor Mialen (14)

AgroVeg Grass-dominated GandawanAgroVeg Grass-dominated MansawanMontane Ulohan sa Dapitan (3) Sitio PungolMossy North Peak (1) Mt. Ginlajan (2)Agro-Cer Grass-dominated Sebucal (10)Almaciga SebucalMixed dipterocarp Peniel (11a)Mixed lowland dipterocarp Toliyok (15) MamaladPlantation Bunga (19) Peniel (11)AgroCer Agrofor Toliyok (17)

AgroVeg Grass-dominated Lake Duminagat

-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

pollinator species (21), agro-vegetablecommunity has 25 parasitoid species while theagro-grass-dominated fallowed community hasthe most number of scavengers/fungivorous (40)species.

Arthropod Fauna Resource Utilization

Arthropod fauna are largely represented inalmost all types of ecosystems. However, dueto their inconspicuousness - most of them arenot easily recognized - they were treated withless importance. Research on the utilization ofarthropod fauna in Mt. Malindang has shownthat these small creatures of varied forms areequally important as the other organisms in theecosystem.

The honeybee, Apis cerana is well known forits honey. The male household members in LakeDuminagat, Mansawan, Sebucal, and Peniel aretasked to collect honey for family consumption,especially as medicine for children. If the harvestis about 5-6 bottles of honey per beehive, some

are sold at 100-150 pesos per bottle of350 ml.

Some beehives containing the larvae are alsocollected and eaten. In some cases, the larvaeare also used to feed chickens, especially theroosters for agility and endurance (aspampaisog) during cockfighting.

Termites, kalong (crabs), and coconut beetlesare utilized as food and source of protein inBurgos, Lopez Jaena. Usually, the larvae andadults of coconut beetles are toasted for viandduring mealtime.

The naiads of the Odonata, termites and antsare economically important, too. The naiadscalled kadang-kadang as well as termites areused as baits in fishing. The ants althoughrecognized as playing variable roles in theecosystem are utilized by vegetable farmers incabbage-growing sites as control agents againstworms (bitay-bitay). To attract the ants, theyspread coconut sapal on cabbage plants.

22 Technical Report

Legend:Sites: Forest ecosystem AgroecosystemMossy Forest Vegetable

1 - North Peak 6 - Lake Duminagat2 - Mt. Ginlajan 7 - Gandawan

Montane Forest 8 - Mansawan3 - Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan 10 - Sebucal4 - Mt. Pungol 14 - Mialen

Almaciga Forest 12 - Peniel9 - Old Liboron Cereals

Submontane Dipterocarp Forest 10a - Sebucal5 - Mt. Capole 14a - Mialen

Mixed Dipterocarp Forest 17 - Toliyok11 - Peniel 12a - Peniel16 - Mamalad 18 - Mamalad

Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Agroforestry13 - Mialen 14b - Mialen16a - Mamalad 17a - Toliyok

Mixed Lowland Dipterocarp Forest 20 - Bunga15 - Toliyok Grass-dominated Fallowed Areas

Plantation and Degraded Forest 6a - Lake Duminagat11a - Peniel 7a - Gandawan19 - Bunga 8a - Mansawan

10b - Sebucal12b - Peniel

Figure 22. Correspondence analysis of arthropod fauna per site.


Table 7. Trophic guilds of selected arthropods in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Trophic Guild/Selected Taxa

Number of Species

MossyForest

77

112

21

4

10

5

0

229

MontaneForest

58

79

18

4

4

3

1

167

AlmacigaForest

28

36

5

2

0

1

1

73

SubmontaneDipterocarp

Forest

50

71

16

3

4

4

0

148

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

137

215

11

17

6

7

15

408

LowlandDiptero-

carpForest

30

68

4

4

2

2

12

122

MixedLowlandDiptero-

carpForest

29

62

1

2

4

1

10

109

Plantationand

DegradedForest

45

85

8

1

3

3

13

158

Vegetable

102

174

12

25

6

4

9

332

Cereals

35

69

5

15

1

1

5

131

Phytophagous

Predaceous

Pollinators

Parasitoids

Scavengers/Fungivorous

Xyloborous

Ants

TOTAL

Agroforestry

22

53

4

3

0

1

12

95

Grass-dominatedFallowedAreas

71

189

16

17

40

3

5

341

24 Technical Report

Indigenous Knowledge on ArthropodFauna

Indigenous knowledge on arthropod fauna is veryscanty that even their common names areunknown to many.

To some, knowledge of the arthropod fauna islimited only to the metamorphosis of butterfliesor dragonflies, or honeybees as source of theprecious honey. In some areas, fighting cockgrowers utilize the protein-rich bee larvae asfeed additive.

It has been a belief among native folks that ared butterfly hovering around the house signalswar or trouble, while a white butterfly symbolizesa coming wedding. A brown butterfly meansmoney, and a black one hints death.

In areas where kalongs (crabs) are found, thelocals believe that when these kalongs comeout of their habitat and seen on elevated areas,it foretells a coming rain. The vespid wasp,Ropalidia sp. was observed preying on the larvaeof diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.

Blooming of a certain flower is believed toindicate honey production. If this flower fails tobloom, the people in the locality perform a ritualthat is said to enhance the blooming of theflower.

Conservation Strategies

Researchers were faced with the challenge ofidentifying and determining the number ofthreatened arthropod species of Mt. Malindang.The work on the classification of threatenedspecies with high economic value likehoneybees, crabs, and other endemic species,especially those who feed on endemic hostplants was done.

A serious challenge for arthropod researchersis to determine what and how many arthropodspecies of Mt. Malindang are consideredthreatened. The population of the honeybeesis threatened with indiscriminate harvesting ofbeehives to obtain honey and larvae of bees.The same threat is faced by the native crabswhich are also harvested haphazardly for food.Endemic arthropods, especially the curculionids(beetles) and walking sticks are threatenedwhen associated host plants are not conserved.

While the collection of the basic information onthreatened arthropod species remains important,initiatives to protect the identified threatenedspecies must be given high priority. There mustbe a balance between conservation of plantsand vertebrates, which attract public sympathy,and the protection of MMRNP where threatenedspecies of arthropod are still abundant. Everystakeholder may play an important role in theconservation of arthropod habitats. In view ofthis, arthropod researchers have strong supportfor any conservation measures for plants andvertebrates. Meanwhile, with the knowledge thatmanagement initiatives are targeted to helppreserve certain plant and vertebrate speciesin the park, the local people and developmentmanagers should be informed of the threatenedarthropod species within. A continuousmonitoring for the population of the threatenedarthropod species must be implemented.


Some Phytophagous Species

Orthoptera: grasshoppers

A B

C D

E F

G

Figure 23. Phytophagous species of Orthoptera. Acrididae: A. Stenocatantops splendens, B.Melicodes tenebrosa, C. Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus, D. Gesonula mundata zonocera,E. Oxya hyla intricata, F. Cranaella sp.; Pyrgomorphidae: G. Attractomorpha psittacina.

26 Technical Report


Hemiptera: true bugs

Figure 24. Phytophagous species of Hemiptera. Acanthosomatidae: A. Sastragala sp.;Coreidae: B. Homoeocerus immaculatus, C. Prionolomia expansa; Cydnidae:D. Macroscytus subaeneus; Pentatomidae: E. Alcimocoris lineolatus, F. Carbulatrabifera, G. Dalsira marginata, H. Hoplistodera convexa, I. Vitellus sp.;Plataspidae: J. Brachyplatys deplanatus; Tessaratomidae: K. Pygoplatys sp.

A B C D

E F G H

I J K



Coleoptera: beetles

Figure 25. Phytophagous species of Coleoptera. Brenthidae: A. undet sp.; Chrysomelidae:Cassidinae: B. Aspidomorpha miliaris; Hispinae: C. Agonita sp., D. Wallaceana sp.,E. Promecotheca sp., F. Callispa sp.; Coccinellidae: G. Henosepilachna boisduvali,H. Henosepilachna sp.; Elateridae: I. undet sp., J. Paracalais sp.; Lagriidae: K. undetsp., L. undet. sp.; Scrabaeidae: M. Leucopholis sp., N. Anomala sp.

A B C D E

F G H I J

K L M N

28 Technical Report


Lepidoptera: butterflies

A B

C D

E F

Figure 26. Phytophagous species of Lepidoptera. Hesperiidae: A. Taractocera luzonensisluzonensis; Nymphalidae: B. Athyma maenas semperi, C. Lexias panopus miscus,D. Polyura athamas acuta; Papilionidae: E. Troides rhadamantus; Pieridae: F.Eurema hecabe.


Some Predaceous Species

Mantodea: preying mantis

Figure 27. Predatory species. Mantodea: Mantidae: A. Deroplatyinae, undet sp.; Mantinae:B. undet sp., C. undet sp., D. undet sp.; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: E. Cheilomenessexmaculatus, F. Coccinella transversalis, G. Coccinella sp. 3, H. Harmonia sp.;Cicindelidae: I. Therates fasciatus, J. Tricondyla cyanipes elongata; Lampyridae:K. undet sp.; Lycidae: L. undet sp.; M. undet sp.

A B C D

Coleoptera: beetles

E F G H

I J K L M

30 Technical Report

Some Predaceous Species

Hymenoptera: wasps Araneida: spiders

Figure 28. Predatory species of Hymenoptera. Vespidae: a. Ropalidia sp; Araneida: B. Nephila sp.

Some Pollinator Species

Hymenoptera: bees

A B C

D E F

Lepidoptera: butterflies

Figure 29. Pollinator species. Hymenoptera: Apidae: A. Apis cerana, B. Apis dorsata; Anthophoridae:C. Xylocopa sp.; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: D. Danaus melanippus edmondii, E. Ideopsisgaura glaphyra; Pieridae: F. Eurema alitha alitha.

B A


Some Scavengers/Fungivorous Species

Coleoptera: beetles

A B C D E

Figure 30. Scavengers/Fungivorous species of Coleoptera. Lucanidae: A. Dorcus sp.,B. Prosopocoilus romeoi; Passalidae: C. undet sp.; Scarabaeidae: D. Taeniodera sp.,E. Cetoniinae sp. 1.

Some Xyloborous Species

Coleoptera: beetles (long-horned beetles)

Figure 31. Xyloborous species of Coleoptera. Cerambycidae: A. Asthates sp., B. Cereopsius sp.,C. Pelargoderus near alcanor, D. Glenea beatrix, E. Mimoplacia diversenotata.

A B C D E

32 Technical Report

The arthropod fauna study was conducted in10 barangays in the municipalities of DonVictoriano, Lopez Jaena and Calamba, and theCity of Oroquieta. The sites were categorizedinto vegetation types like mossy, montane,almaciga, submontane dipterocarp, mixeddipterocarp, lowland dipterocarp, mixed lowlanddipterocarp and plantation or degraded forests,and the agroecosystem which includes the agro-forest, vegetable, cereals, and grass-dominatedfallowed communities.

The study was conducted to attain the followingobjectives: (1) to identify the arthropod faunalspecies in the forest and agroecosystems inMt. Malindang, (2) to determine the arthropodfaunal species richness and endemism, (3) toidentify the biodiversity parameters for designingappropriate conservation and managementschemes of critical resources, (4) to assessthe impact of socioeconomic-cultural activitieson the arthropod biodiversity resource use, (5)to harmonize indigenous knowledge system (IKS)in designing monitoring system for arthropoddiversity resource use and conservationpractices, (6) to organize a network ofstakeholders in various communities for theimplementation of scientifically harmonized IKSmonitoring and conservation practices, (7) topromote awareness on arthropod resourcediversity and conservation, and (8) to developadditional integrated development andbiodiversity conservation strategies in localbiodiversity conservation for local communities.

Arthropods have variable responses to weatherand often highly seasonal, making it difficult todetermine if the variation of the populationobtained from the different sites was due tosampling variation or part of the normalfluctuation. Nonetheless, in collaboration withthe other studies under the BRP TerrestrialEcosystem Master Project (TEMP), especiallythe flora group, methodologies were revised/improved from time to time to obtain a more orless accurate and unbiased picture of thearthropod composition and population in thesites. The location of the 1 x 1 m quadrat forexample, was no longer established strictly atthe upper right corner of the 20 x 20 m plot but

Summary

at any ideal site within the plot. An ideal quadratis the site which somewhat represents thefeatures of the entire plot.

Among the other employed local controls wasthe visual counting of the arthropods withinthe quadrat ahead of the vegetation samplingof the flora group to minimize escape of activespecies. The systematic sweep net samplingwas somehow standardized since it was carriedout by the same personnel. The collaborativeefforts of the members of the flora group in thefamiliarization of arthropods had increased inputto the data, especially in the opportunistic andtransect walk sampling.

A total of 741 arthropod species in 340 genera,135 families, 21 orders, and 5 classes wereinventoried. The 5 classes include Insecta,Arachnida, Crustacea, Diplopoda, and Chilopoda.The Class Insecta made up the biggest bulk ofarthropods with Orders Coleoptera (beetles andweevils), Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, andAraneida comprising 78.37 percent of thespecies.

Arthropod species diversity was higher in theforest ecosystem than in the agroecosystem.When treated per vegetation and per site,diversity was highest in the mixed dipterocarpforest, specifically at Peniel, Lopez Jaena with82 restricted species (60% beetles) out of 316species.

In terms of species composition, three majorclusters of similarity among vegetation typesare discernible: a) five agroecosystem sites inGandawan, Mansawan, Lake Duminagat,Mamalad, and Mialen with arthropods mostsimilar between Gandawan and Mansawan; b)montane-mossy forest and agrocereal grass-dominated type and almaciga forest in Sebucal;and c) mixed lowland dipterocarp-plantationforests, agrocereal agroforest, and mixeddipterocarp forest. Three vegetation typesappeared to show little species similarities amongeach other or with any of the three clusters,namely, the lowland dipterocarp forest (Mialen),submontane dipterocarp forest (Mt. Capole),and agrocereal grass-dominated system (Peniel).


The following conclusions are drawn from theresults of the study:

• With the voluminous arthropod species inMt. Malindang, some species are stillundescribed and unidentified.

• An estimate of 741 arthropod species in thiscurrent inventory ignores the canopy andlitter arthropod species, therefore, morespecies are yet to be accounted. Theassociation of endemic arthropod specieswith endemic host plants show coexistenceof these organisms.

Conclusions

• The generally higher arthropod speciesdiversity in forest ecosystems (specificallythe mixed dipterocarp forest) than in theagroecosystem is a manifestation of higherhabitat and food resource diversity in theforest. There is no established patternbetween diversity and altitude. Theproximity of vegetation types provides higherpercentage similarity of arthropod species.

• Knowledge on arthropod resource use isminimal and is limited to species with directeconomic importance like honeybees andcrabs. Arthropods, especially insects, aregenerally viewed as destructive organisms.

Proportional representation of the trophic guildsof the selected taxa indicated biggest proportionof the phytophagous, followed by thepredaceous, pollinators, ants, parasitoids,scavengers, and xyloborous species.

The honeybee, Apis cerana is a well-knownsource of honey. Other arthropods providingdirect benefits include larvae and adults ofcoconut beetle as food, termites and naiads ofOdonata as fish baits, and ants as “biocontrolagents” (as an attractant) against cabbageworms.

Bits of indigenous knowledge on arthropods weregathered. A few examples include uses of honey,butterfly color symbols, “weather forecasting”by kalong (crab), and ritual for tree blooms forhoneybee foraging, and predation of a vespidwasp, Ropalidia sp. on the larvae of diamondbackmoth.

An over all species endemism was assessed at9 percent. Out of 67 (mostly curculionid beetles)endemic arthropod species, at least 21 speciesare associated with 18 endemic host plants,indicating urgency of conservation efforts. Theseendemic species are probably new species andnew records, which remain undescribed.

The following recommendations are provided:

• Taxonomic identification of the stil lunidentified species is necessary. It issuggested that further study along thisaspect should be conducted to have a moredetailed inquiry of all the species of thedifferent groups.

• More collection efforts should be exerted toobtain year round samples of arthropodswhich should include canopy and litterarthropod species. Promotion of life historystudies of selected groups for biodiversityconservation is also recommended.Conservation of endemic host plants isnecessary to conserve endemic arthropodsas well.

Recommendations

• Species diversity should be maintained orincreased, taking into consideration, theplant architecture in the area. Structurallycomplex plants support more species dueto greater diversity of habitat and foodresource.

• Information dissemination regardingarthropod resource use is recommended.Posters, brochures, films, exhibits, and otherIEC materials should be developed forawareness campaigns on the importance ofarthropods and biodiversity. These materialsshould also include information on the currentstatus of economic species, endemicspecies, beneficial and destructive speciesof arthropods in Mt. Malindang RangeNatural Park.

34 Technical Report

Altieri, M.A. and C.I. Nicholls. 2005. Designing species-rich, pest-suppressive agroecosystem throughhabitat management. http://agroeco.org/brasil/materials/designing_species.htm.

Baltazar, C.R. 2001. Directions of systematic entomology in the Philippines. In: I.R. Lit, Jr. 2004.Documenting biodiversity minus the most diverse group?: The status, problems and prospectsof arthropod taxonomy and taxonomists in the Philippines. Research reports for the NationalInstitute for the Environmental Studies, Japan 175: 262-270.

Bielawski, R. 1965. A review of the Philippine species of the genus Henosepilachna Li & Cook (Coleoptera,Coccinellidae). Pol. Pismo ent., Wroclaw 35: 535-553, figs.

Brusca, R.C. and G.J. Brusca. 2003. Invertebrates. 2nd ed. Sinower Associates, Inc., USA.

Campbell, N.A., J.B. Reece, and L.G. Mitchell. 2000. Biology. Pearson Education Asia, Singapore. 1175pp.

Ceniza, M.J.C. 1995. Arthropod abundance and diversity in different ecosystems of Mount Pangasugan,Baybay, Leyte, Philippines with special reference to the Coleoptera and Hymenoptera fauna.PLITS 13 (3).

Daly, H.V., J.T. Doyen, and A.H. Purcell III. 1998. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity. 2nd ed.Oxford University Press, USA.

Gapud, V.P. 2005. The status of insect biodiversity in the Philippines. Samu’t-sari 4(1):2-5.

Gapud, V.P., A.T. Barrion, V.J. Calilung, L.A. Corpuz-Raros, I.L. Lit Jr., H. Zettel, and O. Zamora. 2001.Status report: Biodiversity of Philippine arthropoda. The Arthropod Working Group for theDENR-PAWB-UP CIDS-FPE Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Project. 52 pp.

Gullan, R.J. and P.S. Cranston. 2000. The insects. An outline of Entomology. 2nd ed. Blackwen ScienceLtd., Oxford. 476 pp.

Lawrence, L. 2004. Arthropods: The glue of habitat and the role of insects and arthropods. CSIROEnvironmental Research, Australia. http://www.szdocent.org/ff/f-arth3.htm.

Madge, R., M. Cox, R. Booth, T.G. Vazirani, and E.A.J. Duffy. 2000. Coleoptera: Guide to insects ofimportance to man. International Institute of Entomology, UK.

Olber, R.M., K.R. Venator, and A.M. Wothington. 2000. Pursuit and inception in dragonflies. Journal ofPhysiology. Sensory Neural and Behavior Physiology. 186: 155-162.

Perlman, D.L. and D. Paskowitz. 1998. Conservation and biodiversity of insects. In: W.L. Romoser andJ.G. Stoffolano. 1998. The Science of Entomology. WCB/McGraw-Hill, USA.

Pollinator Declines. 2001. http://pollinator.nbii.gov/declines.html.

Quicke, D.L.G. 2003. Parasitic wasps. http://www.wkap.nl/prod/blo-42-583350-xalises.

Triplehorn, C.A. and N.F. Johnson. 2005. Borror and Delong’s introduction to the study of insects. 7th

ed. Thomson Learning, USA.

Literature Cited


36 Technical Report

Trueman, J.W.H. and R.J. Row. 2001. Odonata: Dragonflies and damselflies. http://tolweb.org/tree?group= odonata&contgroup=pterygota.


1

2

3

4

567

8

9

10

1112131415

16

AnisopteraAesnidaeTetracanthagyna sp.nr. brunneaCorduliidaeHeteronaiasheterodoxaGomphidaeHeliogomphusbakeriLibellulidaeCrocothemisserviliaDiplacina braueriDiplacodes trivialisNannophyapygmeaNeurothemisramburiiNeurothemisterminataOrthetrumpruinosum cleliaOrthetrum sabinaPlantala flavescensRhyothemis sp.Thrithemis auroraThrithemis festivaZygopteraAmphipterygidaeDevadattapodolestoidesbasilanensus

2

1

2

Appendix Table 1. Odonata species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

1

1

2

8

100

1

2

2

1

100

1

1

12

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Spp.No.

14

1

1

12

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

38Technical Report

Appendix Table 1 continued...

