ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid ArthritisPresented By:

Ali Raza Ansar

Qudsia Sehar

Hafsa Kabir

Introduction • Joint disorder that cause inflammation• Over 100 types of Arthritis• Most Common is Rheumatoid Arthritis and

osteoarthritis, both are autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms– Inability to use the hand or walk– Malaise and a feeling of tiredness–Weight loss– Poor sleep–Muscle aches and pains– Tenderness– Difficulty moving the joint

Biology Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1. Genetic Basis of RA:–HLA genes: HLA-DR1 and DR4 are

associated with disease–PDAI: Peptidyl arginine deaminase gene–PTN22 gene: Regulates kinases

2. Autoantibodies:–Rh factor: Antibody, binds to the Fc region

of IgG.

–ACPA: Anti-citrullinated protein antibody, MHC class-II, specially bearing “shared epitope” bind efficiently with citrullinated proteins. An immune response is triggered producing ACPA.

3. Inflammation and bone deformity:–Different cytokines are involved–IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα are important–Normal bone remodeling

• Osteoblasts • Osteoclasts

–NF-κB plays significant role in RA pathogenesi–Role of estrogen

Diagnosis of Arthritis

Diagnostic Tools 1. Physical Examination

2. Laboratory Tests

3. Medical Imaging

Laboratory Tests

• Rheumatoid factor• Erythrocyte sedimentation Rate• C-reactive protein• Anti-cylic citullinated Peptide Antibody Test• Antinuclear Antibodies• Compete blood count

Treatment

• Drug treatment• Occupational/physical therapy• Surgery• Biologics

Drug Treatment

• Pain killers • NSAID’S (non-steroidal anti inflammatory

drug)• Cox-2 inhibitors• Gold injections

• Physical therapy

• Surgery

Performed when patients are non-responsive for treatment

Biotechnological Applications in Treatment

• Biologics– Use specifically for rheumatoid arthritis– Target specific• Act only on immune system

– Anti- t.f is an example

Current Research Projects

• DEVELOPMENT OF ANTISENSE THERAPY OF ARTHRITIS

• DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOMARKER FOR RA

Development of Antisense Therapy of Arthritis

• Developed by BGN technologies

• Target cPLA-2

• Inhibits the synthesis of c-PLA 2 ENZYME

Development of a Biomarker For RA

• RA biomarker based on 14-3-3η protein

• It is an intracellular protein

• Suffering from RA it is involved in joints deformation and is released inside joints

QUESTIONS