Table S1 The 480 estimates of Q10 values used in this global synthesis. Some soil respiration vs. temperature data are provided in the separated

Table S3.

No. Country Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) Ecosystem type Q10 References1 Czech Republic 49.50 18.54 908 Forest 3.74 Acosta et al., 20042 Japan 40.00 140.56 Forest 2.67 Atarashi-Andoh et al., 20123 United Kingdom 55.17 -2.05 Forest 1.07 Ball et al., 2007b4 United Kingdom 55.17 -2.05 Forest 1.08 Ball et al., 2007b5 United Kingdom 55.17 -2.05 Forest 1.13 Ball et al., 2007b6 Canada 49.69 -74.34 Forest 3.41 Bergeron et al., 20097 USA 42.50 -72.20 Forest 3.5 Boone et al., 19988 Germany 51.77 9.58 375 Forest 3.7 Borken & Beese, 20059 Germany 51.77 9.58 375 Forest 2.98 Borken & Beese, 200510 Germany 51.77 9.58 375 Forest 2.82 Borken & Beese, 200511 Germany 51.77 9.58 375 Forest 2.74 Borken & Beese, 200512 Germany 51.73 9.65 300 Forest 2.3 Brumme, 199513 Germany 50.13 11.87 770 Forest 2.41 Buchmann, 200014 Germany 50.13 11.87 770 Forest 3.22 Buchmann, 200015 Germany 50.13 11.87 770 Forest 2.86 Buchmann, 200016 Germany 50.13 11.87 770 Forest 2.39 Buchmann, 200017 USA 35.97 -79.13 Forest 2.81 Butnor et al., 200318 USA Forest 2 Butnor et al., 200619 USA Forest 1.6 Butnor et al., 200620 Spain 41.73 1.65 Forest 3 Chang et al., 2016

1

21 Spain 41.73 1.65 Forest 1.37 Chang et al., 201622 Canada 49.87 -125.34 330 Forest 4.84 Chen et al., 2009a23 China 22.57 112.83 Forest 2.57 Chen et al., 2009b24 China 22.57 112.83 Forest 3.5 Chen et al., 2009b25 China 22.57 112.83 60.7 Forest 2.83 Chen et al., 2009c26 China 22.57 112.83 60.7 Forest 1.79 Chen et al., 2009c27 China 22.57 112.83 60.7 Forest 2.41 Chen et al., 2009c28 China 22.57 112.83 60.7 Forest 1.69 Chen et al., 2009c29 China 40.02 116.38 51 Forest 2.3 Chen et al., 201330 USA 29.73 -82.16 Forest 1.6 Clark et al., 200431 USA 29.73 -82.16 Forest 1.75 Clark et al., 200432 USA 29.73 -82.16 Forest 2.05 Clark et al., 200433 USA 38.90 -120.63 1315 Forest 3.1 Curiel Yuste et al., 200734 USA 38.43 -120.97 177 Forest 1.9 Curiel Yuste et al., 200735 Italy 41.08 12.45 1100 Forest 1.73 De Santo et al., 197636 Italy 41.08 12.45 1000 Forest 1.9 De Santo et al., 197637 USA 41.55 -83.84 Forest 2.97 DeForest et al., 200638 New Zealand -43.20 170.30 Forest 2.21 DeLucia et al., 200339 China 23.33 113.50 Forest 1.86 Deng et al., 201040 China 23.33 113.50 Forest 1.81 Deng et al., 201041 China 23.17 112.60 250 Forest 2.19 Deng et al., 201242 China 23.17 112.60 260 Forest 1.74 Deng et al., 201243 China 23.17 112.60 260 Forest 1.72 Deng et al., 201244 China 23.17 112.60 250 Forest 1.93 Deng et al., 201245 China 23.17 112.60 260 Forest 1.93 Deng et al., 2012