17

1819

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

CalopterygidaeVestalis melaniaChlorocyphidaeCyrano angustiorRhinocyphadorsosanguineaRhinocypha turconiiCoenagrionidaePseudagrionpilidorsumPseudagrion sp.EuphaeidaeEuphaea amphicyanaPlatycnemididaeCoelicciadinocerasRisiocnemisappendiculataRisiocnemis(Igneocnemis)flammeaRisiocnemis(Igneocnemis) sp.ProtoneuridaeProdasineura integraTOTALSPECIESDIVERSITY

1

6

0.577

2

0.301

110

0.152

1

1

3

2

113

0.255

1

1

2

1

4

1

1

123

1.152

1

1

2

7

0.759

12

2

10

0.639

1

1

7

0.759

0

0

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

BlaberidaeBlaberidae sp. 1BlattidaeBlattidae sp. 1Blattidae sp. 2CryptoceridaeCryptoceridae sp. 1UndeterminedUndet sp. 1Undet sp. 2Undet sp. 3Undet sp. 4Undet sp. 5Undet sp. 6Undet sp. 7Undet sp. 8TOTALSPECIES DIVERSITY

5

1

1

70.346

2

1

3

0.27600

1

1

20.301

1 1

11 4

0.602

1

2

3111 9

0.728

3

11 5

0.413

4

2

2 1 9

0.553

2

4

3

111 111

150.88

Appendix Table 3. Blattodea species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

30

3132

33

3435363738394041

29 EphemeropteraTOTALSPECIESDIVERSITY

00

0

Appendix Table 2. Ephemeroptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

00

0

11

0

00

0

99

0

00

0

00

0

11

0

00

0

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

42

43

CarcinophoridaeCarcinophoridae sp. 1LabiidaeLabiidae sp. 1TOTALSPECIES DIVERSITY

Appendix Table 4. Dermaptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

110

110

00

00

00

4

40

00

2

79

0.2300

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

44 Termitidae

TOTALSPECIES DIVERSITY

Appendix Table 5. Isoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

00

00

00

00

1

10

00

00

00

00

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

40Technical Report

45

4647

48

49

50

51

52535455

56

57

585960616263

64

AcrididaeCatantopinaeStenocatatantopssplendensCatantopinaeMelicodes tenebrosaUndet sp. 1OedipodinaeAiolopus thalassinustamulusHeteropternisrespondensOxyinaeGesonula mundatazonoceraOxya hyla intricataCatantopinaeCranaella sp.Gelastorhinus sp.?Undet sp. 1Undet sp. 2GryllacrididaeGryllacridinaeundet 1Gryllacridinaeundet 2GryllidaeParanisitra sp. 1Eneopterinae sp. 1Eneopterinae sp. 2Eneopterinae sp. 3TrigonidiinaeUndet sp. 1PyrgomorphidaeAtractomorphapsittacina

3

2

617

5

2

1

1

1

2

3

423141

2

1

1

15

127

Appendix Table 6. Orthoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Spp.No.

2

4

4

2

18

2

2

1

6

23

10

5

129

4311

2

3

5051015

22

18

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

1

5

11

3

7


42Technical Report


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

6566

67

68

69

70

71

72

7374

757677

78

79

80

81

82

TetrigidaeDiotarus verruciferMisythus sp. nr.jubatusScelimena sp.TettigoniidaeConocephalinaeAnthracites sp. nr.majorConocephalus sp.ListroscelinaeHexacentrus mundusMeconematinaeXiphidiopsisdrepanophoraXiphidiopis gemmiculaMecopodinaeMecopoda elongataSegestes sp. nr.vittaticepsPhaneropterinaeDucetia japonicaElimaea bakeriPhaneropterafurciferaFurnia sp.PseudophyllinaeMorsimus sp. nr.serratusPhyllominus sp. nr.acutipennisTympanoptera sp. nr.philippinaTrigonopterygidaeSystella philippinensisTOTALSPECIES DIVERSITY

1

2

1

1

2

130.752

1

1

216

0.758

4

21

2

330.921

2

33

21

11

1

2

1

31

1

1

353

1.392

4

12

1

350.768

1

11

34

2

7

5

217

58

1

1

4

2431.298

1

1

11

11

1

1

1

440.966

5

515

0.615

1

12

0.301


83

848586878889909192939495969798

99100

101

102103

104105

106

Appendix Table 7. Phasmatodea species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

AschiphasmatidaeAschiphasmatinaeAschiphasmatiniOrthomeria sp. 1DiapheromeridaeDiapheromeridae sp. 1LonchodinaeLonchodini sp. 1Lonchodes sp. 1Lonchodes sp. 2Lonchodes sp. 3NecrosciinaeNecrosciinae sp. 1Necrosciinae sp. 2Necrosciinae sp. 3Asceles sp. 1Asceles sp. 2Asceles sp. 3Marmessoidea sp. 1Necrosia sp.1HeteropterygidaeObriminaeObrimini sp. 1Euobrimus (near)atheruraEuobrimus sp.PhasmatidaePharnaciiniPhobaeticus sp. 1Pharnacia sp. 1BaculiniBaculum sp. 1Platycraninae sp. 1PhylliidaePhyllium sp. 1TOTALSPECIES DIVERSITY

11 345

2

2

119

0.829

1 2 33 1

2

120.74

1

7 121 1 1

140.681

1

1

20.301

2

2

261 21 111

1

11

221.021

1

1 1

1

1

50.699

111 1

1

1

60.778

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

1

1 1

3

60.54

1 2 2

50.458

44Technical Report

107108109110111112113114115116117118119

MantidaeHierodula sp.DeroplatyinaeMantinae sp. 1Mantinae sp. 2Mantinae sp. 3Mantinae sp. 4Mantinae sp. 5Mantinae sp. 6Mantinae sp. 7Mantinae sp. 8Mantinae sp. 9Mantinae sp. 10Mantinae sp. 11TOTALSPECIES DIVERSITY

1111

40.602

1 1 2 11 6

0.679

2 111 5

0.578

110

4 1 12 8

0.528

Appendix Table 8. Mantodea species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

00

00

00

1

10

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


Appendix Table 9. Hemiptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

120

121122

123

124125

126127128129

130

131

132

133

134135136137138139

140

141142143144

HeteropteraAcanthosomatidaeSastragala sp.AlydidaeNoliphus spinosusRiptortus linearis ?AradidaeAradidae sp. 1ColobathristidaePhaenacantha sp.Colobathristidae sp. 1CoreidaeAnoplocnemis phasianaColpura obscuricornisDindymus mundusHomoeocerusimmaculatusPrionolomia expansaCydnidaeMacroscytussubaeneusEnicocephalidaeEnicocephalidae sp.1NotonectidaeEnithares sp.LygaeidaeFaelicianus sp.Metochus uniguttatusNysius caledoniaeNysius vinitorParaeucosmetus sp.ParaeucosmetuspallicornisParaeucosmetusmalayusMiridaeCyrtopeltis teniusMiridae sp. 1Miridae sp. 2Miridae sp. 3

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

31

2

1

1

7

1

1

3

2

11

2

3

21

1

1

1

8

3

8 2 3 1

141249

3

16219616

1

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

46Technical Report

Appendix Table 9 continued…

145146147148149150

151152153154155156157158

Miridae sp. 4Miridae sp. 5Miridae sp. 6Miridae sp. 7Miridae sp. 8Miridae on MelastomaPentatomidaeAlcimocoris lineolatusCarbula trabiferaDalsira marginataHoplistodera convexaPlautia sp. 1Sepontia sp.Tolumnia trinotataVitellus sp.

1

1 12

3

1 1

1

3

19821

26

1

11

1

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

159

160161

162163

164165166167168169170171

172173

174

175176

PlataspidaeBrachyplatysdeplanatusCoptosoma sp. 1Coptosoma sp. 2ReduviidaeEuagoras sp. 1IschnobaenamacerrimaGardena melinarthumEuagoras plagiatusReduviidae sp. 1Reduviidae sp. 2Reduviidae sp. 3Sirthenea sp.Neoscadra sp.Veleda brevispinaNabidaeNabidae sp. 1Nabidae sp. 2TessaratomidaePygoplatys sp.UndeterminedUndet sp. 1Undet sp. 2

1

1

11

1

5

2

31

1

1

1

1

1

1

9

1

1

1

21

16

126

22

373

1

1

1

1


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

177178179180

Undet sp. 3Undet sp. 4Undet sp. 5Undet sp. 6

1 111

313

181182

183184185

186

187188189190191192193194

195196197

198

199200201202203204205206207208

HomopteraAchilidaeAchilidae sp. 1Achilidae sp. 2AphididaeAphididae sp. 1Aphididae sp. 2Aphididae sp. 3AphrophoridaePerinoia sp.CercopidaeCercopidae sp. 1Cercopidae sp. 2Cercopidae sp. 3Cercopidae sp. 4Cercopidae sp. 5Cercopidae sp. 6Cercopidae sp. 7Cercopidae sp. 8CicadellidaeBothrogonia sp.Cofana spectraNephotettixnigropictusNephotettixvirescensNirvana sp.Cicadellidae sp. 1Cicadellidae sp. 2Cicadellidae sp. 3Cicadellidae sp. 4Cicadellidae sp. 5Cicadellidae sp. 6Cicadellidae sp. 7Cicadellidae sp. 8Cicadellidae sp. 9

1

2 2

432

8

62 171

2

25

31

2

1 1

1

5

1

5

2 22

133

2124

1

3

1

1

17

97548

1

3 1 111

352

21

331263429341

3371

1

1

1 1

2

1


48Technical Report

234 Flatidae sp. 2 1 235 Flatidae sp. 3 1 236 Flatidae sp. 4 1237 Flatidae sp. 5 2

Issidae238 Hemisphaeriuns sp. 2 1 3 2 239 Issidae sp. 1 1 1 240 Issidae sp. 2 1 3 241 Issidae sp. 3 1 3 242 Issidae sp. 4 3


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

209210211

212213214215216217

218219220221222223224225226

227228229230

231232

233

Cicadellidae sp. 10Cicadellidae sp. 11Cicadellidae sp. 12CicadidaeCicadidae sp. 1Cicadidae sp. 2Cicadidae sp. 3Cicadidae sp. 4Cicadidae sp. 5Cicadidae sp. 6CixiidaeCixiidae sp. 1Cixiidae sp. 2Cixiidae sp. 3Cixiidae sp. 4Cixiidae sp. 5Cixiidae sp. 6Cixiidae sp. 7Cixiidae sp. 8Cixiidae sp. 9DerbidaeProutista moestaDerbidae sp. 1Derbidae sp. 2Derbidae sp. 3DelphacidaeDelphacidae sp. 1Delphacidae sp. 2FlatidaeFlatidae sp. 1

3

21

12 1 1

141

1

2

4

1

63

1

4

142

11 1

1 1

1

21

3

1

1

1 11

1

1648

4


261 Undet sp. 3 2 262 Undet sp. 4 2 263 Undet sp. 5 2 264 Undet sp. 6 2 265 Undet sp. 7 2 1 266 Undet sp. 8 1 1 267 Undet sp. 9 2 1 268 Undet sp. 10 1 269 Undet sp. 11 1 270 Undet sp. 12 1 271 Undet sp. 13 1 1 272 Undet sp. 14 273 Undet sp. 15 3 4 2274 Undet sp. 16 2 275 Undet sp. 17 1 1

TOTAL 89 61 8 18 41 113 25 33 1412SPECIESDIVERSITY 1.411 0.98 0.753 0.883 1.215 1.605 1.259 1.217 1.423

243 Issidae sp. 5 244 Issidae sp. 6 245 Issidae sp. 7 1 246 Issidae sp. 8 3 247 Issidae sp. 9 248 Issidae sp. 10

Lophophidae249 Serida latens

Meenoplidae250 Nisia sp. 5 251 Meenoplidae sp. 1

Membracidae252 Emphusis bakeri 1 253 Gargara sp. 1 1 254 Gargara sp. 2 3 255 Gargara sp. 3 2

Tropiduchidae256 Tropiduchidae sp. 1 257 Tropiduchidae sp. 2 258 Tropiduchidae sp. 3 2

Undetermined259 Undet sp. 1 1 260 Undet sp. 2 1


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

12

11

1

251

1

11

72450

24

1

111

50Technical Report

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

Chrysopidae276 Chrysopidae sp. 1 4

Hemerobiidae277 Hemerobiidae sp. 1 6 1 3 5

TOTAL 10 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 5SPECIESDIVERSITY 0.292 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Appendix Table 10. Neuroptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

Anthribidae278 Xenocerus striatus 1

Brenthidae279 Apioninae sp. 1 1 280 Apioninae sp. 2 2 1

Cantharidae281 Cantharidae sp. 1 8 7

Carabidae282 Carabidae sp. 1 1 4283 Carabidae sp. 2 2284 Carabidae sp. 3 1 1 285 Carabidae sp. 4 1286 Carabidae sp. 5 1

CerambycidaeCerambycinae

287 Demonaxsulfurisignatus 1 1

288 Nupserha sp. 1 2Lamiinae

289 Agapanthini sp. 1 1 8 1 290 Asthates sp. 1 14

Appendix Table 11. Coleoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


291 Pelargoderus nearalcanor 2 1

292 Epepeotes sp. 1 1 1 293 Epepeotes sp. 2 4 11 294 Epepeotes sp. 3 1 295 Mimoplacia sp. 1 296 Cereopsius sp. 1 297 Cleptometopus sp. 9 1 1298 Glenea baetrix 1 2 1 299 Mimoplacia

diversenotata 1 300 Phelipara sp. 3

Prioninae301 Megopis lumawigi 1 2 2302 Cerambycidae

undet sp. 1 2 1Undetermined

303 Cerambycidaeundet sp. 2 1

304 Cerambycidaeundet sp. 3 1

305 Cerambycidaeundet sp. 4 3 ChrysomelidaeAlticinae

306 Alticinae sp. 1 1 11 8307 Alticinae sp. 2 1 6 1 4308 Alticinae sp. 3 3 1 25309 Alticinae sp. 4 2 9 18310 Alticinae sp. 5 2 14311 Alticinae sp. 6 4 1 1312 Alticinae sp. 7 2 4 13313 Alticinae sp. 8 2 3 314 Alticinae sp. 9 4 7315 Alticinae sp. 10 1316 Alticinae sp. 11 1 2317 Alticinae sp. 12 4

Cassidinae318 Aspidomorpha

miliaris 1319 Cassida sp. 1 3 5


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

52Technical Report

343 Galerucinae undetsp. 7 2 1

344 Galerucinae undetsp. 8 1 1 1

345 Galerucinae undetsp. 9 3 1 3

320 Cassida sp. 2 1 3321 Cassida sp. 3 14

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


322 Laccopteraphilippinensis 7Cryptocephalinae

323 Cryptocephalinaesp. 1 3 6

324 Cryptocephalinaesp. 2 2 10Galerucinae

325 Aulacophora coffea 6 6326 Aulacophora indica 1 4327 Aulacophora sp. 1 6 1 2328 Aulacophora sp. 2 7 3 21329 Aulacophora sp. 3 2 1 7330 Aulacophora sp. 4 3 3331 Atrachya sp. 2 2 1 34332 Calomicrus sp. 2 7333 Liroetiella sp. 1 21334 Liroetiella sp. 2 3 1 335 Medythia sp. 3 1 4336 Pseudocophora sp. 1 5 337 Galerucinae undet

sp. 1 2 4 3 1 1 30338 Galerucinae undet

sp. 2 1 3 4 12339 Galerucinae undet

sp. 3 1 1 11340 Galerucinae undet



sp. 6 1 1




348 Galerucinae undetsp. 12 2






354 Galerucinae undetsp. 18 1 Hispinae

355 Agonita sp. 1 1 2 1 356 Agonita sp. 2 1 357 Anisodera sp. 1 358 Botryonopa sp. 1 359 Callispa sp. 2 360 Dactylispa sp. 1 361 Gonophora sp. 1 1 362 Promecotheca sp. 1 2 363 Promecotheca sp. 2 1 364 Uroplata sp. 21365 Wallaceana sp. 6 1

CicindelidaeCicindelinae

366 Heptodonta lumawigi 2 367 Therates coracinus 4 368 Therates fasciatus

pseudolatrielle 3Collyrinae

369 Tricondyla cyanipeselongta 3 3


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

54Technical Report

370 Collyris (Neocollyris)affinis 1Coccinellidae

371 Cheilomenessexmaculatus 1 2

372 Coccinellatransversalis 3

373 Coccinella sp. 1 1 1374 Coccinella sp. 2 1 375 Coccinella sp. 3 1 2 2 376 Coccinella sp. 4 1 1 377 Cryptogonus

orbiculus 1 5378 Henosipalachna sp. 1 379 Henosipalachna

boisduvali 2 380 Henosipalachna

kaszabi 2 6381 Micraspis sp. 1 25382 Scymnus sp. 1 1 11383 Coccinellidae undet

sp. 1 2 5 384 Coccinellidae undet

sp. 2 5 CurculionidaeGymnetrinae

385 Alcidodesleucospilus conflexus 1 1

386 Alcidodes leucospiluserichsoni 6 3

387 Alcidodesmindanauensis 5

388 Alcidodes turpis 3 389 Alcidodes sp. 1 1 2 2390 Alcidodes sp. 2 1

Rynchphorinae391 Rynchphorinae sp. 1 1 3 1 1


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


400 Metapocytrus sp. 6 2 401 Metapocytrus sp. 7 1 1 1 402 Metapocytrus sp. 8 4 403 Metapocytrus sp. 9 1 3 1 3404 Metapocytrus sp. 10 1 405 Metapocytrus sp. 11 1 406 Metapocytrus sp. 12 6 6 2 1 1 13 1 1 39407 Metapocytrus sp. 13 7 1 8408 Metapocytrus sp. 14 1 409 Pachyrrhynchus sp. 1 3 31 5 1 5410 Pachyrrhynchus sp. 2 4 2 3 1 1411 Pachyrrhynchus sp. 3 1 412 Pachyrrhynchus sp. 4 1 413 Pachyrrhynchus sp. 5 3 414 Pachyrrhynchus sp. 6 1

Cryptorrynchinae415 Odosyllis sp. 1 1 416 Odosyllis sp. 2 2 417 Tragopus sp. 6 12 1 418 Trigonopterus

paucisquamosus 1 1 1 5 5419 Calidiopsis sp. 1 1 2

Otiorrhynchinae420 Otiorrhynchinae sp. 1 1 1 421 Otiorrhynchinae sp. 2 2 6 1 35422 Otiorrhynchinae sp. 3 4 9423 Otiorrhynchinae sp. 4 2424 Otiorrhynchinae sp. 5 1 1

392 Rynchphorinae sp. 2 3 2Anthonominae

393 Parimera sp. nr.negrito 1

394 Megarrhinus curvipes 1Pachyrrhynchinae

395 Metapocyrtus sp. 1 3 396 Metapocytrus sp. 2 4 1 397 Metapocytrus sp. 3 1398 Metapocytrus sp. 4 1 399 Metapocytrus sp. 5 3


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

56Technical Report

425 Otiorrhynchinae sp. 6 2 1 1Hylobiinae

426 Paepalosomus sp. 1 Zygopinae

427 Nauphaeus sp. 1


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

Entiminae Sitorini428 Eugnathus sp. 1 429 Curculionidae

undet sp. 1 4 2430 Curculionidae

undet sp.2 1 1431 Curculionidae

undet sp. 3 2 432 Curculionidae

undet sp.4 1 2 1 1Elateridae

433 Elateridae sp. 1 1 2 1434 Elateridae sp. 2 1 3435 Elateridae sp. 3 2436 Elateridae sp. 4 1 437 Elateridae sp. 5 2 438 Elateridae sp. 6 1 1439 Elateridae sp. 7 1 440 Elateridae sp. 8 1 441 Elateridae sp. 9 1

Eucnemidae442 Eucnemidae sp. 1 1

Endomychidae443 Endomychidae sp. 1 1 1 2444 Endomychidae sp. 2 1 3 445 Endomychidae sp. 3 2 446 Endomychidae sp. 4 3 1

Erotylidae447 Erotylidae sp. 1 1 448 Erotylidae sp. 2 1

Lagriidae449 Lagriidae sp. 1 7 6 2450 Lagriidae sp. 2 1 451 Lagriidae sp. 3 2 1 2


452 Lagriidae sp. 4 2 1 6453 Lagriidae sp. 5 3 1454 Lagriidae sp. 6 2 455 Lagriidae sp. 7 1 2

Lampyridae456 Lampyridae sp. 1 2457 Lampyridae sp. 2 2 6 2458 Lampyridae sp. 3 1 459 Lampyridae sp. 4 10460 Lampyridae sp. 5 4 1 2461 Lampyridae sp. 6 3462 Lampyridae sp. 7 1463 Lampyridae sp. 8 1 2 464 Lampyridae sp. 9 1 465 Lampyridae sp. 10 1 466 Lampyridae sp. 11 2 467 Lampyridae sp. 12 1468 Lampyridae sp. 13 1 469 Lampyridae sp. 14 2 470 Lampyridae sp. 15 3

