arsenic at the amazon
DESCRIPTION
As is high in Amazonian waters coming from the AndesTRANSCRIPT
La Paz
Quito
Bogotá
Boa Vista
Belem
Cuiabá
Scarpelli
Brasília
ARSENIC IN AMAZON BASIN RIVERS
Wilson Scarpelli [email protected]
2,000 km
La Paz
Quito
Bogotá
Boa Vista
ManausBelem
Porto Velho
Cruzeiro do Sul
Cuiabá
Scarpelli
Brasília
DEEP WEATHERING
INTENSIVE EROSION
2,000 km
La Paz
Bogotá
Belem
Scarpelli
Óbidos
209,000 m3/sec
600,000 tpy solidsSolimões River 65% of the solids
Madeira River 32% of the solids
Seyler, P.T. and Boaventura, G.R., in “Trace Elements in the Mainstem Amazon River”, in “Biogeochemistry of the
Amazon Basin”, Oxford Press, 2001, pg. 307-327
Brasília
NW Brazil
La Lunal
Araca
SolimõesManaus
Santarém
Scarpelli
RIO DE LA LUNA RIO DE LA LUNA
It flows from La Paz.It flows from La Paz.
There are more than 1,000 There are more than 1,000 m of difference in m of difference in
elevation between the elevation between the higher and the lower of higher and the lower of
points.points.
From H. Sioli, “The Amazon”
1984
ARACA RIVER ARACA RIVER VALLEYVALLEY
At east of La Paz, in the At east of La Paz, in the headwaters of the Rio headwaters of the Rio
Beni, contributor to the Beni, contributor to the Madeira River.Madeira River.
Topographic shoulders Topographic shoulders being taken by erosion.being taken by erosion.
The peaks of the Quinza The peaks of the Quinza Cruz Cordillera reach Cruz Cordillera reach more than 4,800 m of more than 4,800 m of
elevation, while the river elevation, while the river flows below the elevation flows below the elevation of 3,000 m. The indicated of 3,000 m. The indicated
buildings are at 3,800 m of buildings are at 3,800 m of elevation.elevation.
Scarpelli
MANAUS
SOLIMÕES RIVER
NEGRO RIVER
MADEIRA RIVER
Scarpelli
Scarpelli
NORTH-NORTH-WESTERN WESTERN BORDER BORDER
BETWEEN BETWEEN BRAZIL AND BRAZIL AND
BOLIVIABOLIVIA
MANAUS
NEGRO RIVER
SOLIMÕES RIVER
Scarpelli
SANTAREM
TAPAJÓS RIVER
AMAZON RIVER
ScarpelliScarpelli
ANEEL SEDIMENTOMETRIC NETWORK
Scarpelli
Scarpelli
Scarpelli
Scarpelli
Scarpelli
14
9
9816
8
77
633
6 3
776
78
16 89
14
12
77
5
5
0,8
0
9
ARSENIC AT THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON RIVER Sampling and assaying by
LAQUANAM (Univ. Fed. Pará)
( mg As / m3 )
In this sector of the North Channel, 24 t of As per meter of water depth.
In this sector of the Breves Through and Pará River, 20 t de As per meter of water depth.
100 km
Scarpelli
Breves Through
North Channel
South Channel
Pará River
33
6633
66
77
77
88 1616
88 99
1414
99
55
55
7777
2211
LAQUANAM LAQUANAM SAMPLINGSAMPLING
andand
SAMPLING HOLES SAMPLING HOLES
OF THE OF THE
MULTIDISCIPLINARY MULTIDISCIPLINARY
AMAZON SHELF AMAZON SHELF
SEDIMENTARY SEDIMENTARY
STUDYSTUDY
BELEM
MACAPÁ
Santana
Sampling of Sampling of
LAQUANAM LAQUANAM
(mg/m(mg/m33 As) As)
100 km
Sampling sites Sampling sites
where liberation of where liberation of
As from sediments As from sediments
was observedwas observed
ost 3
ost 2
ost 1
rtm 3
rtm 2
rtm 1
current direction
Scarpelli
<1<1
25 m55 m
75 m
High water flow
Low water flow
Scarpelli
ARSENIC AND IRON IN ARSENIC AND IRON IN INTERSTITIAL WATERS, AT INTERSTITIAL WATERS, AT THE TOP OF THE SEDIMENT THE TOP OF THE SEDIMENT COLUMN, AT THE AMAZON COLUMN, AT THE AMAZON
DELTADELTA
NORTHWEST PROFILE NORTHWEST PROFILE (OST DRILL HOLES)(OST DRILL HOLES)
(Sullivan, K.A. and Aller, R.C., “Diagenetic cycling of arsenic in
Amazon shelf sediments”, Geoc.&Cosm.Acta vol.60, pp.1465-
1477, 1996)
(original values presented in uM, recalculated to ppb, or mg/m3,
and ppm)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
As
(pp
b
=
mg
/m3 )
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
Fe
(pp
m)
25 m55 m
75 m
High water flow
Low water flow
Scarpelli
ARSENIC AND IRON IN ARSENIC AND IRON IN INTERSTITIAL WATERS, AT INTERSTITIAL WATERS, AT THE TOP OF THE SEDIMENT THE TOP OF THE SEDIMENT COLUMN, AT THE AMAZON COLUMN, AT THE AMAZON
DELTADELTA
SOUTHEAST PROFILE SOUTHEAST PROFILE (MRT DRILL HOLES)(MRT DRILL HOLES)
(Sullivan, K.A. and Aller, R.C., “Diagenetic cycling of arsenic in
Amazon shelf sediments”, Geoc.&Cosm.Acta vol.60, pp.1465-
1477, 1996)
(original values presented in uM, recalculated to ppb, or mg/m3,
and ppm)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
As
(pp
b
=
mg
/m3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
Fe
(pp
m)
25 m55 m
75 mHigh water flow
Low water flow
NORTHWEST PROFILE SOUTHEAST PROFILE
Scarpelli
ARSENIC AND IRON IN INTERSTITIAL ARSENIC AND IRON IN INTERSTITIAL WATERS, AT THE TOP OF THE SEDIMENT WATERS, AT THE TOP OF THE SEDIMENT
COLUMN, AT THE AMAZON DELTACOLUMN, AT THE AMAZON DELTA
(Sullivan, K.A. and Aller, R.C., “Diagenetic cycling of arsenic in Amazon shelf sediments”,
Geoc.&Cosm.Acta vol.60, pp.1465-1477, 1996)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
As
(pp
b
=
mg
/m3 )
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
As
(pp
b
=
mg
/m3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
Fe
(pp
m)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5 15 25 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 185 215 245
Depth (cm)
Fe
(pp
m)