2

46 China 23.17 112.60 260 Forest 1.91 Deng et al., 201247 China 23.33 113.50 Forest 2.21 Deng et al., 2013a48 China 23.33 113.50 Forest 1.53 Deng et al., 2013a49 Brazil -2.59 -60.12 Forest 1.8 Doff sotta et al., 200450 China Forest 2.4 Du et al., 200751 China Forest 2.49 Du et al., 200752 China Forest 3.72 Du et al., 200753 USA 46.67 -91.25 350 Forest 1.67 Euskirchen et al., 200354 USA 46.67 -91.25 350 Forest 1.74 Euskirchen et al., 200355 USA 46.67 -91.25 350 Forest 1.44 Euskirchen et al., 200356 USA 46.67 -91.25 350 Forest 1.84 Euskirchen et al., 200357 USA 46.67 -91.25 350 Forest 2.04 Euskirchen et al., 200358 China 36.30 111.75 1560 Forest 2.51 Fan et al., 201559 USA 29.73 -82.15 49 Forest 2.5 Fang et al., 199860 China 23.17 112.55 Forest 2.53 Fang et al., 200961 Spain 43.15 -7.75 469 Forest 2.94 Fernandez et al., 201262 Switzerland 46.72 7.77 1510 Forest 3.24 Graf Pannatier et al., 201263 Switzerland 47.17 9.07 730 Forest 3.68 Graf Pannatier et al., 201264 Switzerland 47.27 7.88 480 Forest 2.56 Graf Pannatier et al., 201265 USA 64.75 -148.25 Forest 3.3 Grogan & ChapinIii, 199966 USA 48.30 -124.70 710 Forest 2.96 Guyette et al., 200267 USA 48.30 -124.70 669 Forest 2.72 Guyette et al., 200268 USA 48.30 -124.70 955 Forest 3.25 Guyette et al., 200269 USA 48.30 -124.70 898 Forest 1.91 Guyette et al., 200270 USA 48.30 -124.70 1423 Forest 2.5 Guyette et al., 2002

3

71 USA 48.30 -124.70 1450 Forest 4.92 Guyette et al., 200272 USA 48.30 -124.70 568 Forest 2.25 Guyette et al., 200273 USA 48.30 -124.70 940 Forest 3.14 Guyette et al., 200274 USA 48.30 -124.70 1383 Forest 1.62 Guyette et al., 200275 USA 48.30 -124.70 480 Forest 2.92 Guyette et al., 200276 USA 48.30 -124.70 175 Forest 3.69 Guyette et al., 200277 Switzerland 46.77 9.87 2180 Forest 2.5 Hagedorn et al., 201078 Switzerland 46.77 9.87 2180 Forest 2.6 Hagedorn et al., 201079 Japan 40.00 140.94 825 Forest 3.45 Hashimoto et al., 200980 Japan 40.00 140.94 825 Forest 3.98 Hashimoto et al., 200981 United Kingdom 53.91 -1.00 Forest 3.04 Heinemeyer et al., 200782 United Kingdom 53.91 -1.00 Forest 4.19 Heinemeyer et al., 200783 Canada 55.88 -98.48 Forest 2 Hirsch et al., 200284 Japan 42.43 142.49 Forest 1.92 Hu et al., 200185 China 26.80 117.97 254 Forest 2.13 Hu et al., 201486 China 51.37 125.48 650 Forest 2.36 Hu et al., 201787 Canada 49.87 -125.33 Forest 2.2 Humphreys et al., 200688 Canada 49.52 -124.90 Forest 2.6 Humphreys et al., 200689 Canada 49.87 -125.28 Forest 2 Humphreys et al., 200690 China 30.00 139.00 120 Forest 1.28 Iqbal et al., 200891 China 30.00 139.00 120 Forest 1.28 Iqbal et al., 200892 Japan 43.67 143.10 1000 Forest 2.46 Ishizuka et al., 200693 Japan 42.97 141.17 322 Forest 2.27 Ishizuka et al., 200694 Japan 42.93 141.27 440 Forest 2.34 Ishizuka et al., 200695 Japan 42.98 141.38 240 Forest 2.72 Ishizuka et al., 2006