Lucanidae471 Dorcus sp. 1472 Prosopocoilus romeoi 2

Lycidae473 Lycidae sp.1 2 4 1 474 Lycidae sp.2 3 1 475 Lycidae sp.3 1476 Lycidae sp.4 1 1


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

477 Lycidae sp.5 4 1 1478 Lycidae sp.6 1 2 479 Lycidae sp.7 1 2 7 1

Passalidae480 Passalidae sp. 1 1

ScarabaeidaeCetoniinae

481 Euglypta sp. 1 1 1 2 1 482 Taeniodera sp. 4 1 483 Cetoniinae sp. 1 1 484 Cetoniinae sp. 2 2

503 Staphylinidae sp. 4 2504 Staphylinidae sp. 5 2 2

Tenebrionidae505 Tenebrionidae sp. 1 1 2506 Tenebrionidae sp. 2 1507 Tenebrionidae sp. 3 1 508 Tenebrionidae sp. 4 1 509 Tenebrionidae sp. 5 2 2510 Tenebrionidae sp. 6 1 511 Tenebrionidae sp. 7 2 512 Tenebrionidae sp. 8 1 513 Tenebrionidae sp. 9 2 514 Tenebrionidae sp.10 1

Trogossitidae515 Trogossitidae sp.1 2 1

Undetermined516 Coleop undet sp. 1 1 9517 Coleop undet sp. 2 2 2 1 1 25

485 Cetoniinae sp. 3 1 486 Cetoniinae sp. 4 1 487 Cetoniinae sp. 5 1 488 Cetoniinae sp. 6 1 489 Cetoniinae sp. 7 1

Melolonthinae490 Leucospholis irrorata 2 491 Leucopholis sp. 1 492 Melolonthinae sp. 1 1 1 493 Melolonthinae sp. 2 1 494 Melolonthinae sp. 3 1 495 Melolonthinae sp. 4 2 496 Melolonthinae sp. 5 2

Rutelinae497 Anomala sp. 3 498 Rutelinae sp. 1 1 499 Rutelinae sp. 2 3

Staphylinidae500 Staphylinidae sp. 1 1 2 501 Staphylinidae sp. 2 7502 Staphylinidae sp. 3 17


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

518 Coleop undet sp. 3 5519 Coleop undet sp. 4 1 3520 Coleop undet sp. 5 6521 Coleop undet sp. 6 1 1 2 4522 Coleop undet sp. 7 3 2 1 1523 Coleop undet sp. 8 2 1 1 2524 Coleop undet sp. 9 7 4 4525 Coleop undet sp. 10 3526 Coleop undet sp. 11 1 2527 Coleop undet sp. 12 1 2528 Coleop undet sp. 13 3 2 529 Coleop undet sp. 14 1 2 530 Coleop undet sp. 15 2 531 Coleop undet sp. 16 1 532 Coleop undet sp. 17 1 533 Coleop undet sp. 18 2 534 Coleop undet sp. 19 3 535 Coleop undet sp. 20 1

TOTAL 118 167 42 61 48 238 29 48 710SPECIES DIVERSITY 1.59 1.407 1.099 1.51 1.437 1.972 1.259 1.277 1.828


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

60Technical Report

Appendix Table 12. Diptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Dolichopodidae548 Undet sp. 1 1

Heleomyzidae549 Heleomyzidae sp. 1 303

Muscidae550 Muscidae sp. 1 39 12 2 7 1 3 137551 Muscidae sp. 2 18 32 2 1 3 1 1 159552 Muscidae sp. 3 4 5 1 2 5 1 1 29553 Muscidae sp. 4 2 21554 Muscidae sp. 5 20

Pipunculidae555 Pipunculidae sp. 1 12

Syrphidae556 Syrphidae sp. 1 10 1 1 55557 Syrphidae sp. 2 1 24558 Syrphidae sp. 3 6 1 16559 Syrphidae sp. 4 2 6560 Syrphidae sp. 5 1 3 10561 Syrphidae sp. 6 1 6562 Syrphidae sp. 7 2 2563 Syrphidae sp. 8 1

Tachinidae564 Tachinidae sp. 1 3 4 33565 Tachinidae sp. 2 1 14566 Tachinidae sp. 3 20

536 Agromyzidae 521Asilidae

537 Asilidae sp. 1 1 7 3 1 4538 Asilidae sp. 2 1 3 1 8539 Asilidae sp. 3 1 2 1

Calliphoridae540 Calliphoridae sp. 1 5 8 1 2 22541 Calliphoridae sp. 2 2 1 4542 Calliphoridae sp. 3 3 1543 Calliphoridae sp. 4 1

Culicidae544 Culicidae sp. 1 8 4 1 1 7 4545 Culicidae sp. 2 1 1 1546 Culicidae sp. 3 1 2 547 Culicidae sp. 4 1

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


573 Tipulidae sp. 6 2 1 10574 Tipulidae sp. 7 1 1 575 Undetermined

Diptera undet sp. 1 2 6 1 1 2 163576 Diptera undet sp. 2 2 6 3 1 114577 Diptera undet sp. 3 2 2 1 109578 Diptera undet sp. 4 4 14 34 3 330579 Diptera undet sp. 5 1 180580 Diptera undet sp. 6 2 1 92581 Diptera undet sp. 7 4 1 1 2 1 131582 Diptera undet sp. 8 2 1 1 2 34583 Diptera undet sp. 9 2 1 3 2 171584 Diptera undet sp. 10 2 1 2 211585 Diptera undet sp. 11 4 71586 Diptera undet sp. 12 1 6 32587 Diptera undet sp. 13 74588 Diptera undet sp. 14 41


567 Tachinidae sp. 4 1 1 24568 Tipulidae

Tipulidae sp. 1 5 10 1 9 14569 Tipulidae sp. 2 8 1 4 10570 Tipulidae sp. 3 10 1 2 1 10571 Tipulidae sp. 4 5 1 5 1 3 1 8 26572 Tipulidae sp. 5 8 1 1 14


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

62Technical Report

604 Parantica luzonensisluzonensis 7

605 Polyura athamasacuta 1 1

606 Ragadia melindinamelindina 1 1 1

607 Ypthima lisondralisondra 1 1 6

Hesperiidae589 Bibasis gomata 1 590 Choaspes plateni

adhara 2 2 1 4591 Potanthus mingo

mingo 2 1 2 7592 Taractrocera

luzonensisluzonensis 1

593 Xantheneuratelesinus 2 1 2Lycaenidae

594 Jamides alectomanilana 7 14 5 1 2 1 40

595 Tajura sp. 1 1 Nymphalidae

596 Athyma maenassemperi 2 2 1 1

597 Danaus melanippusedmondii 4 3

598 Faunis phaon leucis 1 2599 Hypolimnas

anomala anomala 1 600 Ideopsis gaura

glaphyra 3 2 2 1601 Lexias panopus

miscus 1 1 5602 Mycalesis ita

imeldae 1 6 1 1 5603 Parantica dannatti

malindangensis 2 10

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

Appendix Table 13. Lepidoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


608 Ypthima conjunctaconjuncta 1 1 1 3

609 Undet 1 nymphal 1 1 1 1Papilionidae

610 Menelaides hystspes 3 3 611 Menelaides

rumanzoviarumanzovia 1 1

612 Graphium sarpedonsarpedon 1 1 9

613 Troides rhadamantus 1 2 614 Troides magellanus 1 1

Pieridae615 Catopsilia scylla

asema 1 1 5616 Delias henningia

ochreopicta 4 3 2 1 2617 Delias baracasa

baracasa 1 618 Delias diaphana

basilisae 4 619 Eurema alitha alitha 1


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

620 Eurema hiurai hiurai 21 1 8621 Eurema hecabe

tamiathis 2 2 1622 Eurema sarilata

sarilata 1 1TOTAL 60 41 21 28 2 10 0 7 105SPECIES DIVERSITY 1.049 1.012 0.461 1.129 0.301 0.819 0 0.845 1.006

64Technical Report

Braconinae632 Braconinae sp. 1 3 2 6 7 2 166633 Braconinae sp. 2 8 3 37634 Braconinae sp. 3 3 31

Cheloninae635 Chelonus sp. 21

Microgasterinae636 Microgasterinae sp. 1 2 20

ChalcididaeBrachymerinae

637 Brachymeria sp. 1 Epitraninae

638 Epitraninae sp. 1 1 9Hatichelinae

639 Hatichelinae sp. 1 5Chrysididae

640 Chrysididae sp. 1 42Cynipidae

641 Cynipidae sp. 1 8Diapriidae

642 Diapriinae sp. 1 1Encyrtidae

643 Encyrtidae sp. 1 1 7Eucoilidae

644 Eucoilidae sp. 1 11

623 Agaonidae 2 12Apidae

624 Apis cerana 1 4 6 2 17625 Apis dorsata 5626 Apis sp. 1 1 3 2 7 1 17627 Bombus sp. 5 2 6

Anthophoridae628 Xylocopa sp. 5 1

BraconidaeAgathidinae

629 Mesocoelus sp. 2 44Alysiinae

630 Alysia sp. 3 3 9Blacinae

631 Blacinae sp. 1 2 37

Appendix Table 14. Hymenoptera species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


Evaniidae648 Evaniidae sp. 1 4 3 18

IchneumonidaeCryptinae

649 Cryptinae sp. 1 2 1 17Ichneumoninae

650 Ichneumoninae sp. 1 1 1 1 59651 Ichneumoninae sp. 2 1 3 13

Mesochorinae652 Mesochorus sp. 1 6

Ophioninae653 Ophioninae sp. 1

Pimplinae654 Pimpla sp. 8

Pompilidae655 Pompilidae sp. 1 1 1

Proctrotrupidae656 Proctrotrupidae sp. 3

Sphecidae657 Sphecidae sp. 3 22 1 1 19

Scelionidae658 Scelionidae sp. 1 8

Vespidae659 Vespidae sp. 1 1 3 5 1 1 36660 Vespidae sp. 2 2 1 30661 Stenogaster sp. 21

Tiphiidae662 Tiphiidae sp. 1 2 663 Undet sp. 1 4 664 Ropalidia sp. 3

Scoliidae665 Scolia sp.? 13


SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Spp.No.

Eumenidae645 Eumenidae sp. 1 1 1

Eulophidae646 Eulophidae sp. 1 2 11

Eupelmidae647 Eupelmidae sp. 1 2 1

Agro-ecosystem

Formicidae666 Anoplolepis

gracilipes 15 6 1 3 31667 Camponotus sp.? 1 668 Camponotus sp. 8 3 15 4 3669 Camponotus sp. 2 2 1 1 6670 Diacamma sp. 1 24671 Diacamma sp. 2 1 9 20672 Dolichoderus ? 3 3673 Dolichoderus sp. 2 15 3 3 3 59674 Iridomyrmex sp. 16 3 3 71675 Iridomyrmex sp. 1 1 6 1 35676 Iridomyrmex sp. 2 3 13677 Odontomachus sp. 11 2 2 8678 Oecophylla

smaragdina 17 3 33679 Polyrhachis sp. 1 7 11 1 2 680 Polyrhachis sp. 2 1 20 2 6 9681 Polyrhachis sp. 3 3 4 2 3 3682 Polyrhachis sp. 4 4 3 3 2683 Myrmeciinae 3 1 3 18684 Undet formicid 2 3 11



SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

66Technical Report

685 Nephila sp. 1 2 686 Gasteracantha sp. 2 4687 Gasteracantha sp. 2 9 3 1 51688 Gasteracantha sp. 3 4 9689 Gasteracantha sp. 4 2

Aranaeidae690 Aranaeidae 2 691 Hippasa sp.? 4 29692 Neoscona sp.? 1 1 2 4 3 3 9693 Neoscona sp. 2 4 1 3 10694 nr. Neoscona 1 695 Undet genus 1 1 1

Oxyopidae696 Oxyopidae 6 2 8697 Oxyopes sp. 1 19 1 6 6 201698 Oxyopes sp. 2 9 699 Oxyopes sp. 3 2 14

Salticidae700 Salticidae 1 3 2 2 7701 Salticidae

undet sp. 1 1 702 Salticidae

undet sp. 2 1 703 Phidippus 1 704 Phidippus ? 1 3 2 3 4 1

Sparrasidae705 Sparrasidae 2

Thomisidae706 Thomisidae 1 2 3 707 Thomisus sp. 1 1 1 3

Undetermined708 Undet sp. 1 1 2 1 1 4709 Undet sp. 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 12710 Undet sp. 3 3 1 2 2 10711 Undet sp. 4 5 3 1 1 3 23712 Undet sp. 5 6 1 1 3 1 2 6

Appendix Table 15. Araneida (Spider) species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


68Technical Report

713 Undet sp. 6 3 1 2714 Undet sp. 7 8 1 4715 Undet sp. 8 1 2 1 1 716 Undet sp. 9 7 2 2 2 5717 Undet sp. 10 3 11718 Undet sp. 11 1 19719 Undet sp. 12 1 720 Undet sp. 13 2721 Undet sp. 14 1 2 1722 Undet sp. 15 2 1723 Undet sp. 16 2 2724 Undet sp. 17 1 725 Undet sp. 18 9726 Undet sp. 19 1 1 727 Undet sp. 20 1 58728 Undet sp. 21 1 1729 Undet sp. 22 1 1 730 Undet sp. 23 1 731 Undet sp. 24 1 732 Undet sp. 25 1 733 Undet sp. 26 1 37734 Undet sp. 27 3 735 Undet sp. 28 2 3 1 4


Appendix Table 15 continued ...

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.


Scorpionida736 Scorpion 1 1 1 1

Phalangida737 Phalangids 22 17 17 10 4 18 1 7 140

AcarinaEriophyidae

738 Eriophyes sp. 192Chilopoda

739 Centipede 4 3Diplopoda

740 Millipede 1 Crustacea

741 Crabs 11 2 6 TOTAL 22 28 17 10 7 29 3 8 335SPECIES DIVERSITY 0 1.1 0 0 0.416 0.439 0.477 0.164 0.315

Appendix Table 16. Other arthropods species at different vegetation types in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

SpeciesMossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantationand

Degraded Forest

Agro-ecosystem

Spp.No.

70 Technical Report

Appendix Table 17. Endemic species of Odonata in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Total Odonatan species recorded in MMRNP = 28

Anisoptera Corduliidae

Heteronaias heterodoxa (Selys)

/

GomphidaeHeliogomphus bakeri Laidlaw

/

LibellulidaeDiplacina braueri (Selys)

ZygopteraAmphipterygidae

Devadatta podolestoidesbasilanensis Laidlaw

CalopterygidaeVestalis melania Selys

/

Rhinocypha dorsosanguinea Lieftinck

/

/

/

EuphaeidaeEuphaea amphicyana Ris

/Rhinocypha turconii Selys

ChlorocyphidaeCyrano angustior Hämäläinen

/

/

ProtoneuridaeProdasineura integra (Selys)

/

PlatycnemididaeCoeliccia dinoceras Laidlaw

Risiocnemis (R.) appendiculata (Brauer) /

/

Risiocnemis (Igneocnemis) flammea (Selys)

/

TOTAL 6 7

Taxa Philippines Mindanao MMRNP

0


Appendix Table 18. Endemic species of Orthoptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Total Orthopteran species recorded in MMRNP = 38

AcrididaeCatantopinae

Melicodes tenebrosa (Walker)

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

TOTAL 4 6

TetrigidaeDiotarus verrucifer Stal

Misythus sp. nr. jubatus Hebard

TettigoniidaeConocephalinae

Anthracites sp. nr. major Hebard

MeconematinaeXiphidiopsis drepanophora Hebard

Xiphidiopsis drepanophora Hebard

PseudophyllinaeMorsimus sp. nr. serratus Beier

Tympanoptera sp. nr. philippina (Hebard)

MecopodinaeSegestes sp. nr. vittaticeps Stal

TrigonopterygidaeSystella philippinensis (Walker)


0

72 Technical Report

AschiphasmatidaeAschiphasmatini

Orthomeria sp. 1

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

TOTAL

Total Phasmatodean species recorded in MMRNP = 24


Lonchodinae

Lonchodini sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 2 /

Lonchodes sp. 3 /

/

Necrosciinae

Necrosciinae sp. 1

Necrosciinae sp. 2

Necrosciinae sp. 3/

Asceles sp. 2

Asceles sp. 3

Marmessoidea sp. 1 /

Necrosia sp. 1 /

HeteropterygidaeObriminae

Obrimini sp. 1

Euobrimus (near) atherura

/

/Euobrimus sp.

/

PhasmatidaePharnaciini

Phobaeticus sp. 1 /

Pharnacia ?? sp. 1

BaculiniBaculum sp. 1

Platycraninae sp. 1 /

/

PhylliidaePhylliiniPhyllium sp. 1

Asceles sp. 1

/

240

Appendix Table 19. Endemic species of Phasmatodea in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

TAXA Philippines Mindanao/MMRNP

/


Appendix Table 20. Endemic species of Hemiptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Total Hemipteran species recorded in MMRNP = 156

TOTAL 3 1

ReduviidaeIschnobaena macerrima Stal

Euagoras plagietus

/

/

Veleda brevispina Stal

MembracidaeEmphusis bakeri Funkhouser

/

/

0


74 Technical Report

Appendix Table 21. Endemic species of Coleoptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

AnthribidaeXenocerus striatus Jordan /

/Cerambycidae

Nupserha sp.

Mimoplacia diversenotata von Breuning /

CurculionidaeGymnetrinae

Alcidodes sp. 1

/Alcidodes sp. 1

Rynchophorinae sp. 1 /

/

Rynchophorinae sp. 2 /

PachrrynchinaeMetapocyrtus sp. 1 /

/Metapocyrtus sp. 2

Metapocyrtus sp. 3 /



Pachyrrhynchus sp. 5 /
















Appendix Table 21 continued….


/Cryptorrynchinae

Odosyllis sp. 1

Odosyllis sp. 2 /

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 2 /

Tragopus sp. /

Calidiopsis sp. 1 /

/






HylobiinaePaepalosomus sp.

ZygopinaeNauphaeus sp.

EntiminaeSitonini

Eugnathus sp.

/

/Undetermined sp. 1

/Undetermined sp. 2

/Undetermined sp. 3

/Undetermined sp. 4

41TOTAL 0 3

/

Total Coleopteran species recorded in MMRNP = 258


/

76 Technical Report

Appendix Table 22. Endemic species of Lepidoptera in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Total Lepidopteran species recorded in MMRNP = 34

/

/Mycalesis ita imeldae Aoki and Uemura

Parantica dannatti malindangensis Treadaway /

/

/

/

/

/

/

HesperiidaeChoaspes plateni adhara Mabille

NymphalidaeAthyma maenas semperi

PapilionidaeMenelaides hystaspes (C & R Felder)

Menelaides rumanzonia rumanzovia(Eschscholtz)

/

Troides magellanus C & R Felder /

PieridaeDelias baracasa baracasa Semper

Delias diaphana basilisae Schroeder &Treadaway

Delias henningia ochreopicta Butler

Eurema hiurai hiurai Schirozu & Yata

Eurema sarilata sarilata Semper /

2TOTAL 4 6



Submontane Dipterocarp

Forest

Mixed Dipterocrap

Forest

Lowland Dipterocarp

Forest

Mixed Lowland

Dipterocarp Forest

Plantation and

Degraded Forest

Almaciga ForestEndemic species

Agro- ecosystem

/

Appendix Table 23. Mt. Malindang endemic species of arthropod fauna per vegetation.

Mossy Forest

Montane Forest

/

/

/

/

/

/ / /

/ /

//

/

/

/

/

//

//

//

/

//

/

/

///

/

//

/

/

/ / /

/

/ / /

/

/

/

/

/

// /

/

/

/

/

Coleoptera: BEETLES


Alcidodes sp. 1

Alcidodes sp. 2

Rynchophorinae sp. 2

RynchophorinaeRynchophorinae sp. 1

PachrrynchinaeMetapocyrtus sp. 1

Metapocyrtus sp. 2

Metapocyrtus sp. 4

Metapocyrtus sp. 3

Metapocyrtus sp. 5

Metapocyrtus sp. 6

Metapocyrtus sp. 7

Metapocyrtus sp. 8

Metapocyrtus sp. 9

Metapocyrtus sp. 10

Metapocyrtus sp. 11

Metapocyrtus sp. 12

Metapocyrtus sp. 13

Metapocyrtus sp. 14






CryptorrhynchinaeOdosyllis sp. 1

Odosyllis sp. 2


/

78Technical Report


MossyForest

MontaneForest


Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

DipterocarpForest

Plantationand

DegradedForest

AlmacigaForestEndemic species

Agro-ecosystem

Tragopus sp.

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 1

Calidiopsis sp. 1


EntiminaeSitorini

Eugnathus sp.

