art. the science of science advice the european context: european science advisory network for...
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Art
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The science of science advice The European context: European
Science Advisory Network for HealthImproving Science Advice project (EuSANH
– ISA) Future perspectives
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Progress average life expectancy in developed
countries: by about 25 years in 20th century(health related) quality of life >>
Remaining and new issuessocial gradients, ageing, mental health, food
and nutrition, lifestyle, environment, quality of care
infectious diseasesopportunities/risks new technologiesethical implications
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Increasing knowledge implies new opportunities, but also higher responsibility
International dimension of problems and knowledge
Culture of justification, accountability, and transparency
Increased expectations/demands from the public: predictable effect, no-risk
Public interest groups Media pressure Time pressure Longterm impact shortterm policies
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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
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Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888 – 1965):
Where is the life we have lost in living,Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?
(Chorus from the rock)
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Science advice: recommendations for policy based on knowledge, considering also expert judgment, ethical and societal aspects,and ‘experience expertise’
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Important study subject per se Priority, relevance, impact, evaluation Quality and reproducibility (ceteris
paribus, mutatis mutandis) International standard development Common methodological basis
(compare EBM, Cochrane, HTA)
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OriginExternal (government agency, parliament,
researchers, professionals, public/patients) Internal
MotiveUncertainty over best policyPublic credibilityConflict resolution
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As science itself, science advice can (should) only be convincing when based on solid methodology
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- A clear question
- An appropriate working method
- expertise (quality and composition committee)
- evidence base (literature - quantitative, qualitative), investigations,
- analysis: SR/MA & appraisal, HTA, expert judgment, ethical analysis, context
- experience expertise, stakeholder involvement/consultation
- reaching conclusions/recommendations/options
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Committee: the best experts in the field of interest
Multidisciplinarity, balance Authority committee chair Volunteer participation; no honorarium Independence and integrity, disclosure of
interests Skill and experience of the Staff Independent peer review (internal, external)
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Adequacy of funding Timeliness (product differentiation) Relation to policy makers and politics (content
and progress) Communication/dissemination Implementability implementation Evaluation
Transparency
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(IOM)
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It is easy to lie with statistics.It is even easier to lie without them.
Frederick Mosteller
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It is easy to make bad policy with science.It is even easier to make bad policy without
science. Harvey Fineberg
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Policy makers Health professionals Public Business and civic leaders Patient interest groups Educators and researchers Others
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Science has longterm scope Good science has shown to be effective in
history Science advice
not to reproduce straightforward research results (e.g., RCTs on singular treatment effects)
should focus on more complex issues, uncertainties, disagreement
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Science is international by definition Many public health problems are border
crossing In EU, with ever intensifying interactions
in addition to national approaches, increasing international dimensions
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Complexity of problems Cumulation of knowledge Scarcity of expertise Limited resources Quality optimisation
international exchange, sharing, & collaboration easier when methods have commons basis
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• ‘The commission in general and DG Sanco in particular attach high importance to the use of sound science to underpin its work, and strive therefore to ensure that its scientific advice is of the highest quality.’
• ‘… make the best use of external experts and benefit from the enormous reservoir in the Community and beyond.’
(Sanco DG Robert Madelin, 2004)
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Combining (scarce) expertise, efforts and resources in the field of science advice: quality, effectiveness/efficiency, coverage
To promote evidence informed policy making at the national and European level
With the objective to improve the health of the population
Target groups: policy makers, professionals, other stakeholders, the public
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• Statutory Advisory bodies• Permanent• Advising to government/parliament• Independent• Broad scope
• 13 MS currently involved
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e.g., ageing, lifestyle issues diabetes, obesity, population screening, cost-effectiveness/benefit questions
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Pan/epi-demicsair qualityfood safetyhealthcare
infrequent disorders/treatments extensive infrastructure for treatment (e.g., heart transplantation in young children)
comparative analysishealth system performancehealth disparities
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Cultural and ethical diversity Socio-economic health differences Antibiotic resistence Organ donation Primary care orientation
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Life expectancy women, at birth
EU-25France
HungaryPoland
UK
EU-15Italy
NetherlandsPortugalSweden
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Exchanging/sharing scientific knowledge and expertise
Complementarity of working programmes
Sharing expertise in collaborative advisory committees
Joint advisory reports National governments European bodies
Level
of co-
opera-
tion
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The Directorate General Research - launched an e-Network to make
scientific advice more available at the EU and national level: SINAPSE (Scientific Information for Policy Support in Europe).
- keen to support initiatives to strenghten science-based policy making
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Variety of topics but also overlap Many reports not available in English Method:
Variety of methods: not always explicit justification
Evidence, expert judgment and experience Existing evidence and/or additional surveys Stakeholders and peer review not always
mentioned Recommendations for implementation need
more attention Procedures to safeguard independence not
always mentioned
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EuSANH-ISAImproving Science Advice for Health in
Europe
To improve quality, effectiveness and efficiency of science advice for health across Europe
Current status in EuSANH member countries; thematic analysis of reports from each participant country.
Common ‘best practice’ methodology for science advice Communication and co-operation structure for the expanding
network, using the SINAPSE e-communication tool. Test the common methodology and the network by
developing in a case study for a European report. Internal and external diss emination of results
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Globalize the evidence localize the decision (John M Eisenberg, Agency for healthcare research and quality US)
Health Aff (Millwood) 2002; 21: 166-8)
Proportionality and subsidiarity: what advice on national level, between individual states, or EU level ?
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Cross-border scientific advice to bridge gaps in the field of science and health between science and policy to guide policy makers to anticipate rather than be
reluctant EuSANH to be a generally recognised source for
independent science advice for health in the European policy arena
Complementarity/collaboration other actors Compare USA: CDC,FDA <-> IOM
ECDC, EFSA, EMEA <-> EuSANH