4

96 Japan 42.98 141.38 260 Forest 2.51 Ishizuka et al., 200697 Japan 42.98 141.38 175 Forest 2.34 Ishizuka et al., 200698 Japan 39.98 140.90 825 Forest 3.42 Ishizuka et al., 200699 Japan 39.98 140.40 200 Forest 1.72 Ishizuka et al., 2006100 Japan 39.77 140.72 350 Forest 3.13 Ishizuka et al., 2006101 Japan 36.93 140.58 650 Forest 3.87 Ishizuka et al., 2006102 Japan 36.58 140.58 380 Forest 4.48 Ishizuka et al., 2006103 Japan 36.30 140.15 470 Forest 3.63 Ishizuka et al., 2006104 Japan 36.32 140.15 250 Forest 1.97 Ishizuka et al., 2006105 Japan 36.17 140.18 330 Forest 1.7 Ishizuka et al., 2006106 Japan 36.00 140.13 22 Forest 1.75 Ishizuka et al., 2006107 Japan 35.92 137.32 1350 Forest 3.49 Ishizuka et al., 2006108 Japan 35.85 138.65 2090 Forest 2.56 Ishizuka et al., 2006109 Japan 35.85 138.65 2080 Forest 3.35 Ishizuka et al., 2006110 Japan 35.23 137.13 630 Forest 1.65 Ishizuka et al., 2006111 Japan 35.20 137.57 1010 Forest 2.29 Ishizuka et al., 2006112 Japan 33.08 130.43 165 Forest 3.63 Ishizuka et al., 2006113 Japan 26.52 127.98 100 Forest 5.37 Ishizuka et al., 2006114 Canada 49.85 -125.32 300 Forest 3.7 Jassal et al., 2005115 Canada 49.87 -125.33 Forest 4.72 Jassal et al., 2007116 China 45.38 127.50 Forest 2.81 Jia et al., 2010117 China 45.33 127.57 340 Forest 3.67 Jiang et al., 2005a118 China 45.33 127.57 340 Forest 4.06 Jiang et al., 2005a119 China 42.40 128.10 740 Forest 5.51 Jiang et al., 2005b120 China 23.17 112.38 225 Forest 2.11 Jiang et al., 2013

5

121 China 23.17 112.38 225 Forest 2.13 Jiang et al., 2013122 China 23.17 112.38 225 Forest 2.14 Jiang et al., 2013123 China 18.73 108.90 870 Forest 2.7 Jiang et al., 2016124 China 18.74 108.86 880 Forest 2.34 Jiang et al., 2016125 China 18.73 108.90 870 Forest 2.45 Jiang et al., 2016126 China 18.74 108.86 880 Forest 2.26 Jiang et al., 2016127 South Korea 37.55 126.98 220 Forest 2.64 Joo et al., 2012128 Canada 45.60 -62.00 10 Forest 2.22 Kellman et al., 2007129 USA 65.33 -146.90 757.5 Forest 1.82 Kelsey et al., 2012130 Germany 51.08 10.45 440 Forest 2.82 Knohl et al., 2008131 Panama 9.10 -79.83 43 Forest 3.96 Koehler et al., 2009132 Panama 8.75 -82.25 1250 Forest 2.7 Koehler et al., 2009133 USA 34.40 -89.83 240 Forest 1.7 Koh et al., 2009134 Finland 61.85 24.28 180 Forest 2.7 Kolari et al., 2009135 Estonia 58.25 27.27 39 Forest 3.5 Kukumägi et al., 2017136 Estonia 58.25 27.27 39 Forest 3.1 Kukumägi et al., 2017137 Estonia 58.25 27.27 39 Forest 2.6 Kukumägi et al., 2017138 Estonia 58.25 27.27 39 Forest 2.6 Kukumägi et al., 2017139 Estonia 58.25 27.27 39 Forest 2.4 Kukumägi et al., 2017140 Estonia 58.25 27.27 39 Forest 2.6 Kukumägi et al., 2017141 Canada 49.16 -78.83 Forest 2.59 Laganière et al., 2012142 Canada 49.16 -78.83 Forest 2.22 Laganière et al., 2012143 Canada 49.16 -78.83 Forest 2.06 Laganière et al., 2012144 China 21.92 101.27 561 Forest 2.87 Lang et al., 2017145 China 21.90 101.27 596 Forest 1.42 Lang et al., 2017