Undetermined sp. 1

Undetermined sp. 2

DiapheromeridaeDiapheromeridae sp. 1

Lonchodinae






Undetermined sp. 3

Undetermined sp. 4

Phasamtodea:WALKING STICKS

AschiphasmatidaeAschiphasmatinae

AschiphasmatiniOrthomeria sp. 1

Lonchodinae sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 2

Lonchodes sp. 3

/ /

/

/

/

/ /

/ /

/

/ /

/

/

/

///

/

/

/

/

/


/ /

/ /

/

/ / / /

/ / //

/ /// /

/

/

/

/ /

/ /

/

/

/

/

/


MossyForestEndemic species


/ /

/

17 14 10 15 34 13 8 11 21

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


Forest

MixedDipterocarp

Forest

LowlandDipterocarp

Forest

MixedLowland

DipterocarpForest

Plantationand

DegradedForest

Agro-ecosystem

Asceles sp. 1

TOTAL

Necrosciinae

Necrosciinae sp. 1

Necrosciinae sp. 2

Asceles sp. 2

Marmessoidea sp. 1


Phobaeticus sp. 1

Lepidoptera:BUTTERFLY

Necrosciinae sp. 3

Asceles sp. 3

/ //

/

/ /

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/ /

/

/

/ /

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

Necrosia sp. 1


Obrimini sp. 1

Euobrimus (near)atherura

Euobrimus sp.

Pharnacia sp. 1


Platycraninae sp. 1

PhylliidaePhyllium sp. 1

NymphalidaeParantica dannatti

malindangensis

PieridaeDelias diaphana

basilisae

80Technical Report

Legend:Sites: Forest-ecosystem

1 - North Peak, Mossy Forest 16 - Mamalad, Mixed Dipterocarp Forest2 - Mt. Ginlajan, Mossy Forest 13 - Mialen, Lowland Dipterocarp Forest3 - Mt. Ulohan sa Dapitan, Montane Forest 16a - Mamalad, Lowland Dipterocarp Forest4 - Mt. Pungol, Montane Forest 15 - Toliyok, Mixed Lowland Dipterocarp Forest9 - Old Liboron, Almaciga Forest 11a - Peniel, Plantation and Degraded Forest5 - Mt. Capole, Submontane Dipterocarp Forest 19 - Bunga, Plantation and Degraded Forest11 - Peniel, Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

Appendix Table 24. Mt. Malindang endemic species of arthropod fauna per site in the forest ecosystem.


Alcidodes sp. 1

Alcidodes sp. 2

Coleoptera: BEETLES(Weevils)

ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD 1 32 4 9 5 1611 13 16a 15 11a 19




Metapocyrtus sp. 2

Metapocyrtus sp. 3

Metapocyrtus sp. 4

Metapocyrtus sp. 5

Metapocyrtus sp. 6

Metapocyrtus sp. 7

Metapocyrtus sp. 8

Metapocyrtus sp. 9

Metapocyrtus sp. 10

Metapocyrtus sp. 11

Metapocyrtus sp. 12

Metapocyrtus sp. 13

Metapocyrtus sp. 14



/

/

/

/

/ / /

/

/ /

/

/ / /

/ /

/

/ / /

/

/

/

/

//

/ /

/

/

/ /

/

/

//

/ / /

/

/

/

/

/



ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD 1 32 4 9 5 1611 13 16a 15 11a

CryptorrhynchinaeOdosyllis sp. 1

Odosyllis sp. 2

Tragopus sp.

Calidiopsis sp. 1







Undetermined sp. 1

Undetermined sp. 2

Undetermined sp. 3

Undetermined sp. 4

Phasmatodea:WALKING STICKS







EntiminaeSitorini

Eugnathus sp.




Lonchodinae

/

/

/

/

/

/ / / /

//

/

/

/

/ /

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/ /

////

///

/

19

/

/

82Technical Report


ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD 1 32 4 9 5 1611 13 16a 15 11a 19

Necrosciinae

Necrosciinae sp. 1

Necrosciinae sp. 2

Necrosciinae sp. 3

Asceles sp. 1

Asceles sp. 2

Asceles sp. 3

Marmessoidea sp. 1

Necrosia sp. 1

Pharnacia sp. 1

Lonchodini sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 2

Lonchodes sp. 3


Obrimini sp. 1


/

/ /

/


Euobrimus sp.


Phobaeticus sp. 1


Platycraninae sp. 1

Lepidoptera: BUTTERFLY

NymphalidaeParantica dannattimalindangensis

PieridaeDelias diaphanabasilisae

/ /

/

/

// /

/

/ /

/ /

/ / /

/ / /

/

/

//

//

/

/ /

/

/

/

/

/ /

/ / /

/

/

/

/

TOTAL 149 11 7 1410 30 8 13 0 9 8 3

/

/

/ /


6 - Lake Duminagat, Vegetable 12a - Peniel, Cereals7 - Gandawan, Vegetable 18 - Mamalad, Cereals8 - Mansawan, Vegetable 14b - Mialen, Agroforestry10 - Sebucal, Vegetable 17a - Toliyok, Agroforestry14 - Mialen, Vegetable 20 - Bunga, Agroforestry12 - Peniel, Vegetable 6a - Lake Duminagat, Grass-dominated fallowed areas10a - Sebucal, Cereals 7a - Gandawan, Grass-dominated fallowed areas14a - Mialen, Cereals 8a - Mansawan Grass-dominated fallowed areas17 - Toliyok, Cereals 10b - Sebucal, Grass-dominated fallowed areas

12b - Peniel, Grass-dominated fallowed areas

Legend:Sites: Agroecosystem

Appendix Table 25. Mt. Malindang endemic species of arthropod fauna per site in the agroecosystem.

ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD

Coleoptera: BEETLES (Weevils)


Alcidodes sp. 1

Alcidodes sp. 2

RhynchophorinaeRynchophorinae sp. 1


PachyrrhynchinaeMetapocyrtus sp. 1

Metapocyrtus sp. 2

Metapocyrtus sp. 3

Metapocyrtus sp. 4

Metapocyrtus sp. 5

Metapocyrtus sp. 6

Metapocyrtus sp. 7

Metapocyrtus sp. 8

Metapocyrtus sp. 9

Metapocyrtus sp. 10

6 7 8 10 14 12 10a 14a 17 12a 18 14b 17a 20

/

/

/ /

/

/

6a 7a 8a 10b 12b

84Technical Report


ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD 6 7 8 10 14 12 10a 14a 17 12a 18 14b 17a 20 6a 7a 8a 10b 12b

Metapocyrtus sp. 11

Metapocyrtus sp. 12

Metapocyrtus sp. 13

Metapocyrtus sp. 14







/

/

Cryptorrynchinae Odosyllis sp. 1

Odosyllis sp. 2

Tragopus sp.

Calidiopsis sp. 1







/

/

Hylobiinae Paepalosomus sp.

Zygopinae Nauphaeus sp.

EntiminaeSitorini

Eugnathus sp.

Undetermined sp. 1

Undetermined sp. 2

Undetermined sp. 3

Undetermined sp. 4

/

//

/

/ / / /

/

//

/ //

/ /

/

/

/

/

/

///

/



ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD 6 7 8 10 14 12 10a 14a 17 12a 18 14b 17a 20 6a

/

/

Phasamtodea:WALKING STICKS




Lonchodinae

Lonchodes sp. 1

Lonchodini sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 2

Lonchodes sp. 3

Necrosciinae

Necrosciinae sp. 1

Necrosciinae sp. 2

Necrosciinae sp. 3

Asceles sp. 1

Asceles sp. 2

Asceles sp. 3

Marmessoidea sp. 1

Necrosia sp. 1


Obrimini sp. 1Euobrimus (near)atherura

Euobrimus sp.

Phasmatidae Pharnaciini

Phobaeticus sp. 1

/

/

7a 8a 10b 12b

86Technical Report

TOTAL


ENDEMIC ARTHROPOD 6 7 8 10 14 12 10a 14a 17 12a 18 14b 17a 20 6a 7a 8a 10b 12b

Pharnacia sp. 1


Platycraninae sp. 1


Lepidoptera: BUTTERFLY

NymphalidaeParantica dannatti

malindangensis

PieridaeDelias diaphana

basilisae

25 08 60 12 11 02 01 23 12 2


Metapocyrtus sp. 13 Kayupo LagwisFernCassava

Medinilla clementisSyngrame sp.Manihot esculenta

Appendix Table 26. Mt. Malindang endemic arthropods and their associated host plants.

* - identified both endemic and threatened host plants by the BRP flora study

** - identified endemic host plants by the BRP flora study

Legend :

COLEOPTERACurculionidae

GymnetrinaeAlcidodes sp. 1

Alcidodes sp. 2


Rhynchophorinae sp. 2


Metapocyrtus sp. 2

Metapocyrtus sp. 3

Metapocyrtus sp. 4

Metapocyrtus sp. 5

Metapocyrtus sp. 6

Metapocyrtus sp. 7

Metapocyrtus sp. 8

Metapocyrtus sp. 9

Metapocyrtus sp. 10

Metapocyrtus sp. 11

Metapocyrtus sp. 12 BabasaTambal hiloKayupo lagwisBabakag

Baho-bahoCamotePusawSalumay

Bogang

Bintuko

BugangHantutungaw

Payaw

Kumpay

KarupayBabakag

Pulayo pulaDanlugan

Agik-ik

SalawagMani-mani

Ulingon

TagibokbokPandanCamote

Sapium luzonicumIpomoea batatasHomalomena sp.Macaranga dipterocarpifolia*

Cyperus sp.

Cyperus sp.

Decaspernum fruticosum

Melicope monophylla

Astrocalyx calycina

Callocasia sp.

Pinanga insignisAscarina philippinensis

Syzygium sp.Shorea contorta*

Monophrynium faciculatum

Mastixia premnoidesPandanus sp.Ipomoea batatas

Polyosma philippinensisDrymis piperitaMedinilla clementisAscarina philippinensis

MMRNPEndemic Arthropod Local name Scientific name

Associated Host Plants

88 Technical Report



Schefflera alverezii**Robus sp.Syzygium hutchinsoniiCommelina sp.

Astrocalyx calycina**

Drymis piperitaCyathea apoensisSaurauria latiflora

Dacrycarpus cumingiiClethra lancifolia

Syzygium hutchinsoniiCyathea apoensis**Swietenia macropphylla

Elaeocarpus calomelaCyrtandra umbellifera**Pinanga insignis**Sechium edule**Impatiens montalbanica**

Gardenia longiflora**

Cyrtandra cumingii**


Metapocyrtus sp. 14


Cryptorrhynchinae Odosyllis sp. 1

BabateLalago pinoKarupayChayoteSilangka

Ulingon

Tatanak



Pachyrrhynchus sp. 2 LalambingLumbilanDila-dila

Elatostema sp.Leucosyke capitellata

Lalago dako

Pachyrrhynchus sp. 4 Tambis-tambisPako-pako

Undetermined sp.

Pachyrrhynchus sp. 5 PulayoGantawMahogany


Odosyllis sp. 2 Payaw Callocasia sp.

Tragopus sp. Tambal hiloGantawBalangong

lagwisIgemSakam


TinapalisPako-pako

Pinanga sp.Calidiopsis sp. 1

Hantutungaw

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 2 TagimaSambinitPulayoBali-batang

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 3 BabateCassavaKayupo lagwis

Elaeocarpus calomelaManihot esculentaMedinilla clementis

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 4 BogangGabiMani-mani

Cyperus sp.Colocasia esculenta


Asarina philippinensis**Cypholophus moluccanus

Cinnamomum mercadoi*Cyrtandra umbellifera**

Shorea contorta

Colocasia esculentaDioscorea alataSaurauria latiflora**


Otiorrhynchinae sp. 5 PotatoBogang

Solanum tuberosumCyperus sp.

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 6 PapagaCamoteTagbak

Rapanea avenisIpomoea batatasKalowratia elegans


Pandan Pandanus sp.


Marang Artocarpus oclorratissimus

EntiminaeSitorini

Eugnathus sp.

Undetermined sp. 1 GabiUbeBalangong

Undetermined sp. 2 BeansBolokawe

Glycine maxSchitochium diffusum

Undetermined sp. 3 PayawBugang

Callocasia sp.Cyperus sp.

Undetermined sp. 4 Rice Oryza sativa

PHASMATODEAAschiphasmatidae

Aschiphasmatinae Aschiphasmatini Orthomeria sp. 1

KalingagLalago pinoSalawagDanlugan


Pandanus sp.

Cyathea apoensis

PandanPayawGantaw

Lonchodinae

Lonchodini sp. 1



Lonchodes sp. 1 BabakagBulaseLagundi

Lonchodes sp. 2 Homalomena sp.Callocasia sp.Viburnum sp.

PusawPayawBaho-baho

90 Technical Report

Ascarina philippinensis**

Cyrtandra cumingii

Elaeocarpus calomala (Bl.) Merr.Cyathea apoensis**

Pinanga insignis**Freycinetia multiflora Merr.**Callocasia sp.Ascarina philippinensis**

Cyathea apoensis**Saurauia fasciculifera


Lonchodes sp. 3 PalomariaTumatingBuyo-buyo

GantawBalangong-lagwis

Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.Anisoptera thurifera spp. thuriferaPiper catubiguensis**

Necrosciinae KarupayBaraasPayawBabakag

Necrosciinae sp. 1 BabateGantaw

Necrosciinae sp. 2 Lukdo-lukdo

Necrosciinae sp. 3 Tubog Ficus latsoni

Asceles sp. 1

Asceles sp. 2

Asceles sp. 3 Salawag

Marmessoidea sp. 1 Balagon

Necrosia sp. 1


Obrimini sp. 1


Euobrimus sp. 1 BabakagKupong-kupongLalago dako


Phobaeticus sp. 1 Pulayo Syzgium hutchinsonii

Pharnacia ?? sp. 1

BaculiniBaculum sp. 1 Pandan Pandanus sp.



Platycraninae sp. 1

PhylliidaePhylliini

Phyllium sp.1 Pako-pako

LEPIDOPTERANymphalidae

Parantica dannattimalindangensisYamamoto & Takei

Tagbak Kalowratia elegans

Bulase Cypholophus moluccanusPieridaeCatopsilia scylla asema

Standinger


Appendix Table 27. Distribution range and associated host plants of Odonata species in Mt. MalindangRange Natural Park (MMRNP).

Odonata Anisoptera Aeshnidae

Tetracanthagynasp. nr. brunneaMaclachlan

CorduliidaeHeteronaiasheterodoxa (Selys)

GomphidaeHeliogomphusbakeri Laidlaw

LibellulidaeCrocothemisservilia (Drury)Diplacina braueri(Selys)Diplacodes trivialis(Rambur)Nannophya pygmaea

RamburNeurothemis ramburii

(Brauer)Neurothemis terminata

RisOrthetrum pruinosumclelia (Selys)

Orthetrum sabina(Drury)Pantala flavescens(Fabricius)Rhyothemis sp.Trithemis aurora(Burmeister)Trithemis festiva(Rambur)

Zygoptera Amphipterygidae

Devadattapodolestoidesbasilanensis Laidlaw

CalopterygidaeVestalis melania Selys

ChlorocyphidaeCyrano angustiorHämäläinenRhinocyphadorsosanguineaLieftinckRhinocypha turconiiSelys

BabatePulayoLakno

Hagnaya

Weeds

Sakanwayan

LalagoNato

Bolukawe

Bugang

Elaeocarpus calomala (Bl.) Merr.Syzygium sp. 1Asplenium militare

Aeschyandra sp.Palaquim luzoniense

Schitochium diffusum

Cyperus sp.

Malaysia; Thailand;Palawan; Mindanao(endemic)

Philippine endemic

Philippine endemic (excl.Palawan and Sulu)

Ethiopian; Palaearctic;Oriental (widespread)Philippine endemic (excl.Palawan)Palaearctic; Oriental;N. Guinea; S. PacificOriental; Japan; NewGuinea; AustraliaSoutheast Asia

Southeast Asia; Japan

Subspecies(Indonesia; Philippines;Taiwan)Palaearctic; Oriental;New GuineaCircumtropical

For species IDOriental; Japan

Palaearctic; Oriental;Irian Jaya

Mindanao (subspeciesendemic)

Philippine endemic (excl.Palawan and W. Visayas)

Mindanao (endemic)

Mindanao (endemic)

Philippines (endemic)excl. Mindoro; Palawan;W. Visayas; Sulu

Species DistributionRange


Local Name Scientific Name

92 Technical Report

Salawag


CoenagrionidaePseudagrionpilidorsum (Brauer)Pseudagrion sp.

EuphaeidaeEuphaea amphicyanaRis

PlatycnemididaeCoeliccia dinocerasLaidlawRisiocnemis (R.)appendiculata (Brauer)Risiocnemis(Igneocnemis)flammea (Selys)

Risiocnemis (Igneocnemis) sp.Protoneuridae

Prodasineura integra




China; Taiwan; Japan;Philippines (widespread)For species ID

Mindanao to EasternVisayas (endemic)

Mindanao to EasternVisayas (endemic)Mindanao to EasternVisayas (endemic)Mindanao to EasternVisayas (endemic)

For species ID

Philippine endemic

Appendix Table 28. Distribution range and associated host plants of Ephemeroptera species inMt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Ephemeroptera TagimaBusyongHagonoyHantutungawLubi-lubi

Schefflera alvereziiFicus notaDiplazium sp.Astrocalyx calycina (Vidal) Merr





Appendix Table 29. Distribution range and associated host plants of Blattodea species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

BLATTODEA Blaberidae Sp. 1

Blattidae Sp. 1

Sp. 2 Cryptoceridae Sp. 1

Undetermined Sp. 1 Sp. 2

Sp. 3 Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Sp. 6 Sp. 7 Sp. 8

TagilumboyBabakagPandanBananaLagnobCoconut

PulayoLalamboCamoteCorn

KarupayLikwayKanding-kandingManga-manga

Tambok-tambok

LabidPapagaBaraas

Syzygium sp.Justicia sp.Pandanus sp. 1Musa sapientumFicus septica Burm. FCocos nucifera

Syzgium sp.

Ipoemea batatasZea mays

Pinanga philippinensis Becc.Procris sp.

Elaeagnus sp.

Crassocephalum crepidioides(Benth.) S. MoorePhilodendron eichleriArdisia sp.Freycinetia multiflora Merr.




Appendix Table 30. Distribution range and associated host plants of Dermaptera species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

DERMAPTERA Carcinophoridae Sp. 1 Labiidae Sp. 1 Latipo

BabateMedinella malindangensisElaeocarpus calomala (Bl.)Merr




94 Technical Report

OrthopteraAcrididae

CatontopinaeStenocatantopsspendens (Thunberg)

CatantopinaeMelicodes tenebrosa

(Walker) Undetermined sp. 1

OedipodinaeAiolopus thalassinustamulus (Fabr.)

Heteropternisrespondens

OxyinaeGesonula mundata

zonocera (Navas)

Oxya hyla intricata (Stal)

CatantopinaeCranaella sp.Gelastorhinus sp.?

Undetermined sp. 1Undetermined sp. 2

GryllacridinaeUndetermined sp. 1Undetermined sp. 2

GryllidaeParanisitra sp. 1

Eneopterinae sp. 1

South to SoutheastAsia

Philippine endemicFor species ID

Oriental region;New South Wales

Oriental; S. China; S.Japan

Sub species Palawan;Mindanao; Leyte;LuzonSoutheast Asia

For species IDFor species ID

For species IDFor species ID

TilapyaMagamatongHagonoy

GabiCamoteHantutungawMagamatongPusawTungaw-tungaw

BaleteGuma-guma

PusawGabiCornKalabasaRice

Dila-dilaTatanak

Camote

PusawKanaka

LagundiIgemTambok-tambokSayoteLaberayManga-mangaSalumayLakatanMaisBabasaMacaringanTagobahiLagnob

Neolitsea vidalli Merr.

Colocasia esculentaIpomea batatasAstrocalyx calycina (Vidal)Neolitsea vidalli Merr.Homalomena sp.Astronia cumingiana Vid. var.cumingianaFicus sp.

Homalomena sp.Colocasia esculentaZea maysCucurbita maximaOryza sativa

Ficus botryocarpa Mig. varbotryocarpaIpomea batatas

Homalomena sp.

Elmerillia platyphyllaDacrycarpus cumingiiCrassocephalum crepidioides(Benth.) S. MooreSechium eduleAlstonia macrophyllaElaeagnus sp.Macaranga cf. coniferaPaspalum sp.Zea maysPolyosma cyanea Elm.Phyllocladus hypophyllusDecaspernum sp.Ficus septica Burm. F.

Appendix Table 31. Distribution range and associated host plants of Orthoptera species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).






Astrocalyx calycina (Vidal)Merr.Imperata cylindrica (l.) P.Beauv.Homalomena sp.Asplenium militareSchitochium diffusumMonophrynium faciculatum

Schefflera odorata (Blco.) Merr.& Rolfe

Shorea contorta

Kolowratia elegansPandanus sp.Cyperus sp.Diplazium sp.Justicia sp.Callocasia sp.

