arteries of the face

8/3/2019 Arteries of the Face

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ARTERIESOF THEFACE


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1. FACIAL ARTERYTHE FACIAL ARTERY SUPPLIES THE MUSCLES ANDTISSUES OF THE FACE, THE SUBLINGUAL GLAND,THE TONSIL AND THE SOFT PALATE.FACIAL ARTERY ARISES FROM THE FRONT OF THEEXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY IN THE CAROTID

TRIANGLE ABOVE THE LINGUAL ARTERY, ANDIMMEDIATELY ABOVE THE GREATER CORNU OF THEHYOID BONE. MEDIAL TO THE RAMUS OF THEMANDIBLE IT ARCHES UPWARDS AND GROOVES THEPOSTERIOR BORDER OF THE SUB MANDIBULAR

GLAND. IT NEXT TURNS DOWNWARDS ANDFORWARDS BETWEEN THE GLAND AND THE MEDIALPTERYGOID AND REACHING THE LOWER BORDEROF THE MANDIBLE HOOKS ROUND IT AT THEANTERIOR EDGE OF THE MASSETER AND ENTER

THE FACE.


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CERVICALBRANCHES1. THEASCENDINGPALATINEARTERY2. THETONSILLARYARTERY3. THEGLANDULARBRANCHES4. THESUBMENTALARTERY: ITBRANCHESOFFASIT

QUITETHESUBMANDIBULARGLAND; ITRUNSFORWARDSUPONTHEMYLOHYOIDBELOWTHEBODYOFTHEMANDIBLE. ITSUPPLIESTHESURROUNDINGMUSCLE

ANDANASTAMOSESWITHSUBLINGUALBRANCHESOF

THESUBLINGUALARTERYANDTHEMYLOHYOIDBRANCHOFTHEINFERIORALVEOLARARTERY.ATTHECHINITTURNSUPWARDSOVERTHEBASEOFTHEMANDIBLEANDDIVIDESINTOSUPERFICIALANDDEEPBRANCHESWHICHANASTAMOSESWITHINTERIOR

LABIALANDMENTALARTERIES, SUPPLYINGTHECHINANDLOWERLIP.


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1. The interior labial artery : Arises near the angleof the mouth; it passes upwards and forwardsunder cover of the depressor anguli oris andpenetrating the orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous

course near the edge of the lower lip between thismuscle and the mucous membrane.

It supplies the glands, mucous membrane, and

muscle of the lower lip and anastamoses with arteryof the opposite side and with the mental branch ofthe inferior alveolar artery.


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2. The superior labial artery: It follows a similarcourse near the edge of the upper lip, lyingbetween the mucous membrane and the orbicularisoris, and anastamoses with artery of the opposite

side.It supplies the upper lip, and gives off a septalbranch, which ramifies on the lower and front partof the nasal septum and an alar branch, to the ala

of the nose.


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3. The lateral nasal branch. Is derived from thefacial artery as the vessel ascends along the side ofthe nose.It supplies the ala and dorsum of the nose,

anastamosing with its fellow with the septal and alarbranches of the superior labial artery; with thedorsal nasal ramus of the ophthalmic artery; andwith the infra orbital branch of the maxillary artery.The lateral nasal artery may be represented by

several small ramii it may alternatively arise fromthe superior labial artery, diverging from its septalbranch.


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The Anastamoses of the facial artery are verynumerous, not only within the branches of thevessel of the opposite side, but in the neck.With sublingual branch of lingual

With the ascending pharyngeal andWith palatine branch of maxillary


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VariationsThe facial artery not infrequently arises in common withthe lingual artery, constituting the linguo facial trunk. Itvaries in size and in the extend to which it supplies theface:

It occasionally ends by forming the submental artery andnot infrequently extends only as high as the angle of themouth or nose.The deficiency is then compensated for by enlargementof one of the neighboring arteries.In a series of 110 human fetuses a common linguo-facial

trunk occurred in 43 percent. In 42 percent it did notreach the medial orbital angle, terminating as thesuperior (20 percent) or inferior (22 percent) labialartery.


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ANATOMY:

Applied anatomy.The superior and interior labial branches supply the lipsand lie in the submucous tissue. During operations onthe lips these vessel may be controlled by an assistant

who grasps the lip between his finger and thumb, orthey may readily be occluded by spring clamps whichtake the whole thickness or the lip.The superior labial gives a small artery to the nasalseptum and troublesome epistaxis may occur from thevessel as a result of small septic ulcer of the anterior

portion of the septum. The epistaxis may occur from thevessel as a result of small septic ulcer of the anteriorportion of the septum. The epistaxis may be temporarilyarrested by compressing the labial trunk in the upper lipof the affected side.


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THE SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY

2. THE SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERYArises in the parotid gland as one of the two terminalbranches of the external carotid artery. It emerges from thesuperior aspect of the parotid gland in front of the ear. It isaccompanies in its course by the auriculo temporal branch of

V3. The artery divides into a frontal and parietal branch abovethe zygoma and is distributed to the scalp overlying the frontaland parietal bones, respectively.A transverse facial artery may arise from the superficialtemporal artery within the parotid. The transverse facial arterycourse between the parotid duct and the zygomatic arch to

supply the facial tissue over the body of zygoma.

A temporal pulse is frequently taken by compressing thesuperficial temporal artery against the Squamous part of thetemporal bone above the ears.


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THE POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY

3. THE POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY (Branch of ext. carotid artery)Arises posteriorly from the external carotid artery itascends between the superior surface of the

posterior belly of the digastric muscle and theparotid gland. It grooves the base of the skullbetween the mastoid process and auricle.


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THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

The Internal Carotid ArteryGives rise to the ophthalmic artery. Its

supra trochlear and supra orbital

branches supply the forehead andanterior scalp. It anastomoses with

superficial temporal, facial and

posterior auricular branches of theexternal carotid artery.

arteries of the face

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