6

146 China 21.90 101.27 611 Forest 1.6 Lang et al., 2017147 China 21.93 101.23 585 Forest 2.27 Lang et al., 2017148 Canada 53.75 -105.25 Forest 2.35 Lavigne et al., 1997149 Canada 53.75 -105.25 Forest 1.95 Lavigne et al., 1997150 Canada 53.75 -105.25 Forest 1.95 Lavigne et al., 1997151 Canada 47.32 -71.10 700 Forest 2.01 Lavigne et al., 2003152 Canada 47.73 -68.15 400 Forest 2.85 Lavigne et al., 2003153 Canada 46.03 -66.38 50 Forest 2.79 Lavigne et al., 2003154 Canada 46.03 -66.38 50 Forest 2.78 Lavigne et al., 2003155 Canada 46.03 -66.38 Forest 2.72 Lavigne et al., 2004156 Japan 36.13 137.37 825 Forest 1.79 Lee et al., 2008157 USA 37.10 -91.20 Forest 1.73 Li et al., 2012158 USA 37.10 -91.20 　 Forest 1.77 Li et al., 2012159 USA 37.10 -91.20 Forest 2.19 Li et al., 2012160 Japan 42.73 141.52 125 Forest 2.3 Liang et al., 2004161 Japan 42.73 141.52 125 Forest 3.13 Liang et al., 2010a162 Japan 42.73 141.52 125 Forest 4.39 Liang et al., 2010a163 China 42.00 128.00 798 Forest 2.7 Liang et al., 2010b164 China 42.00 128.00 747 Forest 2.78 Liang et al., 2010b165 China 42.00 128.00 775 Forest 2.28 Liang et al., 2010b166 China 42.00 128.00 751 Forest 2.2 Liang et al., 2010b167 China 42.40 128.47 690 Forest 2.44 Liu et al., 2005168 China 30.37 120.30 150 Forest 2.46 Liu et al., 2011169 China 30.37 120.30 150 Forest 3.23 Liu et al., 2011170 China 30.37 120.30 150 Forest 1.92 Liu et al., 2011

7

171 China 33.47 111.93 1400 Forest 2.35 Liu et al., 2016172 China 19.92 117.60 300 Forest 1.46 Liu et al., 2017173 China 33.50 112.00 1450 Forest 3.64 Luan et al., 2011174 China 33.50 112.00 1400 Forest 3.8 Luan et al., 2012175 China 33.50 112.00 1400 Forest 4.25 Luan et al., 2012176 China 33.47 111.93 1400 Forest 3.8 Luan et al., 2013177 China 33.47 111.93 1400 Forest 4.25 Luan et al., 2013178 USA 36.97 -119.03 2183 Forest 1.75 Ma et al., 2005179 China 42.41 117.25 1505 Forest 3 Ma et al., 2014180 China 42.41 117.25 1505 Forest 2.83 Ma et al., 2014181 China 42.41 117.25 1505 Forest 2.66 Ma et al., 2014182 Canada 49.17 -88.65 Forest 1.11 Mallik & Hu, 1997183 Canada 49.17 -88.65 Forest 1.73 Mallik & Hu, 1997184 Spain 37.08 3.47 1650 Forest 1.24 Matías et al., 2012185 Italy 43.72 10.28 6 Forest 1.62 Matteucci et al., 2015186 Austria 47.78 13.63 1000 Forest 2.39 Mayer et al., 2017187 USA 43.98 -74.23 530 Forest 2.18 McHale et al., 1998188 Finland 58.98 25.45 78 Forest 2.09 Minkkinen et al., 2007189 Finland 61.37 25.12 115 Forest 2.86 Minkkinen et al., 2007190 Estonia 66.35 26.62 180 Forest 2.64 Minkkinen et al., 2007191 China 23.17 112.17 200 Forest 1.93 Mo et al., 2007192 China 23.17 112.17 125 Forest 2.27 Mo et al., 2007193 China 23.17 112.17 275 Forest 2.4 Mo et al., 2008194 Sweden 60.08 17.48 45 Forest 4.8 Morén & Lindroth, 2000195 Germany 51.08 10.45 430 Forest 2.3 Moyano et al., 2008