Colocasia esculentaBrassica campestrisIpomea batatasOryza sativa

Impatiens montalbanica Hook

Lithocarpus sp.Impatiens montalbanica HookAnisoptera thurifera spp.thuriferaBegonia copelandii

Freycinetia multiflora Merr.Shorea sp.

Zea maysOryza sativa

Cyrtandra parviflora Merr.

Saurauia fasciculifera

Hantutungaw

BagwasCogonPusawLaknoBolukaweAgik-ikNitoTagima

Lukdo-lukdoDanluganBalagonTagbakPandanBusikadHagonoyBabakagPayaw

GabiPechayCamoteHumay

SilangkaMolaveGulayanSilangkaTomating

MamangpangLukdo-lukdoBaraasLawaan

Pako-pakoMaisHumay

KumpaySalisip

Balangong lagwisGuma-guma

Southeast Asia;S. China

Philippine endemic

Mindanao (endemic)

For species ID

Mindanao(Surigao)(endemic)For species ID

Ceram; Philippines

Mindanao (endemic)

Mindanao (endemic)

Eneopterinae sp. 2

Eneopterinae sp. 3

TrigonidinaeUndetermined sp. 1

PyrgomorphidaeAtractomorphapsittacina (de Haan)

TetrigidaeDiotarus verrucifer Stal

Misythus sp. nr. jubatus Hebard

Scelimena sp.

TettigoniidaeConocephalinae

Anthracites sp. nr.major Hebard

Conocephalus sp.

LitroscelinaeHexacentrus mundus

(Walker)Meconematinae

Xiphidiopsisdrepanophora HebardXiphidiopsis gemmiculaHebard




96 Technical Report

MecopodinaeMecapoda elongata(Linnaeus)

Segestes sp. nr.vittaticeps Stal

PhaneropterinaeDucetia japonica(Thunberg)

Elimea bakeri Hebard

Phaneroptera furcifera

Furnia sp. nr.

PseudophyllinaeMorsimus sp. nr.serratus BeierPhyllominus sp. nr.acutipennis BrunnerV. W.Tympanoptera sp. nr.philippina (Hebard)

TrigonopterygidaeSystella philippinensis(Walker)

China; Japan;Taiwan; Philippines;Vietnam; India;Malacca; Sundaislands; Moluccas;Sulawesi; Buru;Aru; New Guinea; EastAustraliaPhilippines (endemic)

Japan;Philippines

Indomalayan

Philippines(Manila, Malindang)

Mindanao(endemic)

Sulu; Mindanao(endemic)Philippines

Mindanao; Luzon(Phil. endemic)

Mindanao; Bohol;Leyte; Siargao(endemic)

TagbakBusikadTinapalis

TinapalisGabiTambok-tambokLalamboKanakaGapas-gapasSubing-diwataLagitlitBaraasBabakagTatanak

Kaliskis ahasLakatan

BanisilKKarupayUbeBali-batangHagonoyBolukawe

Lukdo-lukdoPako-pako

Kalowratia elegansCyperus sp.Pinanga sp.

Pinanga sp.Colocasia esculentaCrassocephalum crepidiodes

Podocarpus neriifolius D. DonOplismenus sp.Freycinetia multiflora Merr.Justicia sp.Ficus botryocarpa Mig. varbotryocarpa

Pasapalum conjugatum

Psychotria sp.Pinanga sp.Dioscorea alataCommelina sp.Diplazium sp.Schitochium diffusum






Appendix Table 32. Distribution range and associated host plants of Phasmatodea species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


AschiphasmatinaeAschphasmatini

Orthomeria sp. 1


LonchodinaeLonchodini sp. 1Lonchodes sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 2

Lonchodes sp. 3

Necrosciinae

Necrosciinae sp. 1

Necrosciinae sp. 2Necrosciinae sp. 3Asceles sp. 1Asceles sp. 2Asceles sp. 3Marmessoidea sp. 1Necrosia sp. 1


Obrimini sp. 1

Euobrimus (near)atheruraEuobrimus sp.


Phobaeticus sp. 1Pharnacia ?? sp. 1

BaculiniBaculum sp. 1Platycraninae sp. 1

PhylliidaePhylliini

Phyllium sp. 1

PandanPayawGantawKalingagLalago pinoSalawagDanlugan

BabakagBulaseLagundiPusawPayawBaho-bahoPalomariaTumating

Buyo-buyoKarupayBaraasPayawBabakagBabate

GantawLukdo-lukdoTubog

SalawagBalagon

GantawBalangong-lagwis

BabakagKupong-kupongLalago dako

Pulayo

Pandan

Pako-pako

Pandanus sp.

Cyathea apoensisCinnamomum mercadoiCyrtandra umbellifera

Shorea contorta

Ascarina philippinensisCypholophus moluccanus

Homalomena sp.Callocasia sp.Viburnum sp.Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.Anisoptera thurifera spp.thuriferaPiper catubiguensisPinanga insignisFreycinetia multifloraCallocasia sp.Ascarina philippinensisElaeocarpus calomala (Bl.) Merr.Cyathea apoensis

Ficus latsoni

Cyathea apoensisSaurauia fasciculifera

Ascarina philippinensis

Cyrtandra cumingii

Syzgium hutchinsonii

Pandanus sp.




98 Technical Report

Appendix Table 33. Distribution range and associated host plants of Mantodea species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

MANTODEAMantidae

Hierodula sp.

DeroplatyinaeSp. 1Sp. 2Sp. 3Sp. 4Sp. 5Sp. 6Sp. 7Sp. 8Sp. 9Sp. 10Sp. 11

BaraasLagnobPusawPusaw

DanluganTalisay

BaraasOwayPandan

Freycinetia multiflora Merr.Ficus septica Burm. F.Homalomena sp.Homalomena sp.

Shorea contortaBaccaurea sp.

Freycinetia multiflora Merr.Calamus ornatusPandanus sp.





Appendix Table 34. Distribution range and associated host plants of Hemiptera species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

HEMIPTERA Heteroptera Acanthosomatidae Sastragala sp. Alydidae Noliphus spinosus Ahmad

Riptortus linearis ?? Aradidae

Sp. 1

ColobathristidaePhaenacantha sp.

sp. 1 Coreidae

Anoplocnemisphasiana Fabr.Colpura obscuricornis

Dindymus mundus Stal

Homoeocerusimmaculatus StalPrionolomia expansaStal

CydnidaeMacroscytussubaeneus Stal

EnicocephalidaeSp. 1

Notonectidae Enithares sp. Lygaeidae

Faelicianus sp.Metochus uniguttatus(Thunberg)

Nysius caledoniae Distant

Nysius vinitor Bergroth

Paraeucosmetus sp.

Paraeucosmetuspallicornis (Dallas)Paraeucosmetusmalayus (Stal)

Bonot-bonot

Gabi

GantawLakno

PulayoBali-batangKumpay

SakamBentangolDila-dilaMani-maniBabasaPayaw

PusawPandan

KarupayCabbageKarupayBabakag

PusawKarupayKanding-kandingSalapidSalawagUbeCornHantutungawLukdo-lukdoTilapyaCogon

Mani-mani

Colocasia esculenta

Cyathea apoensisHymenophyllum emarginatumSyzygium hutchinsoniiCommelina sp.

Clethra lancifoliaCallophyllum sp.

Polyosma cyanea Elm.Callocasia sp.

Homalomena sp.Pandanus sp.

Pinanga philippinensis Becc.Brassica sp.Pinanga philippinensis Becc.Justicia sp.

Homalomena sp.Pinanga philippinensis Becc.

Dendrobium sp.

Dioscorea alataZea maysAstrocalyx calycina (Vidal) Merr.

Imperata cylindrica




100 Technical Report

Miridae Cyrtopeltis tenius

Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Sp. 6 Sp. 7 Sp. 8Miridae on MelastomaPentatomidae Alcimocoris lineolatus (Dallas) Carbula trabifera Breddin Dalsira marginata Amyot & Serville Hoplistodera convexa (Dallas) Plautia sp. 1

Sepontia sp. Tolumnia trinotata (Westwood) Vitellus sp.Platispidae Brachyplatys daplanatus (Eschscholtz) Coptosoma sp. 1 Coptosoma sp. 2Reduviidae Euagoras sp. 1

Ischnobaenamecarrima Stal

Gardena melinarthumDohrn

PangnanSinaw-sinawGabiBaho-bahoLakatanOnionGuma-gumaCabbageLikwayGabiSayoteBali-batangBanitlongGantawBulaseMaisMango

Hantutungaw

KalabasaTilapyaPakong kalabaw

BabakagAvocadoHagonoy

Pandan

Hagnaya

GabiCamoteSayotePusawMolaveDurianPusawGapas-gapasLawagAgik-ikRed lawaanLukdo-lukdoMais

Lithocarpus sulitiiGomphrena sp.Colocasia esculentaViburnum sp.Pasaplum conjugastumAllium cepa

Brassica sp.Aloelmoschus moschantusColocaisa esculentaSechium eduleCommelina sp.

Cyathea brevipesCypholophus moluccanusZea maysMangifera indica

Astrocalyx calycina (Vidal)

Cucurbita maximaPasapalum sp.

Justicia sp.Persea americanaDiplazium sp.






Euagoras plagietus Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3 Sirthenea sp.

Neoscadra sp. Veleda brevispina Nabidae Sp. 1 Sp. 2 Tessaratomidae Pygoplatys sp. Undetermined Sp. 1

Sp. 2 Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5

Sp. 6HOMOPTERA Achilidae Sp. 1 Sp. 2 Aphididae Sp. 1 Sp. 2 Sp. 3 Aphrophoridae Perinoia sp. Cercopidae Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

SalawagManga-mangaPandanBugangAgutayHagimit

Mais

KanakaBali-batangGabi-gabiButitayGabiTulanmokDil-dilaBino-binoMani-maniGabiSibuyasGapas-gapasPusawFernMani-maniLakatan

BabasaSalisip

Muti-mutiLukdo-lukdoManga-manga

BabakagSilangkaKalingagButitayPolayoGantawBaraasPolayoPandanMolave

Elaeagnus sp.Pandnus sp.Cyperus sp.

Ficus minahasse (Teijsn. & devr.) Mig.Zea mays

Eurya sp.Colocasia sp.Commelina sp.Selaginella philippinaColocasia esculentaChionanthus sp.

Polygala paniculatum

Colocasia esculentaAllium cepa

Homalomena sp.

Paspalum conjugatum

Polyosma cyanea Elm.Cyrtandra parviflora Merr.

Elaeagnus sp.

Justicia sp.Impatiens montalbanica HookCinnamomum mercadoi

Syzygium sp.Cyathea apoensisFreycinetia multiflora Merr.Syzygium sp.Pandanus sp.





Philippine endemic


Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Sp. 6 Sp. 7

Sp. 8 Cicadellidae Bothrogonia sp.

Cofana spectra Nephotettix nigropectus Nephotettix virescence Nirvana sp.

Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5

Sp. 6

Sp. 7 Sp. 8 Sp. 9

PusawLagnobBagnayTinapalisTagobahiFernBabakagPusawLaknoKarupaySakamLalagoBintokoLaberay

Rice

RiceBanisilSilangkaTagima

Dila-dilaTilapyaLagitlitLimbas-limbasTagima

BugangPangnanTilapyaDila-dilaSilangkaPusawCabbageBali-batangLakatanBino-binoKanding-kandingKarupayBabasaCarrotsSalapidButitayBaraasGantawPulayoMalabagoTambal-hiloGulayanOwayTagbakRiceRiceRice

Homalomena sp.Ficus septica Burm. F.

Pinanga sp.Decaspernum sp.Diplazium sp.Justicia sp.Homalomena sp.Pinanga philippinensis Becc.Pinanga insignisAeschyandra sp.Melicope acuminata Merr.Melicope confuseAlstonia macrophylla

Oryza sativa

Oryza sativaPsychotria sp.Impatiens montalbanica HookSchefflera odorata (Blco.) Merr.& Rolfe

Oplismenus sp.Dianellia insignisSchefflera odorata (Blco.) Merr.& RolfeCyperus sp.

Impatiens montalbanica HookHomalomena sp.Brassica sp.Commelina sp.Paspalum conjugatumPolygala paniculatumLantana camaraPinanga philippinensis Becc.Polyosma cyanea Elm.Daucus carotaDendrobium sp.

Ficus negrosensis Merr.Cyathea apoensisSyzygium hutchinsoniiWeinmania sp.Drymis piperitaLithocarpus sp.Calamus ornatusKalowratia elegansOryza sativaOryza sativaOryza sativa






Cyathea brevipes

Syzygium sp.Melicope monophylla

Palaquim luzoniense

Marratia pellucidaDrymis piperitaShorea mindanensis

Drymis piperita

Sapindus saponaria L.

Cypholophus moluccanus (Bl.)Mig.Ficus nota

Cyathea apoensisPhyllocladus hypophyllus

Colocasia esculentaPaspalum conjugatum

Gomphrena sp.Rapanea sp.Aeschyandra sp.Melicope monophylla

Colocasia esculenta

Melicope monophyllaPandanus sp.Callocasia sp.

Pandanus sp.Oplismenus sp.Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.

Gantaw

Pulayo pulaBintuko

Nato

MagalablabTambal-hiloDanlugan

Tambal hilo

Lalaping

Bulase

BusyongLukdo-lukdoGantawMacarningan

Lukdo-lukdoKumpayGabiLakatan

Sinaw-sinawPapagaLalagoBintuko

Gabi

BintukoPandanPayawApatot

PandanLagitlitBitanghol

Sp. 10 Sp. 11 Sp. 12 Cicadidae Sp. 1 Sp. 2

Sp. 3 Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Sp. 6 Cixiidae Sp. 1

Sp. 2 Sp. 3 Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Sp. 6 Sp. 7 Sp. 8 Sp. 9 Derbidae Proutista moesta (Westwood) Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3 Delphacidae Sp. 1 Sp. 2

Flatidae Sp. 1

Sp. 2 Sp. 3 Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Issidae Hemisphaeriuns sp.

Sp. 1 Sp. 2

Sp. 3






Sp. 4 Sp. 5 Sp. 6 Sp. 7 Sp. 8 Sp. 9 Sp. 10 Lophopidae Serida latens (Walker) Meenoplidae Nisia sp.

Sp. 1

Membracidae Emphusis bakeri Funkhouser Gargara sp. 1 Gargara sp. 2 Gargara sp. 3 Tropiduchidae Sp. 1 Sp. 2 Sp. 3 Undetermined Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5 Sp. 6

Sp. 7

Sp. 8

Sp. 9

Sp. 10

Sp. 11 Sp. 12

White flower

Atay-atayLalagoBabakagRiceGabiOnion

CamoteWild strawberryBayanti

PayawBangnayKumpayBino-binoSalawagBosyongGantawMagalablabDanluganAgik-ikPandanManga-mangaBangnayPandanBulokaweManga mangaAgik-ikPusawButitay

Butitay

Hagonoy

Dendrochilum sp.

Clerodendrum sp.Aeschyandra sp.Ascarina philippinensisOryza sativaColocasia esculentaAllium cepa

Ipomea batatasCristella sp.Homalanthus poulneus pax var.laeuisCallocasia sp.Selaginella sp.

Polygala paniculatum

Ficus notaCyathea apoensisMarratia pellucidaShorea contortaMonophrynium faciculatumPandanus sp.Elaeagnus sp.Selaginella sp.Pandanus sp.Schitochium diffusumEleagnus sp.Monophrynium faciculatumHomalomena sp.Diplaziopsis javanica (Bl.)Christen

Diplaziopsis javanica (Bl.)ChristenDiplazium sp.





Mindanao endemic



Sp. 13

Sp. 14 Sp. 15

Sp. 16 Sp. 17

PayawCoconutPusawPayawAgik-ikDaat

TagbakPayawGantaw




Callocasia sp.Cocos nuciferaHomalomena sp.Callocasia sp.Monophrynium faciculatumScleria scrobiculata Ness & Mey.ex NessKalowratia elegansCallocasia sp.Cyathea apoensis

Appendix Table 35. Distribution range and associated host plants of Neuroptera species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

NEUROPTERA Chrysopidae Sp. 1

Hemerobiidae Sp. 1

BabasaOnion

SalumayMagalablabLaknoCogon

Polyosma philippinensis Merr.Allium cepa

Macaranga cf. coniferaMarratia pellucidaHymenophyllum emarginatumImperata cylindrica







COLEOPTERA Anthribidae

Xenocerus striatusJordan

Brenthidae Apioninae

Sp. 1Sp. 2

CantharidaeSp. 1

CarabidaeSp. 1

Sp. 2Sp. 3Sp. 4Sp. 5

Cerambycidae Cerambycinae

DemonaxsulfurisignatusHudepohlNupserha sp. 1

LamiinaeAgapanthini

Sp. 1

Asthates sp.

Pelargoderus nearalcanor NewmanEpepeotes sp. 1Epepeotes sp. 2

Epepeotes sp. 3Mimoplacia sp.Cereopsius sp.Cleptometopus sp.

Glenea beatrix

Mimoplaciadiversenotata vonBreuningPhelipara sp.

PrioninaeMegopis lumawigi

MagalablabCamote

Pisaw pisawCamoteOnion

PandanPusawMangume

TagibokbokPako-pako

CamoteGabiButitayTalipasoPusawMagulemonLaknoCamoteLakatan

PusawTan-agiliLawaan

BalagonFernBabakagGalang nunok

LigadSabon-sabonPayawBalete

GantawBaraas

Lagnob

Gantaw

Marratia pellucidaIpomea batatas

Ipomea batatasAllium cepa

Pandanus sp.Homalomena sp.

Mastixia premnoides

Ipomea batatasColocasia esculentaDiplaziopsis javanicaTrichosporum sp.Homalomena sp.Dioscorea sp.Hymenophyllum emarginatumIpomea batatasPaspalum conjugatum

Homalomena sp.

Pteris sp.Ascarina philippinensisFicus binnendykii Miq. var.coriacea CornerRhodomyrtus sp.Gordonia luzonica Vid.Callocasia sp.Ficus sp.

Cyathea apoensisFreycinetia multiflora Merr.

Ficus septica var septicaBurm. F.Cyathea apoensis

Appendix Table 36. Distribution range and associated host plants of Coleoptera species in Mt.Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Mindanao endemic

Luzon, Mindanao newrecord

Mindanao endemic

Mindanao

Mindanao

Mindanao endemic

Luzon, Mindanao



Undetermined Sp. 1

Undetermined Sp. 2Undetermined Sp. 3

Undetermined Sp. 4

ChrysomelidaeAlticinae

Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5

Sp. 6

Sp. 7Sp. 8

Sp. 9Sp. 10Sp. 11Sp. 12

CassidinaeAspidomorphamiliaris (F.)Cassida sp. 1Cassida sp. 2

Cassida sp. 3

Laccopteraphilippinensis

CryptocephalinaeSp. 1Sp. 2

PalomaryaDanlugan

BabakagHantutungaw

SilangkaFern

BabakagPandanLuy-a–luy-aSilangkaCornOnionVineKarupayLuy-a–luy-aPandanOnionCornTagibokbokSalumayOnionBaho-bahoBali-batangOwayAnesthicia LakatanOnionKapusongHantutungawTalipasoTagbakLukdo-lukdoPapagaPandanMalabagoPusawRice

Sakam

TujabangLakatanGabiCamoteLalikwayCabbageCamoteLalikway

CornSugarcane

Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.Shorea contorta

Ascarina philippinensisAstrocalyx calycina (Vidal) Merr.

Impatiens montalbanica

Ascarina philippinensisPandanus sp.Zingiber sp.Impatiens montalbanica HookZea maysAllium cepaPhilodendron sp.Pinanga philippinensisZingiber sp.Pandanus sp.Allium cepaZea maysMastixia premnoidesMacaranga philippinensisAllium cepaSapium luzonicumCommelina sp.Calamus ornatusPasapalum conjugatumAllium cepaHydangea clinensis MaximAstrocalyx calycina (Vidal) Merr.Trichosporum sp.Kalowratia elegans

Rapanea sp.Pandanus sp.Helicia sp.Homalomena sp.Oryza sativa

Clethra lancifolia

Molinaria capitulataPaspalum conjugatumColocasia esculentaIpomoea batatasProcris sp.Brassica sp.Ipomoea batatasProcris sp.

Zea maysSaccharum officinalis







GalerucinaeAulacophora coffeae

Aulacophora indica

Aulacophora sp. 1

Aulacophora sp. 2

Aulacophora sp. 3

Atrachya sp.

Calomicrus sp.

Liroetiella sp. 1

Liroetiella sp. 2Medythia sp.

