C.K.PITHAWALA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

Branch:-computer 1st Year (Div. D)ALA Subject:- Computer Programming & Utilization

ALA Topic Name:- Arrays in C languageGroup No:-D9

Student Roll no Enrolment No Name

403 160090107051 Sharma Shubham 421 160090107028 Naik Rohan 455 160090107027 Modi Yash 456 160090107054 Solanki Divyesh

Submitted To

Unnati ShahHemil Patel

Arrays In C Language

Contents

I. Introduction Declaring and creating Arrays Accessing array elements Array: input & output

II. One- dimensional Arrays

III. Declaration of One- dimensional Arrays

IV. Initialization of One- dimensional Arrays

V. Two- dimensional Arrays

VI. Initialization of Two- dimensional Arrays

VII. Multi-dimensional Arrays

VIII.Dynamic Arrays

IX. Array examples

INTRODUCTION

What is An Array?

An array is a fixed-size sequenced collection of elements of the same data type.

It is simply a grouping of like-type data. In its simplest form, an array can be used to represent a list of numbers, or a list of names.

Some examples where the concept of array can be used are as under: List of temperatures recorded every hour in a day, or a month, or a

year. List of employees in an organization. List of products and their cost sold by a store. Test scores of a class of students. List of customers and their telephone numbers. Etc.

0 1 2 3 4 Element index

Element of an array

Array of 5 elements

An Array provides a convenient structure for representing data hence it is classified as one of the Data Structure In C.

Example:

The above example represents the income of employees. Individual values are called elements While the complete set of values is referred to as an array. In above example there can be maximum 10 elements.

An Array is a derived data type Based on the basis of dimensions there are three types of

array : 1. One - dimensional Arrays 2. Two - dimensional Arrays 3. Multi - dimensional Arrays

income[10]

Declaring & Creating Arrays

Declaring Arrays

Declaration defines the type of the elements Square brackets [ ] indicate “Array size" Examples:

(Where s.o.a is size of array)

int array[s.o.a];

Creating and Initializing Arrays

Creating and initializing can be done together:

Int myIntArray[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

myIntArray

managed heap(dynamic memory)

0 1 2 3 4… … … … …

Accessing Array Elements

READ AND MODIFY ELEMENTS BY INDEX

How to Access Array Element?

Array elements are accessed using the square brackets operator [ ] (indexer)› Array indexer takes element’s index as parameter

› The first element has index 0

› The last element has index Length-1

Array elements can be retrieved and changed by the [ ] operator

Arrays: Input and Output

Reading and Printing Arrays on the Console

Reading Arrays

Ex. Int array[5];

Scanf(“%d”,&array[5]);--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Printing Arrays

printf(“a[5]=%d”,array[5]);--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

One - Dimensional Arrays

A list of item can be given one variable name using only one subscript and such a variable is called a single subscripted variable or One- dimensional array.

It can be expressed as :

x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], x[4]……..x[n]

C performs no bound checking and, therefore, care should be exercised to ensure that the array indices are within the declared limits.

Declaration of One-Dimensional Array

Syntax:

Data type can be int, float, char etc. Ex.

> int chat[10];

> char pr[50]; Array of char data type is called STRING. When compiler sees a char String, it terminates it with an

additional null character. so string array holds the null char ‘\0’.we must allow 1 extra element space for the null terminator.

data type variable_name[s.o.a];

Initialization of one Dimensional Array

An array can be initialized at either of the following two stages: At compile time At run time

• At compile time Syntax::

datatype array name[S.O.A]={list of value};

Ex:: int array[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; If we have more initializers than the declared size, the compiler

will produce an error. That is illegal in C. Ex:: int number[3]={1,2,3,4,5};

• Run Time Initialization An array can be explicitly initialized at run time. This

approach is usually applied for initialization large arrrays.

Ex:: --------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- For (i=0; i<5; i++) { sum[i]=I; } --------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------.

We can also use a read function such as scanf to initialize array.

Ex:: Int x[3]; Scanf (“%d %d %d ,&x[0], &x[0], &x[0]”);

Will intialize array elements with the value entered through the keyboard.

Two Dimensional Array

If we have store the value as table then we have to use 2-D array.

Ex:-

C allow s us to define such tables of items by using 2-D arrays.

Syntax:: Type array name[raw size][column size];

Hear the first index contains row size, second index contains column size.

i-1 i-2 i-31. 10 20 302. 20 10 13

Initialization of Two Dimensional Array

Like 1-d array, 2-d array may be initialized by following their declaration with a list of initial values enclosed in braces.

Ex:: Int table[2][3]={0,0,0,1,1,1}; Int table[2][3]={ {0,0,0} ,{1,1,1} };

Hear the first index saw raw size, second Index saw column size.

Multi Dimensional Array

C allows arrays of three or more dimensions. The exact limit is determined by the compiler .

The general form of a multi –dimensional array is….. Type array name[x1][x2][x3][x4]……..[xn];

Where x1 x1 is size of array.

ANSI C does not specify any limit for array dimension. However , most compiler permit seven to ten dimension . Some allow even more.

Dynamic Arrays

We created array at run time, so we can not modify it at run time so they are called static array. This approach works fine as long as we know exactly what our data requirement are..

In C it is possible to allocate memory to arrays at run time , which known as dynamic memory allocation and the array called dynamic array.

Dynamic array are created using what are known as pointer variables and memory management function malloc, calloc, realloc, which are in <stdio.h>

Some Examples of Array

Ex: Write a program to print first 10 number. : :

# i n c l u d e < s t d i o . h >

v o i d m a i n ( )

{

I n t i , r [ 1 0 ] ; / / p r [ 1 0 ] i s a r r a y o f 1 0 e l e m e n t s .

f o r ( i = 1 ; i < = 1 0 ; i + + )

{        

r [ i ] = i ;   / / a s s i g n v a l u e t o a r r a y

  p r i n t f ( " % d " , r [ i ] ) ;    

p r i n t f ( ” \ n ” ) ;

}

}

:: output::12345678910

Write a program to read and display 3x3 matrix.# i n c l u d e < s t d i o . h >v o i d m a i n ( ){  i n t i , j , a [ 3 ] [ 3 ] ;

p r i n t f ( “ E n t e r t h e e l e m e n t s o f 3 x 3 M a t r i x : \ n ” ) ;

f o r ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i + + )

f o r ( j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j + + )

{

p r i n t f ( “ a [ % d ] [ % d ] = ” , i , j ) ;

s c a n f ( “ % d ” , a [ i ] [ j ] ) ;

}

p r i n t f ( “ T h e v a r i o u s e l e m e n t s i n 3 x 3 m a t r i x a r e : \ n ” ) ;

f o r ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i + + )

{

p r i n t f ( “ \ n \ t \ t ” ) ;

f o r ( j = 0 ; j < 3 ; j + + )

p r i n t f ( “ % d \ t ” , a [ i ] [ j ] ) ;

} }

: : o u t p u t : :

E n t e r t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h e 3 x 3 m a t r i x :a [ 0 ] [ 0 ] = 1a [ 0 ] [ 1 ] = 2a [ 0 ] [ 2 ] = 3a [ 1 ] [ 0 ] = 4a [ 1 ] [ 1 ] = 5a [ 1 ] [ 2 ] = 6a [ 2 ] [ 0 ] = 7a [ 2 ] [ 1 ] = 8a [ 2 ] [ 2 ] = 9T h e v a r i o u s e l e m e n t s o f t h e 3 X 3 m a t r i x :

1 2 34 5 67 8 9

End of PresentationThank You