8

196 Germany 50.45 11.46 785 Forest 2.5 Moyano et al., 2008197 Japan 42.67 141.60 80 Forest 2.74 Noh et al., 2016198 Japan 36.13 137.42 1420 Forest 3.55 Noh et al., 2017199 Finland 62.78 30.97 144 Forest 2.7 Pajari, 1995200 USA 35.97 -79.13 Forest 2.79 Palmroth et al., 2005201 USA 35.97 -79.13 Forest 3.06 Palmroth et al., 2005202 Finland 61.83 24.29 Forest 3.03 Pearson et al., 2012203 Canada 45.22 -78.58 418 Forest 3 Peng & Thomas, 2006204 Canada 49.85 -125.32 300 Forest 2.5 Pilegaard et al., 2001205 Thailand 12.20 120.55 Forest 2 Poungparn et al., 2009206 China 21.95 101.20 Forest 2.16 Qiulan Fang & Sha, 2006207 China 21.93 101.25 Forest 2.18 Qiulan Fang & Sha, 2006208 USA 19.75 -155.25 760 Forest 4.4 Raich, 1998209 Switzerland 47.48 8.36 680 Forest 2.66 Ruehr & Buchmann, 2010210 USA 39.40 -123.77 Forest 2.1 Sanderman & Amundson, 2010a211 USA 45.20 -68.73 Forest 3.6 Savage et al., 2009212 China 24.53 101.02 2476 Forest 3.26 Schaefer et al., 2009213 Austria 47.58 11.64 910 Forest 3.73 Schindlbacher et al., 2009214 Austria 47.58 11.64 910 Forest 3.02 Schindlbacher et al., 2009215 China 21.93 101.27 Forest 2.36 Sha et al., 2005216 Canada 44.92 -78.83 Forest 3.55 Shabaga et al., 2015217 China 27.03 118.13 410 Forest 2.1 Sheng et al., 2010218 China 27.03 118.13 410 Forest 2.71 Sheng et al., 2010219 China 27.03 118.13 410 Forest 2.48 Sheng et al., 2010220 China 27.03 118.13 410 Forest 2.45 Sheng et al., 2010

9

221 China 27.03 118.13 410 Forest 1.66 Sheng et al., 2010222 China 47.17 128.88 Forest 2.66 Shi et al., 2015223 China 47.17 128.88 Forest 3.03 Shi et al., 2015224 China 47.17 128.88 Forest 2.83 Shi et al., 2015225 China 47.17 128.88 Forest 2.86 Shi et al., 2015226 Russia 60.75 89.38 90 Forest 2.76 Shibistova et al., 2002227 Sweden 68.35 18.82 365 Forest 2.04 Sjögersten & Wookey, 2002228 Germany 51.08 10.45 440 Forest 3.02 Søe & Buchmann, 2005229 Canada 53.92 -104.69 Forest 2.3 Striegl & Wickland, 1998230 Canada 53.90 -104.70 Forest 2.16 Striegl & Wickland, 2001231 Canada 53.90 -104.70 Forest 1.98 Striegl & Wickland, 2001232 Canada 53.90 -104.70 Forest 1.98 Striegl & Wickland, 2001233 Canada 53.90 -104.70 Forest 2.38 Striegl & Wickland, 2001234 Germany 50.13 11.87 760 Forest 2.72 Subke et al., 2003235 Germany 50.13 11.87 760 Forest 2.61 Subke et al., 2003236 USA 44.25 -122.17 531 Forest 2.13 Sulzman et al., 2005237 USA 44.25 -122.17 531 Forest 2.16 Sulzman et al., 2005238 Japan 45.05 142.10 66 Forest 2.45 Takagi et al., 2009239 Japan 45.05 142.10 66 Forest 2.33 Takagi et al., 2009240 China 24.53 101.02 2476 Forest 3.05 Tan et al., 2013241 China 23.17 112.53 550 Forest 2.08 Tang et al., 2006242 China 23.17 112.53 550 Forest 2.05 Tang et al., 2006243 China 23.17 112.53 550 Forest 1.96 Tang et al., 2006244 China 29.69 113.88 Forest 1.25 Tang et al., 2015245 China 29.70 113.88 Forest 1.9 Tang et al., 2016a

10

246 China 29.70 113.88 Forest 2 Tang et al., 2016a247 China 29.68 113.25 Forest 1.82 Tang et al., 2016b248 China 29.68 113.25 Forest 1.77 Tang et al., 2016b249 Italy 42.40 11.92 140 Forest 2.25 Tedeschi et al., 2006250 Japan 31.85 131.30 130 Forest 2.73 Teramoto et al., 2016251 China 26.83 109.75 335 Forest 2.78 Tian et al., 2009252 China 28.11 113.03 100 Forest 3.96 Tian et al., 2010253 China 28.11 113.03 100 Forest 2.62 Tian et al., 2010254 China 28.10 113.02 80 Forest 2.08 Tian et al., 2011255 Turkey 530 Forest 1.45 Tufekcioglu et al., 2009256 Chile -40.17 -73.43 850 Forest 3.49 Urrutia-Jalabert et al., 2017257 Chile -40.17 -73.43 850 Forest 4.39 Urrutia-Jalabert et al., 2017258 USA 35.08 -83.43 850 Forest 2.72 Vose & Bolstad, 2007259 USA 35.08 -83.43 850 Forest 3.67 Vose & Bolstad, 2007260 USA 35.35 -83.93 1050 Forest 2.72 Vose & Bolstad, 2007261 Belgium 51.03 3.72 Forest 4.3 Walle et al., 2007262 China 42.40 128.10 738 Forest 2.92 Wang et al., 2006263 China 31.27 105.47 500 Forest 2 Wang et al., 2008b264 China 42.40 128.10 738 Forest 2.75 Wang et al., 2010a265 China 42.40 128.10 748 Forest 2.78 Wang et al., 2010b266 China 42.40 128.10 746 Forest 2.18 Wang et al., 2010b267 China 42.40 128.10 674 Forest 2.02 Wang et al., 2010b268 China 26.74 115.06 102 Forest 1.79 Wang et al., 2011269 China 26.74 115.06 102 Forest 1.85 Wang et al., 2012270 China 45.33 127.57 Forest 2.82 Wang et al., 2013a