Pseudocophora sp. 1Undetermined sp. 1

Undetermined sp. 2

Undetermined sp. 3

Undetermined sp. 4



Undetermined sp. 9

CornLakatanBananaHantutungawBabakagLagundiTapay tapaySquashMagaringanSampinitTapay tapayBaho-bahoCornBaraasMani-maniKarupayHantutungawSalisipCamoteKanakaOnionLagnobLuy-a luy-aCornUbeCamoteFernBabasaTagibokbokPandanUbe

MagalablabLaknoPako-pakoTulay-tulayGabiGantawPako-pakoCornLepataLatepoLukdo-lukdoLagitlitLalikwayHantutungawUbeTagbakCamoteBabakagGantawCornPandanMalabagoTagimaFern

Zea maysPaspalum conjugatumMusa sapientumAstrocalyx calycinaJusticia sp.Elmerilia platyphyllaLasianthus appresifolius SimizuCucurbita maximaPhyllocladus hypophyllus Hook.f.Robus moluccanusLasianthus appresifolius SimizuSapium luzonicumZea maysFreycinitia negrosensis

Pinanga philippinensisAstrocalyx calycinaCyrtandra parviflora Merr.Ipomoea batatasColocasia sp.Allium cepaFicus septica var. septicaZingiber sp.Zea maysDioscorea alataIpomoea batatas

Polyosma philippinensisMastixia premnoidesPandanus sp.Dioscorea alata

Marratia pellucidaHymenophyllum emarginatum

Colocasia esculentaCyathea apoensis

Zea maysDysozylum sp.Medinilia clementis

Oplismenus sp.Procris sp.Astrocalyx calycina (Vidal) Merr.Dioscorea alataKalowratia elegansIpomoea batatasAscarina philippinensisCyathea apoensisZea maysPandanus sp.Pometia pinnataSchefflera sp.








Undetermined sp. 10

Undetermined sp. 11


Undetermined sp. 14Undetermined sp. 15Undetermined sp. 16Undetermined sp. 17Undetermined sp. 18

HispinaeAgonita sp. 1Agonita sp. 2

Anisodera sp.Botryonopa sp.

Calllispa sp.Dactylispa sp.Gonophora sp.Promecotheca sp. 1Promecotheca sp. 2Uroplata sp.

Wallaceana sp.Cicindelidae Cicindelinae

Hepdodonta lumawigiCassolaTherates coracinusErichsonTherates fasciatuspseudolatreillei Horn

CollyrinaeTricondyla(Tricondyla) cyanipeselongata HornCollyris (Neocollyris)affinis Horn

CoccinellidaeCheilomenossexmaculatus F.Coccinellatransversalis F.Coccinella sp. 1Coccinella sp. 2Coccinella sp. 3

Coccinella sp. 4Cryptogonusorbiculus (Gylenlan)Henosipalachna sp.

BugangUbeDanluganTubogLakno

CamoteSilangkaHantutungawHantutungawTagbak

BulokaweKalingag

BaraasMagalablabLalamboMagalablabTambok-tambok

MangagamLukdo-lukdo

ChayoteOtot demonyo

Bal-as

Gabi-gabi

LakatanDila-dila

BabakagLagnobLanutanCornCorn

Cyperus sp.Dioscorea sp.Shorea contortaFicus latsoniHymenophyllum emarginatum

Ipomoea batatasImpatiens montalbanica HookAstrocalyx calycina (Vidal) MerrAstrocalyx calycina (Vidal) MerrKalowratia elegans

Schitochium diffusumCinnamomum mercadoi

Freycinitia negrosensisMarratia pellucida

Marratia pellucidaCrassocephalum crepidioides(Benth.) S. MooreCristella sp.

Sechium eduleLantana camara

Paspalum conjugatum

Ascarina philippinensisFicus septica var. septicaHelicia rigidifloraZea maysZea mays


Philippines(Mindanao)

Philippines(Mindanao, Mindoro)

Philippines(Luzon, Mindanao)

Oriental region, China,Japan


HenosipalachnaboisduvaliHenosepilachnakaszabi (Biel etFürsch)Micraspis sp.Scymnus sp.Undetermined

Curculionidae Gymnetrinae

Alcidodes leucospilusconflexusAlcidodes leucospiluserichsoni HellerAlcidodesmindanaoensisShultzeAlcidodes turpisDuhrnAlcidodes sp. 1

Alcidodes sp. 2Rynchophorinae

Rynchophorinae sp. 1Rhynchophorinaesp. 2

AnthonominaeParimera sp. nr.negrito HellerMegarrhinus curvipesHeller

PachrrynchinaeMetapocyrtus sp. 1Metapocyrtus sp. 2Metapocyrtus sp. 3Metapocyrtus sp. 4Metapocyrtus sp. 5Metapocyrtus sp. 6

Metapocyrtus sp. 7

Metapocyrtus sp. 8Metapocyrtus sp. 9

Metapocyrtus sp. 10Metapocyrtus sp. 11

Metepocyrtus sp. 12

Gantaw

RiceBalangong lagwisPayawLuy-a luy-aBanagLawaanLagnob

Magalablab

Agusahis

Baho-bahoCamotePusawSalumay

Bogang

Hantutungaw

Marang

BintukoBugangHantutungawPayawKumpayKarupay greenBabakagPulayo pulaDanluganAgik-ikSalawagMani-maniUlingonTagibokbokPandanCamoteBabasaTambal hiloKayupo lagwisBabakag

Cyathea apoensis

Oryza sativaSaurauia fasciculiferaCallocasia sp.Zingiber sp.Smilax sp.Shorea contortaFicus septica var. septica

Marratia pellucida

Sapium luzonicumIpomoea batatasHomalomena sp.Macaranga dipterocarpifolia

Cyperus sp.

Astrocalyx calycina

Artocarpus odorratissimus

Leea guineensisCyperus sp.Astrocalyx calycinaCallocasia sp.

Pinanga sp.Ascarina philippinensisSyzygium sp.Shorea contortaMonophrynium faciculatum

Decaspernum fruticosumMastixia premnoidesPandanus sp.Ipomoea batatasPolyosma philippinensisDrymis piperitaMedinilla clementisAscarina philippinensis





Burma; AndamanIslands, Philippines

Philippines

Philippines (Luzon)


Metapocyrtus sp. 13



Pachyrrhynchus sp. 3Pachyrrhynchus sp. 4


Pachyrrhynchus sp. 6Cryptorrhynchinae

Odosyllis sp. 1Odosyllis sp. 2Tragopus sp.

Trigonopteruspaucisquamosus(Heller)Calidiopsis sp. 1

Otiorrhynchinae sp. 1Otiorrhynchinae sp. 2







Entiminae Sitorini

Eugnathus sp.

KayupoLagwisFernCassavaBabateLalagoKarupayChayoteSilangkaLalambingLumbilanDila-dilaLalagoTambis-tambisPako-pakoPulayoGantawMahoganyUlingonTatanak

PayawTambal hiloGantawBalangong lagwisIgemSakamTagilumboyCamoteFernTinapalisPako-pakoHantutungawTagimaSambinitPulayoBali-batangBabateCassavaKayupo lagwisBogangGabiMani-maniPotatoBogangPapagaCamoteTagbak

Pandan

Marang

Medinilla clementis

Syngrame sp.Manihot esculentaElaeocarpus calomelaAeschyandra sp.Pinanga philippinensisSechium eduleImpatiens montalbnicaElatostema sp.Leucosyke capitellata

Aeschyandra sp.

Syzygium hutchinsoniiCyathea apoensisSwietenia macropphyllaDecaspernum fruticosumFicus botryocarpa var.botryocarpaCallocasia sp.Drymis piperitaCyathea apoensisSaurauia fasciculiferaDacrycarpus cumingiiClethra lancifoliaAdinandra robinsoniiIpomoea batatasSyngrame sp.Pinanga sp.

Astrocalyx calycinaSchefflera sp.Robus sp.Syzygium hutchinsoniiCommelina sp.Elaeocarpus calomelaManihot esculentaMedinilla clementisCyperus sp.Colocasia esculenta

Solanum tuberosumCyperus sp.Rapanea avenisIpomoea batatasKalowratia elegans

Pandanus sp.

Artocarpus oclorratissimus






Colocasia esculentaDioscorea alataSaurauia glabrifolia

Glycine maxSchitochium diffusumCallocasia sp.Cyperus sp.Oryza sativa

Cyathea apoensisCucurbita maximaSchitochium diffusum

Clethra lancifoliaSchitochium diffusumFicus sp.

Clethra lancifoliaMedinella clementisCyathea apoensis

Ascarina philippinensisPolygala paniculatumHomalomena sp.Shorea contortaLithocarpus ovalisClethra lancifolia

Callocasia sp.

Pometia pinnataMarratia pellucidaHydragea chinensisSelaginella philippinaImpatiens montalbanicaMelicope monophyllaCyathea apoensisSchefflera alvareziiAscarina philippinensisSchitochium diffusumFreycinitia negrosensisSchitochium diffusumManihot esculentaFicus septica var. septicaOryza sativaPandanus sp.Clausena sp.Carex sp.Syzygium hutchinsoniiFreycinitia negrosensisFicus septica var. septica

GabiUbeBalangongbalhibuonBeansBolokawePayawBugangRice

GantawSquashBolokaweBalatongSakamBolokaweBosyongLukdo-lukdo

SakamKayupo lagwisGantaw

BabakagBino-binoPusawDanluganGulayanSakamLukdo-lukdoPayaw

MalabagoMgalablabSalisipButitaySilangkaBintukoGantawTagimaBabakagBolokaweBaraasBolokaweCassavaLagnobRicePandanByalongAglusayPulayoBaraasLagnob

Undetermined sp. 1

Undetermined sp. 2

Undetermined sp. 3

Undetermined sp. 4 Elateridae

Sp. 1



EucnemidaeSp. 1

EndomychidaeSp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

ErotylidaeSp. 1Sp. 2

LagriidaeSp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5Sp. 6

Sp. 7






LampyridaeSp. 1Sp. 2

Sp. 3Sp. 4Sp. 5

Sp. 6Sp. 7Sp. 8Sp. 9Sp. 10Sp. 11Sp. 12Sp. 13Sp. 14Sp. 15

LucanidaeDorcus sp.Prosopocoilus romeoi

LycidaeSp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3Sp. 4

Sp. 5

Sp. 6

Sp. 7Passalidae

Sp. 1Scarabaeidae

CetoniinaeEuglypta sp.

Taeniodera sp.

Sp. 1Sp. 2Sp. 3Sp. 4Sp. 5Sp. 6Sp. 7





KarupaySalisipLukdo-lukdo

CamoteGantawLalagoKayupo lagwis

Gantaw

TatanakBaleteLagnobBaraasTingbangalanHagonoyLambalongBosyongSambinitBaraasPapagaSakamDapaw-dapawPugahanMagalablabHantutungawPusawHantutungawPandan

TagubaheGantawGantawSalisipTambok-tambok

KarupayTagbak

Pinanga insignisHydragea chinensis

Ipomoea batatasCyathea apoensisAeschyandra sp.Medinilla clementis

Cyathea apoensis

Gardenia longifloraFicus sp.Ficus septica var. septicaFreycinitia negrosensis

Ficus notaRobus sp.Freycinitia negrosensisRapanea avenisClethra lancifolia

Caryota cumingiiMarratia pellucidaAtrocalyx calycinaHomalomena sp.Astrocalyx calycinaPandanus sp.

Decaspernum sp.Cyathea apoensisCyathea apoensisHydragea chinensis

Pinanga insignisKalowratia elegans



MelolonthinaeLeucopholis irrorataLeucopholis sp.Sp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5Tenebrionidae


Sp. 5Sp. 6Sp. 7Sp. 8Sp. 9Sp. 10

TrogossitidaeSp. 1

UndeterminedSp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

Sp. 4

Sp. 5Sp. 6

Sp. 7

Sp. 8

Sp. 9

Sp. 10Sp. 11

Cocos nuciferaEvirittia pulcherimaMarratia pellucidaSelaginella philippinaDimorpanthera apoana

Cocos nucifera

Paspalum conjugatum

Ternstroenia megacarpa Merr.Cyrtandra sp.

Astrocalyx calycinaHomalomena sp.

Freycinitia negrosensisPandanus sp.Lithocarpus philippinensisPiper letrofractum Vahl.Colocasia esculentaPandanus sp.Schitochium diffusumZea maysProcris sp.Cyathea apoensis

Pinanga insignis

Justicia sp.Brassica sp.

Gardenia philippinensisFicus septica var. septica

Pandanus sp.Ascarina philippinensisCyrtandra sp.Freycinitia negrosensisClausena sp.Schitochium diffusum

Ipomoea batatasIpomoea batatas




CoconutTutungawMagalablabButitayBalagonLabanogHagonoyCoconutKalambingCarabao grass

TagilumboyLalago

HantutungawPusaw

Pako-pako

BaraasPandanGulayanBuyo-buyoGabiPandanAgik-ikCornLikwayGantawTapay-tapayBanlo-banloKarupayBugangBabakagCabbageHimbis-himbisTatanakLagnobGusahisPandanBabakagLalagoBaraasByalongBolokaweDila-kandingCamoteCamote



Dila-dilaLaknoTumating

Balangong lagwis

Lawaan

PusawBabakagDila-dilaBaho-baho




Sp. 12Sp. 13

Sp. 14Sp. 15Sp. 16Sp. 17Sp. 18Sp. 19Sp. 20

Plagiogyria glaueaAnisoptera thurifera spp.thuriferaSaurauia fasciculifera

Shorea contorta

Callocasia sp.Ascarina philippinensis

Sapium luzonicum


Appendix Table 37. Distribution range and associated host plants of Diptera species in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

DIPTERAAgromyzidae

GulayanBeans

Lithocarpus sp.Phaseolus lunatus

Homalomena sp.Ascarina philippinensis

Sapium luzonicum

AsilidaeSp. 1

Tagima

Lanuta

Schefflera odorata (Blco.) Merr. &RolfeHelicia rigidiflora

AsilidaeSp. 2

KanakaPako-pako

Collocasia sp.Sp. 3

Yam Dioscorea alata

CulicidaeSp. 1

Tambal hiloPako-pakoBaraas

Drymis piperita

Freycineta negrosesis Merr.

Sp. 2 Bititay Sealaginella philippina

Sp. 3 Bosyong Ficus nota

Sp. 4 Payaw Collocasia sp.

GantawLukdo-lukdoBaraas

Cyathea apoensisPteridium sp.Freycinetia negrosensis Merr.

Sp. 2 Pusaw Homalomena sp.

Sp. 3 Himbis-himbis

Kape-kapeSp. 4

Agik-ik Monophrynium faciculatumDolichopodidaeUndet Sp. 1

HeleomyzidaeSp. 1

Dila-dilaHimbis-himbis

CalliphoridaeSp. 1

MuscidaeSp. 1

Taluma reticulateCyathea apoensisNephrolepis clementis

Sp. 2

MalabagoBaho-bahoKarupayFern

GantawManga-mangaTagilumboyWild StraberryBabasa

Sp. 3

Cyathea apoensesEleagnus sp.Ternstroemia megacarpaCristella sp.Polyosma philippinensi

Bunot-bunotGantawLakno

Pometia pinnataSapium luzonicumPinanga insignisMarratia sp.

PusawBabakagDila-dilaBaho-baho

SpeciesLocal name Scientific name

Associated Host PlantsDistribution

Range

Sp. 4 Likway Abelmoschus moschantus



Sp. 5 Pine treePulayoKanding-kandingSweet pepper

Dacrycarpus cumingiiSyzgium sp.

Capsicum annum

Marratia pellucidaPaspalum conjugatumCapsicum frutescens

PipunculidaeSp. 1

MagalablabLakatanHot pepper

SyrphidaeSp. 1

LagnobMalakapeBabakag

Ficus septica var. septicaTarenna sp.Ascarina philippinensis

Sp. 2 Dila-dilaBaho-baho

Sapium luzonicum

Sp. 3

PandanDaat

Cyrtostachys lakka

Ascarina philippinensis

Sp. 5

UlingonPako-pako

Sp. 4 Decaspernu fruticosum

PalmPako-pakoBabakag

Schitchium diffusumCythea apoensis

Sp. 6 BolokaweGantaw

Sp. 7 CamoteBali-batang

Ipomoea batatasCommelina sp.

Sp. 8 Guma-guma

TachinidaeSp. 1

Sp. 3

Tinapalis

Tagbak

Sp. 2

LalamboUlingon

Sp. 4


Guma-guma

Pinanga sp.

Kalowratia elegans

Tambal-hiloHantungawTagima

Sp. 2

TipulidaeSp. 1

Drymis piperitaAstrocalyx calycinaSchefflera alvarezii

PusawCornCabbage

Homalomena sp.Zea maysBrassica sp.

Pandanus sp.Scleria serobiculata

Sp. 3 Cythea apoensisRapanea avenisPodocarpus nerifoliusDrymis piperitaCrytandra sp.

GantawPapagaSubing diwataTambal hiloLalago



Range

TagilumboyBabakagMagalablabSubing diwataSerelak

Sp. 4 Adinandra robinsonniAscarina philippinensisMarriatia pellucidaPodocarpus nerrifoliusHumata obtusata



TagimaSalumayBabakag

Schefflera alvareziMacaranga dipterocarpifoliaAscarina philippinensis

MagalablabSambinit

Marratia pellucidaRobus sp.

LikwayNopolKanding-kanding

UndeterminedSp. 1

Pako-pakohagonoy

Abelmoschus moschantusPoikilospermum grande

Sp. 5

Sp. 6

Sp. 7

Sp. 2 MossBalikokoLagundi

Decaspernum sp.Tapeinidum lineareElmerillia platyphyla

Sp. 3 Lukdo-lukdoDila-kanding

Sp. 6 LalagoFernLakatanChayote

BagonGabiBali-batang

Sp. 7

Pako-pakoSubing diwataBalikokoTatanak

Sp. 8

Podocarpus nerrifoliusDecaspernum sp.Gardenia longiflora

Cyrtandra sp.Linsai sp.Paspalum conjugatumSechium edule

Psycotria diffusaColocasia esculentaCommelina sp.

Sp. 5

GantawPako-pakoOnion

Cyathea apoensis

Allium cepa

Sp. 9

VineLaknoTilapyaGuma-guma

Melicope monophylla

Sp. 10

Eleagnus sp.

BintukaBanlo-banlo

Sp. 4

Manga-mangaBanitlong

Philodendron sp.Asplenium militare

Sp. 11 Schitochium diffusumHomalomena sp.

BolokawePusaw


Associated Host PlantsDistriubution

Range

TagimaLalambo

Sp. 12 Schefflera alvarezii

Decaspernum fruticosumSymplocus villarii

Lakatan Paspalum conjugatum

Sp. 13

Sp. 14

UlingonLanutan


Appendix Table 38. Distribution range and associated host plants of Lepidoptera species inMt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

LepidopteraHespiriidae

Bibasis gomata

Luzon, Mindoro,Palawan,W. Visayas,E. Visayas,Mindanao

Chaspes plateni Mindanao(subspeciesendemic)

Silangka Impatiens motalbanica

Pothanthus mingomingo

Limbas-limbasLuzon, Mindoro,Palawan,W. Visayas,E. Visayas,Mindanao

Dianelia insignis

TaractroceraluzonensisluzonensisStaudinger

Luzon, Mindoro,Palawan,W. Visayas,E. Visayas,Mindanao

Xanthoneuratelesinus Mabille

Luzon, Mindoro,Leyte, Bohol,Samar, NegrosMindanao

Gantaw Cyathea apoensis

LycaenidaeJamides alectomanilana(Toxopeus)

Luzon, Negros,Cebu, Leyte,Mindanao

Lakatan Paspalum conjugatum

AgusahisTajura sp.

NymphalidaeAthyma maenassemperi

Philippineendemic

SilangkaSambulawan

Impatiens motalbanicaSambucus javanica

Danaus melanippusedmondi Lesson

Philippine(excl. Balacbac),Taiwan, Guam

Payaw

Silangka Imaptiens montalbanica

Callocasia sp.

Kalowratia elegansTagbak

Faunis phaonleucis C & R Felder

Basilan,Mindanao

Hypolimnasanomala anomala

Ideopsis gauraglaphyra Moore

Mindanao, excl.E/S/SE Mindanao

Lexias panopusmiscus

Mycalesis itaimelda Aoki &Uemura

Mindanao

Parantica danattimalindangensisYamamoto & Takei

NW Mindanao(Mt. Malindang)



Range



Cyathea apoensisGantawParanticaluzonensisluzonensis C & RFelder

Philippines,excl. Balabac &Palawan

Ficus septica var. septica

Philippines,excl. Palawan &Camiguin deLuzon

Polyura athamasacuta Rothschild

Regadia melendinaMelendina C & RFelder

CamiguinMindanaoSarangani

Ypthima lisandralisandra Cramer

Ypthima conjunctaconjucta Cramer

Undetermined sp. 1 Lagnob

Papilionidaemenelaidehystaspes(C & R Felder)

Philippines,excl. Palawan,Sulu (endemic)

MenelaidesrumanzoniaRumanzovia(Eschscholtz)

Philippines, excl.C & S Palawan, &Tawi-Tawi,Talaut, Sangir

Graphiumsarpedon sarpedonLinneaeus

Brassica sp.Cabbage

PieridaeCaptosilia scyllaasema Standinger

Luzon, Mindoro,W. Visayas,E. Visayas,Mindanao

Cypholophus moluccanusBulase

Delias henningiaochreopicta (?)Butler

Subsp. Mindanaoendemic

Cyathea apoensisGantaw

Mindanaoendemic

Delias baracasabaracasa

Delias diaphanabasilisaeTreadaway

Eurema hiurii huiraiSchirozu & Yata

Mindanaoendemic

BabakagPulayoLagnobBino-bino

Ascarina philippinensisSyzygium hutchinsoniiFicus septica var. septicaPolygala paniculatum

Troidesrharamantus Lucas

Philippines,excl. Palawan

Troides magellanusC & R Felder



Range



Eurema hecabetamiathisFruhstorfer

Philippines excl.Mindoro,N. Luzon &Palawan

Bangnay Selaginella sp.

