Through the examination of 5 different controversial works of art, it was determined all 5 pieces explored are works of art done by conceptual artists. Beginning with Fred Forest buying an area of blank space in the newspaper Le Monde in 1972, and asking readers to fill in the space, he creates an innovative artwork collaborating different types of art pieces by different people. Secondly, Walter De Marias Vertical Earth Kilometer uses an idea of unseen and abstract distance with his brass rod in 1977 to create another controversial piece of art. Next, Yoko Ono fabricated structured and constructed Grapefruit in 1964 based on personal experiences in order to create this famous artwork. Maurizio Bolognini constructs chains of programmed machines in 1992 to generate inexhaustable flows of random images with a steady flow, limitless in space and time, and the possibility of creating parallel universes thus rendering another creative and innovative art. Lastly, Vanessa Beecrofts VB01 film uses photography to depict female models in different times and spaces to express her conceptual aesthetic concerns to the general public. The similarities between each of these 5 artists particular piece of art is that they are all conceptual, innovative, and unheard of during that period of time. The controversy builds up an underlying theme of who creates art, who defines it, who can make it, and why art is important.

Grapefruit is an artist's book written by Yoko Ono, originally published in 1964. It has become famous as an early example of conceptual art, containing a series of "event scores" that replace the physical work of art the traditional stock-in-trade of artists with instructions that an individual may, or may not, wish to enact.

Grapefruit is one of the monuments of conceptual art of the early 1960s, She has a lyrical, poetic dimension that sets her apart from the other conceptual artists. Her approach to art was only made acceptable when white men like Kosuth and Weiner came in and did virtually the same thing as Yoko, but made them respectable and collectible.

Yoko Ono, wife of John Lennon, was born into a wealthy family in Tokyo where she was educated at the prestigious Gakushuin School and then later moved to New York City in 1951. Yoko Ono was not just an artist but also an author, activist, actress, filmmaker, and musician. Grapefruit: A Book of Instructions and Drawings by Yoko Ono (1964) has become famous as an early example of conceptual art. In other words, containing a series of event scores that replace the physical work of art. Physical works of art are the traditional stock-in-trade of artists, which usually include instructions that a person may, or may not, wish to enact. The introduction of Grapefruit was in fact written by John Lennon whom Yoko Ono met at the Indica Galley and then married in 1969. The book is structured in a zen-like instruction manual that is divided into six categories that reflect Onos broad interests, which involve music, painting, event, poetry, film, and dance. Lennon quotes Grapefruit, the greatest book Ive ever burned after both finished reading it. However, originally, Grapefruit was originally published in a limited edition but then was re-edited with a new prologue years later. The novel is one of the monuments of conceptual art of the early 1960s. However, Yoko Ono was set apart from other conceptual artists. What made her stand out from others was her approach to be made acceptable when white men came in. Yoko Ono describes and defines the elusive nature of her pieces, My painting, which is all made up of instructions, came after they entered the world of collage and assembly and happening. If we take into account the nature of my painting, we can use any of the three mentioned words or a new one instead of the word painting.