11

271 China 21.92 101.27 Forest 2.4 Wang et al., 2017a272 China 26.67 109.43 450 Forest 2.1 Wang et al., 2017b273 China 26.67 109.43 Forest 1.88 Wang et al., 2017c274 Austria 47.71 11.64 910 Forest 3.14 Webster et al., 2008275 Canada 47.05 -84.42 Forest 3.64 Webster et al., 2008276 USA 43.93 -71.75 600 Forest 2.4 Weltecke & Gaertig, 2012277 China 21.96 101.20 770 Forest 3.57 Werner et al., 2006278 China 21.92 101.27 550 Forest 1.48 Werner et al., 2006279 USA 64.70 -148.32 120 Forest 3.4 Wickland et al., 2006280 USA 63.88 -145.73 Forest 6.6 Wickland et al., 2010281 USA 63.88 -145.73 Forest 4.2 Wickland et al., 2010282 USA 64.70 -148.32 Forest 3.8 Wickland et al., 2010283 Sweden 60.08 17.50 45 Forest 2.2 Widen & Majdi, 2001284 Austria 47.00 11.00 1950 Forest 4 Wieser, 2004285 China 42.40 128.10 738 Forest 3.5 Wu et al., 2006a286 China 31.70 103.87 1987 Forest 1.69 Wu et al., 2006b287 China 31.70 103.87 1987 Forest 2.97 Wu et al., 2006b288 USA 38.90 -120.63 1315 Forest 1.61 Xu & Qi, 2001289 China 31.58 102.58 3150 Forest 3.47 Xu et al., 2010290 China 31.58 102.58 3150 Forest 3.54 Xu et al., 2010291 China 31.58 102.58 3150 Forest 4.01 Xu et al., 2010292 China 31.58 102.58 3150 Forest 3.92 Xu et al., 2010293 China 23.18 112.54 250 Forest 2.42 Yan et al., 2006294 China 23.18 112.54 260 Forest 2.39 Yan et al., 2006295 China 23.18 112.54 260 Forest 2.28 Yan et al., 2006

12

296 China 23.15 112.54 250 Forest 2.37 Yan et al., 2009297 China 23.15 112.54 260 Forest 2.31 Yan et al., 2009298 China 23.15 112.54 260 Forest 2.25 Yan et al., 2009299 China 43.75 81.15 660 Forest 1.67 Yan et al., 2011300 China 26.91 109.78 Forest 1.88 Yang et al., 2015301 Japan 36.13 137.37 560 Forest 2.23 Yashiro et al., 2010302 Japan 36.13 137.42 1400 Forest 3.71 Yashiro et al., 2012303 Japan 36.13 137.42 1400 Forest 2.46 Yashiro et al., 2012304 Japan 36.13 137.42 1400 Forest 2.01 Yashiro et al., 2012305 China 22.68 112.90 80 Forest 1.8 Yu et al., 2017306 China 22.68 112.90 80 Forest 1.48 Yu et al., 2017307 China 22.68 112.90 80 Forest 1.79 Yu et al., 2017308 China 22.68 112.90 80 Forest 1.93 Yu et al., 2017309 China 22.68 112.90 80 Forest 1.79 Yu et al., 2017310 China 22.68 112.90 80 Forest 2.27 Yu et al., 2017311 United Kingdom 55.17 -2.05 300 Forest 2.6 Zerva & Mencuccini, 2005312 China 23.17 112.53 Forest 1.79 Zhang et al., 2006b313 China 23.17 112.53 Forest 2 Zhang et al., 2006b314 China 23.17 112.53 Forest 2.38 Zhang et al., 2006b315 China 43.75 81.15 609 Forest 1.55 Zhang et al., 2011316 China 43.75 81.15 609 Forest 1.62 Zhang et al., 2011317 China 43.75 81.15 609 Forest 1.88 Zhang et al., 2011318 China 23.95 101.93 2141 Forest 2.16 Zhao et al., 2014319 China 23.95 101.93 2112 Forest 2.32 Zhao et al., 2014320 China 45.41 127.54 300 Forest 3.61 Zhou et al., 2007a