Eurema sarilatasarilata Semper

E. Visayas,Panao, Dinagat,Mindanaoendemic

Butitay

Molave

Diplaziopsis javanica (Bl.) Christen



Range


TilapyaCorn Zea mays

LaknoCamoteDila-dilaGabi

Hymenophyllum emarginatumIpomoea batatas

Colocasia esculenta

Banitlong

Appendix Table 39. Distribution range and associated host plants of Hymenoptera speciesin Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

HYMENOPTERAAgaonidae

ApidaeApis cerana

Phyllocladus hypophyllusHydragea chinensisGardenia longifloraMonophrynium faciculatum

Apis dorsata

Apis sp. 1

BlacinaeSp. 1

Homalomena sp.Pandanus sp.

Bombus sp.

MagaringanSalisipMagatapalakAgik-ik

DalamdamOrchids

Goodyera sp.Orchids sp.

AnthoporidaeXylocopa sp. Molave

Braconidae Agathidinae

Mesocoelus sp. CabbageChayote

Brassica sp.Sechium edule

AlysiinaeAlysia sp.

TumatingFern

Anisoptera thurifera spp. thuriferaPterogona sp.

PusawPandanTilapya

Ascarina philippinensisCyrtandra sp.Polyosma philippinensisUrophyllum sp.Oryza sativa

BabakagLalagoBabasaTapay-tapayRice

BraconinaeSp. 1

Sp. 2

Sp. 3

MossGantawCamote

Cyathea apoensisIpomoea batatas

Syzygium hutchinsoniiHydragea chinensis

PulayoSalisip

CassavaCheloninae

Chelonus sp. Manihot esculenta

RiceBanlo-banlo

Oryza sativaMicrogasterinaeSp. 1

Chalcididae Brachymerinae

Brachymeria sp.

MicrogasterinaeSp. 1

Epitraninae sp. 1 CabbageCorn

Brassica sp.Zea mays



Range


Rapanea avenis


Haltichelinae sp. 1 Busikad Cyperus sp.

ChrysididaeSp. 1

Hagnaya

Commelina sp.CynipidaeSp. 1

Bali-batang

Diapriidae Diapriinae

Sp. 1

Papaga

EncyrtidaeSp. 1

Bogang Cyperus sp.

EucoilidaeSp. 1

Baraas Freycinetia negrosensis

EulophidaeSp. 1

Pusaw Homalomena sp.

EumenidaeSp. 1

EupelmidaeSp. 1

Baraas Freycinetia negrosensis

EvaniidaeSp. 1

Manga-mangaMagamatong

Eleagnus sp.Neolitsea vidalli Merr.

LalikwayKalingangSilangkaBaho-baho

PagaypayCamotePusaw

OphioninaeSp. 1

Ichneumonidae Cryptinae

Sp. 1

Procris sp.Cinamommum mercadoiImpatiens montalbanicaSapium luzonicum

Ipomoea batatasHomalomena sp.

IchneumoninaeSp. 1

LagnobCamote

Ficus septica var. septicaIpomoea batatas

Sp. 2 CamotePandanLawaan

Ipomoea batatasPandanus sp.

MesochorinaeMesochorus sp.

Camote Ipomoea batatas

PimplinaePimpla sp.

Malakape Tarenna sp.

PompilidaeSp. 1

Tujabang Molinaria capitulata (Lour) Herbert

ProctrotrupidaeSp. 1

ScelionidaeSp. 1

BitangholRotten logsTilapya

Callophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.

SphecidaeSp. 1

PusawCornOnion

Homalomena sp.Zea maysAllium cepa



Range


Lukdo-lukdo

Dimorphanthera aoana(Merr.) Schltr.Allium cepa


VespidaeSp. 1

BeansOnion

Glycine maxAllium cepa

Sp. 2

Ropalidia sp.

Stenogaster sp.

ScoliidaeScolia sp.?

Lukdo-lukdo

Dioscorea alataCyperus sp.Dimorphanthera apoana (Merr.)

Schltr.

UbeBosyongBalagon

TiphiidaeSp. 1

UndeterminedSp. 1


FormicidaeAnoplolepisgracilipes

GulayanCornPayaw

Zea maysCallocasia sp.

Camponotus sp. Pandan Pandanus sp.

Camponotus sp.?

Camponotus sp. 2 BaraasHimbabawod

Freycinetia negrosensis

Diacamma sp. 1 Banlo-banloWild strawberryLukdo-lukdo Pteridium sp.

Diacamma sp. 2 KarupayCogonTagima

Pinanga philippinensisImperata cylindricalSchefflera sp.

Dolichoderus sp. NatoNopol

Palaquim luzoniensePoikilopermum grande

SalawagPisong diwataBabakagOnion

Ascarina philippinensisAllium cepa

Dolichoderus sp. ?

Iridomyrmex sp. Manga-mangaPandanCogon

Eleagnus sp.Padanus sp.Imperata cylindrica

Iridomyrmex sp. 1 SakamGantawPuguan

Clethra lancifoliaCyathea apoensis

Iridomyrmex sp. 2

Balagon

Onion



Range


Cyperus sp.Oreocnide rubecensHomalomena sp.


PandanFernBaraas

Pandanus sp.Osmunda sp.Freycinetia neagrosensis

Odontomachus sp.

Oecophyllasmaragdina(Fabr.)

BusikadGoborobodPusaw

Clethra lancifoliaSchefflera sp.Marratia pellucida Presl.

SakamTagimaMagalablab

Polyrhachis sp. 1

BolokaweGoborobodNatoGabi

Scitochium diffusumOreocnide rubecensPalaquim luzonienseColocasia esculenta

Polyrhachis sp. 2

Polyrhachis sp. 3 BagonTinapalis Pinanga sp.

Polyrhachis sp. 4 Agik-ikBaraasLukdo-lukdo

Monophrynium faciculatumFreycinetia negrosensisPteridium sp.

PandanBino-bino

Panadanus sp.Polygala paniculatum

Myrmeciinae

Undetermined Tago bahiTumating

Decaspernum sp.Anisoptera thurifera spp. thurifera



Range


Appendix Table 40. Distribution range and associated host plants of Araneida species inMt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

SPIDERSNephila sp.

Gasteracantha sp.

Gasteracantha sp. 2

Gasteracantha sp. 3

Gasteracantha sp. 4

Aranaeidae Hippasa sp.?

Neoscona sp.?

Neoscona sp. 2

Undet. genus

Oxyopidae

Oxyopes sp. 1

Oxyopes sp. 2

Oxyopes sp. 3

Salticidae

Salticidae undetsp. 1

Salticidae undet sp.2

Phidippus

Phidippus sp.?

SakamTinapalisBabakagFernPuguan PayawPako-pakoLukayPayawOnionBolokaweBracken fernBogangCamote

TagbakCabbageGabiKanakaLawagTago bahiPogahanOwayTungatingBusikad

Gabi

TalisayOwayTagbak

Clethra lancifoliaPinanga sp.Ascarina philippinensisNephrolepis sp.

Callocasia sp.

Callocasia sp.Allium cepaSchitochium diffusumCyperus sp.Ipomoea batatas

Kalowratia elegansBrassica sp.Colocasia esculentaCollocasia sp.

Decaspernum sp.Caryota cumingiiCalamus ornatus

Colocasia esculenta

Calamus ornatusKalowratia elegans



Range




Range

Luy-a luy-aMagalablabGantaw

Zingiber sp.Marratia pellucidaCyathea apoensis

Sparassidae

Thomisidae Tambok-tambokHagonoy

Thomisus sp. UbePusaw

Dioscorea alataHomalomena sp.

UndeterminedSp. 1

Tapay-tapayGulayanBangnay

Lithocarpus sp.Selaginella sp.

Sp. 2 PolayoBegoniaBabakag

Syzygium sp.

Justicia sp.

Sp. 3 CamoteLalikwayAgik-ik

Ipomoea batatasProcris sp.Monophrynium faciculatum

Sp. 4 KalingangDila-dilaPandanLukdo-lukdo

Cinnamomum mercadoi Vidal

Pandanus sp.Pteridium sp.

Sp. 5 SakamGabiOnionSambinit

Clethra lancifoliaColocasia esculentaAllium cepaRobus sp.

Sp. 6 GantawPapagaSalumay

Cyathea apoensisRapanea avenisMacaranga dipterocarpifolia

Sp. 7

Sp. 8 ButitayGantawHagonoy

Homalomena sp.Monophrynium faciculatum

Diplaziopsis javanicaCyathea brevipes

Sp. 9 PusawAgik-ikBagonHagonoy

Appendix Table 40. continued...

Sp. 10

Gulayan Lithocarpus sp.

CabbageOnionAnanagon

Brassica sp.Allium cepa

Sp. 11 Wild strawberryHimbis-himbisLukdo-lukdo

Cristella sp.

Pteridium sp.

Sp. 12

Sp. 13

Sp. 14 Pusaw Homalomena sp.

Sp. 15 Dried leaves


Pusaw

Astrocalyx calycina (Vidal) Merr.

Sp. 16 BagonGabi

Colocasia esculenta

Sp. 17

Hantutungaw

Sp. 18

Sp. 19

Calamus ornatus

Sp. 20

Sp. 21

Oway

Homalomena sp.

Sp. 22

Sp. 23

Sp. 24

Sp. 25 Banana

Pusaw Homalomena sp.

Musa sapientum

Sp. 26 Mahogany Swietenia macrophylla

Sp. 27

Sp. 28



Range

Appendix Table 40. continued...


Appendix Table 41. Distribution range and associated host plants of other arthropod speciesin Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Other arthropodsClass Arachnida

SCORPIONIDAScorpion

PHALANGIDA BoksakanBolokawePolayoOnionGabiMalakapeLumbilan

TutugnawGabi-gabiBolokawe

Schitochium diffusumSyzygium sp.Allium cepaColocasia esculentaTarenna sp.Leucosyke capitellata

Philodendron sp.

ACARINAMites

EriophyidaeEriophyes sp.


Class ChilopodaCENTIPEDE

Vine

Schitochium diffusum

Class DiplopodaMILLIPEDE

Class CrustaceaCRABS

Class GasropodaSNAILS



Range

130Technical Report

PHYTOPHAGOUS

Appendix Table 42. Trophic guilds of selected arthropods in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Trophic Guilds/Selected Taxa

Number of Species

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest

SubmontaneDipterocarpForest

MixedDipterocarpForest

LowlandDiptero-carpForest

MixedLowlandDiptero-carpForest

PlantationandDegradedForest

Vegetable Cereals Agro-forestry

Grass-DominatedFallowedAreas

ORTHOPTERAAcrididae

Pyrgomorphidae


Diapheromeridae

Heteropterygidae

Phasmatidae

Phyliidae

HEMIPTERA Heteroptera

Acanthasomatidae

Alydidae

Coreidae

Cydnidae

Lygaeidae

Pentatomidae

Plataspidae

Tessaratomidae

HomopteraAchilidae

Aphididae

Aphrophoridae

Cercopidae

Cicadellidae

Cicadidae

2 24 2 4 10 3 3 1

1 1 1 1 11

11 11

3 1 219 26455

12 2

12 12

1

1

11 1

1 1 1 1 12 11

11

1

21

42 2 1 1 2

2 11

1

111

2 1 2 2

1

1 2 313 11

3 5 9210 24237 1 5

132 1 2


Subtotal



Number of Species

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Cixiidae

Derbidae

Delphacidae

Flatidae

Issidae

Lophophidae

Meenoplidae

Membracidae

Tropiduchidae

COLEOPTERABrenthidae

Chrysomelidae

Coccinellidae

Curculionidae

Elateridae

Lagriidae

Scarabaeidae

Lycaenidae

Nymphalidae

Papilionidae

Pieridae

LEPIDOPTERAHesperiidae

HYMENOPTERAAgaonidae

ACARINAEriophyidae

1

77

11 12 2

29

1

102

11

1

1 11

35 32 1 3 3

34 2 1 1

67 72 13 3 13 8

58 5028 30137 45 35 7122

4 22 2 1 1 21

1 19

1 22 22 13 21

31 4 22 2

9 5 157 74 1126 10 3 52

1 121

10 6 3512 98 627 6 5 224

1 1

1

3

1

1

1 1

2 1 11

3 111 4 1 22 1

1

113

2 2 22

1 1

3 2 2 1 1 1

132Technical Report



Number of Species

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








ODONATAAnisoptera

Aeshnidae

Corduliidae

Gomphidae

Libellulidae

ZygopteraAmphipterygidae

Calopterygidae

Chlorocyphidae

Coenagrionidae

Euphaeidae

Platycnemididae

Protoneuridae

MANTODEAMantidae

HEMIPTERANotonectidae

ReduviidaeEugoras sp. 1

Ischnobaenamacerrima

Gardenamelinarthum

Euagoras plagietes

Reduviidae sp. 1

Reduviidae sp. 2

Reduviidae sp. 3

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

5

1

2

3

1

5

2

1

5

1

1

3

1

1

1

2

4

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

4

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1 1

1

2

15

3 1

1

2

1

3

1

2

2

2

1

PREDACEOUS


Subtotal



Number of Species

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest




Sirthenea sp

Neoscadra sp.

Veleda brevispina

4

2

1

1

1

1

COLEOPTERACarabidae

Cicindelidae

Coccinellidae

Lampyridae

Lycidae

Staphylinidae

HYMENOPTERAVespidae

Sphecidae

ARANEIDASpiders

PHALANGIDAPhalangids

Subtotal

POLLINATORSLEPIDOPTERA

Hesperiidae

Lycaenidae

Nymphalidae

Papilionidae

Pieridae

HYMENOPTERAApidae

Anthophoridae

1

1

2 1

1

1 2

1

1

1 1 11

1 3

7136

12 6 118 30 14

1 1

3 2

1 1

2 2

1

5 1

5 2

6 4

3

1 1

1

3 1

1

4 2 2 1

1 11 2 1

7 6 82 3 1

4 3 2

5 3 32 1

1

79112 68215

1651821 411





1513 17 13 1320

11 1 1 1

1

11 3 2 22

11 1 1

1

21 2 1 22

2 2

1 2

33 3 31

12 2 1 4

2

1 2 1 1

1

2

12 21

2 1 11

1 83 3

1 1

3 3

1

691748562 18953

51281 164

134Technical Report

17SCAVENGERS/FUNGIVOROUS



Number of Species

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








PARASITOIDSHYMENOPTERA

Braconidae

Chalcididae

Chrysididae

Cynipidae

Diapriidae

Encyrtidae

Eucoilidae

Eumenidae

Eulophidae

Evaniidae

Ichneumonidae

Pompilidae

Proctrotrupidae

Scelionidae

Tiphiidae

Eupelmidae

Scoliidae

Subtotal

HOMOPTERAAradidae

COLEOPTERAEndomychidae

Lucanidae

Passalidae

3244 417 152512 3

23 16 781 81

11 2 1 1

1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

1

3

1

1 1

1 1

1

1

5 3 1

1 1

1

1

1

1

111221

1

1

1

111

1

14 1

11

1

1

1

1

1

1 2


XYLOBOROUS

Subtotal 0110 1215 591310

XYLOBOROUS

Subtotal 40410 26 1634



Number of Species

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






Vegetable Cereals

Scarabaeidae

Tenebrionidae

1 1

COLEOPTERACerambycidae

Subtotal

HYMENOPTERAFormicidae

TOTAL

4135 27 1431

4135 27 1431

11 1215 591310

73167 122408 131332158109148229

3 4 1232

2 1224

512

400

Agro-forestry


31

31

512

34195

136Technical Report

Appendix Table 43. Trophic guild of Odonata per vegetation type of Mt. Mlindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

PREDACEOUSAnisoptera Aeshnidae

Tetracanthagynasp. nr. brunnea

CorduliidaeHeteronaiasheterodoxa

GomphidaeHeliogomphusbekeri

LibellulidaeCrocothemisservilia

Diplacina braueri

DiplacodestrivialisNannophyapygmea

Neurothemisramburii

Neurothemisterminata

Orthetrumpruinosum clelia

Orthetrum sabina

Pantala flavescensRhyothemis sp.

Trithemis aurora

Trithemis festiva

1

2 2 2 1

1 1 1

2 1

8 2 1 1

2 1

1

1

1 100 1 1

100

1

4

2

2 1

1 1


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest

Submontane- Dipterocarp

Forest

Cereals Agro-forestry

VegetablePlantationandDegradedForest

MixedLowlandDipterocarpForest

LowlandDipterocarpForest




ZygoptereAmphipterigydae

Debvadattapodolestoidesbasilanensi

CalopterygidaeVestalis melania

CoenagrionidaePseudagrionamphicyana

Risiocnemisappendiculata

Rhinocyphadososanguinea

Pseudagrion sp.

1

1

1

1

1

4 2

3 1

1

22 1

1

1 1Chlorocyphidae

Cyrano angustrior

2 2Rhinocyphaturconii 1

1

EuphaeidaeEuphaeaamphicyana 1

PlatycnemididaeCoelicciadinoceras

Risiocnemis(Igneocnemis)flammea 1

Risiocnemis(Igneocnemis) sp.

ProtoneuridaeProdasineura integra



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








138Technical Report

Appendix Table 44. Trophic guild of selected Orthoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

PHYTOPHAGOUS Acrididae Catantopinae

StenocatatantopssplendensMelicodestenebrosaUndet sp. 1

OedipodinaeAiolopusthalassinustamulusHeteropternisrespondens

OxyinaeGesonulamundata zonoceraOxya hyla intricata

CatantopinaeCraenella sp.Gelastorhinus sp.?Undet sp. 1Undet sp. 2

PyrgomorphidaeAtractomorphapsittacina

3

2

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

4

4

2

1

2

3

8

4

73

4311

8

2

46

4

2

1

1

4

6


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest







Grass-dominatedFallowedareas

1

1


Appendix Table 45. Trophic guild of Phasmatodea per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

PHYTOPHAGOUSAschiphasmatidae

AschiphasmatinaeAschiphasmatiniOrthomeria sp. 1

Lonchodinae

1

1

2

1

1

1 11

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1 1

1

2

1

3


Lonchodini sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 1

Lonchodes sp. 2

Lonchodes sp. 3

Necrosciinae

Necrosciinae sp. 1

Necrosciinae sp. 2

Necrosciinae sp. 3

Asceles sp. 1

Asceles sp. 2

Asceles sp. 3

Marmessoidea sp. 1

Necrosia sp. 1

Heteropterygidae Obriminae Obrimini sp. 1

Euobrimus (near)atherura

1 2 1

1 1 7 1 1

2

2213

4 3 1 1 6 1

5 3 1

1

1

2

2

1

Euobrimus sp.


Phobaeticus sp. 1


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








140Technical Report


Pharnacia?? sp. 1

Platycraminae sp. 1

PhylliidaePhylliium sp. 1

BaculinBaculum sp. 1

1


MossyForest

1

1

1

1

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest


CerealsVegetablePlantationandDegradedForest




Agro-forestry


Appendix Table 46. Trophic guild of Mantodea per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

PREDACEOUS

Mantidae

Heirodula sp.

Deroplatyinae

Mantinae sp. 1

Mantinae sp. 2

Mantinae sp. 3

Mantinae sp. 4

Mantinae sp. 5

Mantinae sp. 6

Mantinae sp. 7

Mantinae sp. 8

Mantinae sp. 9

Mantinae sp. 10

Mantinae sp. 11

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

3

2


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






1

1

1

Agro-forestry



Appendix Table 47. Trophic guild of selected Hemiptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






PHYTOPHAGOUS Hetoroptera

AcanthosomatidaeSastragala sp.

AlydidaeNoliphusspinosus

1

3

2

7

2

1

1

11

1

1

5

1

19

1

1

1

1

Riptortus linearis

CoreidaeAnoplocnemisphasiana

1

1

2

1

3Colpuraobscuricornis

Homoeocerusimmaculatus

CydnidaeMacroscytussubaeneus

Nysius vinitor

LygaeidaeNysiuscaledoniae

PentatomidaeAlcimocorislineolatus

Carbula trabifera

Dalsira maginata

Hoplistoderaconvexa

Plautia sp. 1

Sepontia sp. 1

Tolumnia trinotata



1

6

7

1

1 3 3

1

3

1

142Technical Report



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest







GrassdominatedFallowedareas

1

9

1

1

2

4

2

4

1

5

1

1

12

2 3

1

1

TessaratomidaePygoplatys sp. 1

17 3

1

23

1

2

1

Achilidae sp. 2

Vitellus sp. 3

PlataspidaeBrachyplatysdeplanatus

Coptosoma sp. 1

Brachyplatys

1

Homoptera Achilidae

Achilidae sp. 1

972 Achilidae

Achilidae sp. 1

Achilidae sp. 2

Achilidae sp. 3 2 48

AphrophoridaePerinoia sp.

CercopidaeCercopidae sp. 1

Cercopidae sp. 2

Cercopidae sp. 3

Cercopidae sp. 4

Cercopidae sp. 5

Cercopidae sp. 6

Cercopidae sp. 7

Cercopidae sp. 8 1

CicadellidaeBothrogonia sp. 8 25 2 2 5 1545111113

Cofana spectra 3 2

Nephotettixnigropictus 21


CicadidaeCicadidae sp. 1

Cicadellidae sp. 3

Nirvana sp.

Cicadellidae sp. 2

Nephotettixnigropictus

Cicadellidae sp. 1

Cicadellidae sp. 4

Cicadellidae sp. 5

Cicadellidae sp. 6

Cicadellidae sp. 9

Cicadellidae sp. 8

Cicadellidae sp. 7

Cicadellidae sp. 10

Cicadellidae sp. 11

Cicadellidae sp. 12

Cicadidae sp. 3

Cicadidae sp. 2

Cicadidae sp. 4

Cicadidae sp. 5

Cicadidae sp. 6

CixiidaeCixiixae sp. 1

Cixiixae sp. 3

Cixiixae sp. 2

Cixiixae sp. 4

Cixiixae sp. 5

Cixiixae sp. 6

Cixiixae sp. 7

33

6 3 1 2 63

11

52

23

111

2

4

12 1

1

7

1 1

1 1

3

37

1

1

1

11

3 4

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

4

1 2

3

6

3

12



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






Cereals

22

18

63

241

1

1

1

Agro-forestry


144Technical Report


1

1

3

1

4

1 1

2

11

1

11

12

1

1

Cixiixae sp. 8 1

DerbidaeProutista moesta

Derbidae sp. 1

Derbidae sp. 2

35

1

2

Flatidae sp. 2

Flatidae sp. 3

Flatidae sp. 4

Flatidae sp. 5

Issidae sp. 5

Issidae sp. 6

Issidae sp. 7

1

3

Issidae sp. 9

Cixiixae sp. 9

Derbidae sp. 3

DelphacidaeDelphacidae sp. 1

Delphacidae sp. 2

FlatidaeFlatidae sp. 1

Issidae sp. 1

Issidae sp. 2

Issidae sp. 3

Issidae sp. 4

IssidaeHemisphaeriuns sp.

Issidae sp. 8

Issidae sp. 10

LophophidaeSerida latens

MeenoplidaeNisia sp.

1

1

1

4 2

1

1

5

1 3

3

3

2

1

1

2

2

2

1

3

1

1

1

2


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest









SCAVENGERS/FUNGIVOROUS

AradidaeAradidae sp. 1


Meenoplidae sp. 1

MembracidaeEmphusis bakeri

Gargara sp. 1

Gargara sp. 2

Reduviidae sp. 2

Reduviidae sp. 3

Sirthenea sp.

Veleda brevispina

Gargara sp. 3

TropiduchidaeTropiduchidae sp. 1

Tropiduchidae sp. 2

Reduviidae sp. 1

Neoscadra sp.

1

Tropiduchidae sp. 3

PREDACEOUSNotonectidae

Enithares sp. 1

ReduviidaeEuagora sp. 1

Ischnobaenamaccerima

Gardenamelinarthum

Euagorasplagiatus

4

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

2

5 1

1 1

115

1

2

2

2

13

11

1

18 4 29

1

13

2

2

2

1


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








146Technical Report

Appendix Table 48. Trophic guild of Coleoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Apioninae sp. 2

Cassida sp. 1

Cassida sp. 2

Cassida sp. 3

1

Lacopteraphilippinensis

9

1

3

1 2

4

1

1

PHYTOPHAGOUSBrenthidae

Apioninae sp. 1

ChrysomelidaeAlticinae

Alticinae sp. 1

Alticinae sp. 2

Alticinae sp. 3

Alticinae sp. 4

Alticinae sp. 5

Alticinae sp. 6

Alticinae sp. 7

Alticinae sp. 8

Alticinae sp. 9

Alticinae sp. 10

Alticinae sp. 11

Alticinae sp. 12

CassidinaeAspidomorphamiliaris

CryptocephalinaeCryptocephalinaesp. 1

Cryptocephalinaesp. 2

1 11 6 2

1

221

16

9

1 12

6 1

1

2

2

2

5

1

4

3

4

1

2

1

2

61

13

2

4

2

2

3

2

1

5

1

14

6

4

4 6

2

1

2




MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






GalerucinaeAulacophoracoffea

Aulacophoraindica

Aulacophora sp. 2

Aulacophora sp. 1

Aulacophora sp. 3

Aulacophora sp. 4

Atrachya sp.

Calomicrus sp.

Liroetiella sp. 1

Liroetiella sp. 2

Medythia sp.

Pseudocophorasp. 1

Galerucinaeundet sp. 1








6 2

1 4

26 1

37

2

3

1

3

5

3

32

7

21

4

20

8

6

7

1

1

3 1

5

2 4 3

1 3

1

1

3

2

22 1

2

3 1

1 1

1

4

31

1

1

1

1

1

1

Agro-forestry


1 3

18

1 1

10

3

5

1

1

2

148Technical Report


Trrophic Guild/Selected Taxa

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Galerucinae sp. 18


Galerucinae sp. 11


Galerucinae sp. 12

Galerucinae sp. 13

Galerucinae sp. 14

Galerucinae sp. 15

Galerucinae sp. 16

Galerucinae sp. 17

HispinaeAgonita sp. 1

Anisodera sp.

Agonita sp. 2

Botryonopa sp.

Callispa sp.

Dactylispa sp.

Gonophora sp.

Promecotheca sp. 1

Promecotheca sp. 2

Uroplata sp.

Wallaceana sp.

2

3

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

21 1

1

1

1

2

11 1

1

6 1

1 20

2

3

1

3




MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








CoccinellidaeHenosepalachnasp.

Henosepalachnakaszabi

Henosepalachnaboisduvali

CurculionidaeGymnetrinaeAlcidodes leucospilusconflexus

Alcidodes leucospiluserichsoni

Alcidodesmirdanauensis

Alcidodes turpis

Alcidodes sp. 2

Alcidodes sp. 1

RhynchophorinaeRhynchophorinaesp. 1

Rhynchophorinaesp. 2

AnthonominaeParimera sp. nr.negrito

Megarrhinuscuryipes

PachyrrhynchinaeMetapocyrtus sp. 1

2

1

1 3

3

1

1

2

1

6

5

3

21

1

3

1

1

2

1

2

3

3 3

Metapocyrtus sp. 2 4 1

Metapocyrtus sp. 3 1

150Technical Report



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Metapocyrtus sp. 4

Metapocyrtus sp. 5

Metapocyrtus sp. 6

Metapocyrtus sp. 7

Metapocyrtus sp. 8

Metapocyrtus sp. 9

Metapocyrtus sp. 10

Metapocyrtus sp. 11

Metapocyrtus sp. 12

Metapocyrtus sp. 13

Metapocyrtus sp. 14







CryptorrhynchinaeOdysyllis sp. 1

Odysyllis sp. 2

Tragopus sp.

Tragonopteruspaucisquamosus

Calidiopsis sp. 1







2

1

3

1 1

4

31 1

1

3

1

1

1 13 1 1 21 1816 6 2

7 1 6 2

1

3 31 5 1 5

4 2 3 1 1

1

6 12

1

4

2

1

6

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

5 4

23

6

2

1

1

3

12

1



HylobiinaePaepalcsomus sp.


EntiminaeSitorini

Eugnathus sp.

Curculionidaeundet sp. 1




ElateridaeElateridae sp. 1

Elateridae sp. 2

Elateridae sp. 3

Elateridae sp. 4

Elateridae sp. 5

Elateridae sp. 6

Elateridae sp. 7

Elateridae sp. 8

Elateridae sp. 9

LagriidaeLagriidae sp. 1

Lagriidae sp. 2

Lagriidae sp. 3

Lagriidae sp. 4

Lagriidae sp. 5

Lagriidae sp. 6

7 6

1

1

2

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

2

1 2

1

1

4

1

2

1

2

1

4

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

2


MossyForest

MontaneForest








AlmacigaForest

152Technical Report



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








ScarabaeidaeMelolonthinae

LeucospholisirrorataLeucospholis sp.

Melolonthinae sp. 1

3

2

1

Melolonthinae sp. 4

Melolonthinae sp. 2

Melolonthinae sp. 3

Melolonthinae sp. 5

RutelinaeAnomala sp.

PREDACEOUSCarabidae

Carabidae sp. 1

Rutelinae sp. 1

Rutelinae sp. 2

Carabidae sp. 4

Carabidae sp. 2

Carabidae sp. 3

Carabidae sp. 5Cicindelidae

CicindelinaeHeptodontalumawigi

Therates coracinus

Therates fasciatuspseudolatrielle

Tricondyla cyanipeselongta

1

1

2

1

11

1

1

2

2

3

3

11

2

4

3

1

4

1 1

1

3




MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Collyris(Neocollyris)affinis

CoccinellidaeCheilomenessexmaculatus

Coccinellatransversalis

Coccinella sp. 1

Coccinella sp. 2

Coccinella sp. 3

Coccinella sp. 4

Cryptogonusorbiculus

Micraspis sp.

Scymnus sp.

Coccinellidaeundet sp. 1

Coccinellidaeundet sp. 2

LampyridaeLampyridae sp. 1

Lampyridae sp. 2

Lampyridae sp. 3

Lampyridae sp. 4

Lampyridae sp. 5

Lampyridae sp. 6

Lampyridae sp. 7

Lampyridae sp. 8

Lampyridae sp. 9

Lampyridae sp. 10

Lampyridae sp. 11

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

2 6

4

1

1

1 1

2

1

1

1

2 5

5

1

2

2

3 2

25

8 3

2

2

10

1

3

1

3

2

154Technical Report



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Lampyridae sp. 12

Lampyridae sp. 13

Lampyridae sp. 14

Lampyridae sp. 15 3

2

1

1

LycidaeLycidae sp. 1

Lycidae sp. 2

Lycidae sp. 3

Lycidae sp. 4

Lycidae sp. 5

Lycidae sp. 6

Lycidae sp. 7

3

4

1

12

2

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

7

StaphylinidaeStaphylinidae sp. 1

Staphylinidae sp. 2

Staphylinidae sp. 3

Staphylinidae sp. 4

Staphylinidae sp. 5

2

7

2

1

2

2

13

1

4

SCAVANGERS/FUNGIVOROUSEndomychidae

Endomychidae sp. 1

Endomychidae sp. 2

Endomychidae sp. 3

Endomychidae sp. 4

1 1

1 3

2

3 1

LucanidaeDorcus sp.

Prosopocoilusromeoi

PassalidaePassalidae sp. 1

2

2

1

1




MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








ScarabaeidaeCetoniinaeEuglypta sp.

Taeniodera sp.

Cetoniinae sp. 1

Cetoniinae sp. 2

Cetoniinae sp. 3

Cetoniinae sp. 4

Cetoniinae sp. 5

Cetoniinae sp. 6

Cetoniinae sp. 7

1

1

1

121 1

4

2

1

TenebrionidaeTenebrionidae sp. 1

Tenebrionidae sp. 2

Tenebrionidae sp. 3

Tenebrionidae sp. 4

Tenebrionidae sp. 5

Tenebrionidae sp. 6

Tenebrionidae sp. 7

Tenebrionidae sp. 8

Tenebrionidae sp. 9

Tenebrionidae sp.10

1

1

1

XYLOBOROUSCerambycinaeDemonaxsulfurisignatus

Nupserha sp. 1

LamiinaeAgapanthini sp. 1

Asthates sp. 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 8 1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

9 5

2



MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Pelargoderus nearalcanor 2 1

Epepeotes sp. 1

Epepeotes sp. 2

Epepeotes sp. 3

Mimoplasia sp.

Cereopsius sp.

Cleptometopus sp.

Glenea baetrix

1

9

1

4

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

21

Megopis lumawigi 1

Phelipara sp. 1

2

Mimoplaciadiversenotata

Cerambycidaeundet sp. 1




1

3

1

2

1

3

1

1

1

156Technical Report

PHYTOPHAGOUS /POLLINATORS

HesperiidaeBibasis gomata

Appendix Table 49. Trophic guild of Lepidoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

Pothantus mingomingo

Choaspes plateniadhara

Taractroceraluzonensisluzonensis

Xantheneuratelesinus

LycaenidaeJamides alectomanilana

Tajura sp.

NymphalidaeAthyma maenassemperi

Danausmelanippusedmondii

Ideopsis gauraglaphyra

Hypolimnasanomalaanomala

Lexias panopusmiscus

Faunis phaonleucis

1

2 2 1

212

1

7

34

23

1

2

1

1

2

514 1 2

2

1

2

1

1

1

1 2

4

1

36

1

1 2

4

2 2

1

2

5


MossyForest

MontaneForest








AlmacigaForest


158Technical Report


Mycalesis itaimeldae

Parantica dannattimiscus

Paranticaluzonensisluzonensis

Polyura athamasacuta

Ragadia melindinamelindina

Ypthima lisondralisondra 1 1

11

7

2

1

10

6 1 1

1 1

1

2 4

1

4

Ypthima conjunctaconjuncta


MossyForest

MontaneForest








AlmacigaForest

Undeterminednymphalalidae

PapilionidaeMenelaideshystspes

Menelaidesrumanzoviarumanzovia

Graphiumsarpedonsarpedon

Troidesmegallanus

Troidesrhadamantus

1

1

1 1

2

1

1

33

1

11

1 1

1

9

1

3

1



PieridaeCatopsilia scyllaasema

Delias henningiaochreopicta

Delias baracasabaracasa

Delias diaphanabasilisae

Eurema alithaalitha

Eurema hiuraihiurai

3

1

4

2

11

4

1

21

2

1

2

2

3

8

Eurema hecabetamiathis

Eurema sarilatasarilata

2

1

1

1 1

1


MossyForest

MontaneForest








AlmacigaForest

160Technical Report

PARASITOIDSBraconidae

AgathisdinaeMesocoelus sp.

PREDACEOUSVespidae

Ropalidia sp. 1

2PHYTOPHAGOUS

Againidae

Vespidae sp. 1

Stenogaster sp.

SphecidaeSphecidae sp.

AlysiinaeAlysia sp.

BlacinaeBlacinae sp. 1

BraconinaeBraconinae sp. 1

Braconinae sp. 2

Braconinae sp. 3

CheloninaeChelonus sp.

MicrogasterinaeMicrogasterinaesp. 1

ChalsididaeBrachymerinae

Brachymeria sp.

EpitraninaeEpitraninae sp. 1

Appendix Table 50. Trophic guild of Hymenoptera per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

1 3 5 1 1 19 10 1

10 2

2 1 24 2

21

3 22 1 1 13 4 2

2 30 3

3 3 7

4202

3

8

3

2 276

3

125 13 1

27 1

19 6

18

5 2

181

2

1


MossyForest

MontaneForest







AlmacigaForest

6

4

11

2

13

27

9

6

3

13




TROPHICSGUILD/

SELECTEDTAXA

MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






HatichelinaeHatichelinae sp. 1

ChrysididaeChrysididae sp. 1

DiapriidaeDiapriidae sp. 1

EncyrtidaeEncyrtidae sp. 1

EucoilidaeEucoilidae sp. 1

EumenidaeEumenidae sp. 1

EulophidaeEulophidae sp. 1

EupelmidaeEupelmidae sp. 1

EvaniidaeEvaniidae sp. 1

IchneumonidaeCryptinae

Cryptinae sp. 1

IchneumoninaeIchneumoninaesp. 1

Ichneumoninaesp. 2

MesochorinaeMesochorus sp.

OphioninaeOphioninae sp.

1

PimplinaePimpla sp.

2

1

4

1

1

2

2

3

1

3

1

1

1

2

42

6

1

3

6

7

1

CynipidaeCynipidae sp. 1

1

1

13

13

13

15

5

8



5

1

1 2

1

1

3

28

2

16

3

2

3

4

2

3

162Technical Report


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








PompilidaePompilidae sp.

1

ProctrotrupidaeProctrotrupidaesp.

4Scelionidae

Scelionidae sp. 1

TiphiidaeTiphiidae sp. 1

ScoliidaeScolia sp.?

Undet sp. 1

Ropalidia sp.

Apis dorsata

Apis sp. 1

Bombus sp.

AnthophoridaeXylocopa sp.

POLLINATORApidae

Apis cerena

3

5

1

1

3

1 1

4

64

2 7

2

5

1

2 2

5

4

4

2

5

3 8

12

1

1 2

2

4



Appendix Table 51. Trophic guild of ants per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest






2

ANTS Formicidae

Anoplolepisgracilipes

Camponatus sp.? Camponatus sp. Camponatus sp. 2 Diacamma sp. 1 Diacamma sp. 2 Dolichoderus ? Dolichoderus sp. Iridomyrmex sp. Iridomyrmex sp. 1 Iridomyrmex sp. 2 Odontomachus sp. Oecophylla smaragdina Polyrachis sp. 1 Polyrachis sp. 2 Polyrachis sp. 3 Polyrachis sp. 4 Myrmeciinae Undet formicid

2

15

8

1

15161

11

177134

6

31

9

3363

311204332

1115

33

2

122

1

3

41

33

1

2

263333

21

1

3258

11

31

4

1811

8

4

4

2

1

Agro-forestry

2

31

3571

8

1

532


2420

22234

164Technical Report

PREDACEOUSNephila sp.

Appendix Table 52. Trophic guild of Araneida (spiders) per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Gasteracantha sp.

Gasteracantha sp. 2

Gasteracantha sp. 3

Gasteracantha sp. 4

AranaeidaeAranaeidae

Hippasa sp.?

Neoscona sp.?

Neoscona sp. 2

nr. Neoscona

Undet genus

Oxyopes sp. 1

Oxyopes sp. 2

Oxyopes sp. 3

OxyopidaeOxyopidae

SalticidaeSalticidae



Phidippus

SparrasidaeSparrasidae

Thomisus sp.

ThomisidaeThomisidae

9

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

3

9

2

1

1

6

2

3

1

1

2

3

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

3

1

1

2

19 1

2

3

4

4

4

1

2

2

6 6

1 1

3

4

4

10

99

7

18 1 83

1

2

1

2

2

1

2

3 1

12 1 38

4

3 3

8

17 2 2

11

8

7

2

5

Phidippus ?



UndeterminedUndet sp. 1

Undet sp. 2

Undet sp. 3

Undet sp. 4

Undet sp. 5

Undet sp. 6

Undet sp. 7

Undet sp. 8

Undet sp. 9

Undet sp. 10

Undet sp. 11

Undet sp. 12

Undet sp. 13

Undet sp. 14

Undet sp. 15

Undet sp. 16

Undet sp. 17

Undet sp. 18

Undet sp. 19

Undet sp. 20

Undet sp. 21

Undet sp. 22

Undet sp. 23

Undet sp. 24

Undet sp. 25

Undet sp. 26

Undet sp. 27

Undet sp. 28

1

5

3

5

6

3

8

1

1

1

1

2

2

3

3

1 1

2

1

7

2

1

1

2 3 1

3

1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

2

1 2

1

3

2 2

1

3

1

1

1 1

1 1

2

1

1

3

2

1

1

2

1

6

2

4

5

6

1

2

5

1

1

2

2

6

23

1

4

2

4

1

13

2

1

6

1

1

9

1

58

4

235


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








166Technical Report

Appendix Table 53. Trophic guild of other arthropods per vegetation type of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP).

PHYTOPHAGOUS Acarina Eriophyidae Eriophyes sp.PREDACEOUS Phalangida Phalangids 22 17 17 10 4 18 1 7 62 3 4 71


MossyForest

MontaneForest

AlmacigaForest








Project Leader: Edgardo C. Aranico, Jose B. Arances (Ex-officio) Study Leader: Myrna G. Ballentes Researcher: Alma B. Mohagan Resource Person: Victor P. Gapud Research Assistant: Maria Catherine P. Espallardo Research Aide: Myrna O. Zarcilla Editing/Layout: Ma. Lorica C. Jarmin Overall Coordinator: Mariliza V. Ticsay Production Coordinator: Carina S. Fule Production Assistant: Gerlie D. Rivera

Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao:

Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs

National Support Secretariat (NSS) SEAMEO SEARCA, College, Laguna

4031 Philippines

ISBN 971-560-125-1

arthropod faunal diversity and relevant interrelationships...

Documents