13

321 China 45.41 127.54 300 Forest 3.07 Zhou et al., 2007a322 China 18.07 108.88 870 Forest 2.18 Zhou et al., 2013323 China 18.73 108.87 880 Forest 1.86 Zhou et al., 2013324 China 29.80 121.78 Forest 1.97 Zhou et al., 2017325 China 41.85 124.90 670 Forest 2.04 Zhu et al., 2009326 China 26.74 115.06 92 Forest 2.03 Zhu et al., 2009327 China 45.33 127.57 340 Forest 3.34 Zu et al., 2009328 China 45.33 127.57 340 Forest 2.44 Zu et al., 2009329 Italy 41.90 13.60 1025 Grassland 4.31 Bahn et al., 2008330 Switzerland 47.28 7.73 1025 Grassland 3.4 Bahn et al., 2008331 Austria 47.28 11.53 1025 Grassland 4.58 Bahn et al., 2008332 Austria 47.28 11.53 1025 Grassland 2.83 Bahn et al., 2008333 Denmark 47.62 12.58 1025 Grassland 2.78 Bahn et al., 2008334 Denmark 47.62 12.58 1025 Grassland 2.35 Bahn et al., 2008335 Denmark 47.62 12.58 1025 Grassland 2.76 Bahn et al., 2008336 United Kingdom 55.79 -3.40 1025 Grassland 5.94 Bahn et al., 2008337 United Kingdom 55.52 -3.20 1025 Grassland 1.12 Bahn et al., 2008338 Finland 67.72 29.60 1025 Grassland 2.5 Bahn et al., 2008339 China 34.36 92.44 4754 Grassland 2.74 Bai et al., 2011340 United Kingdom 55.17 -2.05 Grassland 1.29 Ball et al., 2007a341 United Kingdom 55.17 -2.05 Grassland 1.18 Ball et al., 2007a342 China 34.72 92.88 4763 Grassland 3.85 Chen et al., 2017343 China 37.46 106.49 1426 Grassland 2.34 Cui & Zhang, 2016344 China 37.48 107.00 1426 Grassland 2.18 Cui & Zhang, 2016345 China 37.48 106.48 1426 Grassland 1.86 Cui & Zhang, 2016

14

346 China 43.38 116.24 1100 Grassland 1.21 Cui et al., 2000347 China 49.28 119.79 674 Grassland 2.7 Deng et al., 2013b348 Japan 36.13 137.42 Grassland 2.3 Dhital et al., 2010349 USA 41.78 -111.98 Grassland 1.55 Fan et al., 2012350 China 37.62 101.32 3220 Grassland 4.14 Fang et al., 2012351 China 36.03 104.42 2400 Grassland 1.58 Fang et al., 2018352 Canada 49.47 -112.94 951 Grassland 1.83 Flanagan et al., 2013353 China 43.44 117.23 1189 Grassland 1.9 Fu et al., 2006354 China 43.44 117.23 1189 Grassland 1.72 Fu et al., 2006355 China 43.27 116.33 1189 Grassland 1.97 Fu et al., 2009356 China 37.33 101.16 3293 Grassland 3.38 Fu et al., 2009357 China 30.43 91.04 4333 Grassland 2.56 Fu et al., 2009358 China 30.26 91.03 4700 Grassland 2.93 Fu et al., 2010359 China 44.00 116.00 Grassland 1.7 Geng & Luo, 2011360 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 3.21 Guo et al., 2016361 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 2.82 Guo et al., 2016362 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 2.93 Guo et al., 2016363 USA 39.08 -96.58 Grassland 2.22 Harper et al., 2005364 USA 39.08 -96.58 Grassland 2.12 Harper et al., 2005365 United Kingdom 54.00 -1.18 15 Grassland 4.95 Heinemeyer et al., 2012366 Japan 42.43 142.49 Grassland 3.29 Hu et al., 2001367 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 1.87 Hu et al., 2004368 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 2.11 Hu et al., 2004369 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 1.85 Hu et al., 2004370 China 37.31 101.16 3280 Grassland 2.37 Hu et al., 2004

15

371 China 25.40 114.44 Grassland 2.26 Hu et al., 2011372 China 35.05 102.21 3050 Grassland 1.17 Hu et al., 2016373 Japan 36.13 137.42 1340 Grassland 2.48 Inoue & Koizumi, 2012374 Switzerland 47.20 8.40 400 Grassland 1.83 Joos et al., 2010375 Canada 45.60 -62.00 Grassland 2.52 Kellman et al., 2007376 USA 39.08 -96.58 Grassland 4.08 Knapp et al., 1998377 USA 38.95 -91.94 Grassland 3.35 Kucera & Kirkham, 1971378 America 44.17 -96.68 Grassland 2.7 Lee et al., 2007379 China 37.31 101.14 3200 Grassland 3.33 Li et al., 2005380 China 26.03 119.13 Grassland 2.75 Li et al., 2011381 China 36.11 102.47 2960 Grassland 1.88 Li et al., 2015382 China 36.11 102.47 2960 Grassland 1.87 Li et al., 2015383 China 36.11 102.47 2960 Grassland 1.77 Li et al., 2015384 China 36.11 102.47 2960 Grassland 1.74 Li et al., 2015385 China 32.80 102.55 Grassland 2.62 Li et al., 2017386 China 32.80 102.55 Grassland 5.22 Li et al., 2017387 China 32.80 102.55 Grassland 5.07 Li et al., 2017388 China 44.07 116.16 1129 Grassland 2.32 Liang et al., 2016389 China 44.07 116.16 1129 Grassland 2.19 Liang et al., 2016390 China 37.62 101.20 Grassland 1.43 Lin et al., 2011391 China 37.62 101.20 Grassland 1.54 Lin et al., 2011392 China 37.31 101.16 3200 Grassland 2.8 Liu et al., 2001393 USA 31.10 -97.33 Grassland 2.2 Mielnick & Dugas, 2000394 Australia -22.18 118.83 Grassland 1.07 Muñoz-Rojas et al., 2016395 Australia -22.18 118.83 Grassland 1.09 Muñoz-Rojas et al., 2016

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421 China 31.13 105.23 Grassland 2.41 Wang et al., 2007b422 China 27.39 99.38 3400 Grassland 4.1 Wang et al., 2008a423 China 27.39 99.38 3400 Grassland 3.59 Wang et al., 2008a424 China 27.39 99.38 3400 Grassland 2.58 Wang et al., 2008a425 China 27.39 99.38 3400 Grassland 2.17 Wang et al., 2008a426 China 31.27 105.47 500 Grassland 2.34 Wang et al., 2008b427 China 49.16 120.03 628 Grassland 2.85 Wang et al., 2013b428 China 49.16 120.03 628 Grassland 2.12 Wang et al., 2013b429 China 37.29 101.17 3250 Grassland 1.3 Wang et al., 2014a430 China 49.16 120.03 Grassland 2.28 Wang et al., 2014b431 China 37.25 101.10 3200 Grassland 2.69 Wang et al., 2014c432 China 37.25 101.10 3200 Grassland 3.78 Wang et al., 2014c433 China 35.48 104.08 1966 Grassland 1.78 Wang et al., 2015434 China 35.48 104.08 1966 Grassland 1.41 Wang et al., 2015435 China 35.22 107.67 1220 Grassland 1.57 Wang et al., 2017d436 China 30.38 90.49 4730 Grassland 3.65 Wei et al., 2012437 China 30.38 90.49 4730 Grassland 2.15 Wei et al., 2012438 China 34.38 98.04 4217 Grassland 1.9 Wen et al., 2014439 China 34.38 98.04 4227 Grassland 1.61 Wen et al., 2014440 China 34.38 98.04 4225 Grassland 1.64 Wen et al., 2014441 China 37.31 101.15 3200 Grassland 2.11 Wu et al., 2005442 China 37.31 101.15 3200 Grassland 2.9 Wu et al., 2005443 China 34.18 100.28 3980 Grassland 4.81 Wu et al., 2010444 China 37.31 101.14 3200 Grassland 1.86 Wu et al., 2011445 China 37.34 101.18 3545 Grassland 3.81 Wu et al., 2013

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