arqueología, intelectualidad y politica_agp

7/30/2019 Arqueologa, Intelectualidad y Politica_AGP

1/14

@wpyinhnb`( Dl{ihic{y`hdk`k t ]nh{dc`

@hiq Bnlu`his ]`l{`

'Eys{dfdc`cdl'

A`ci ylns k`s hi yl {iq{n sngwi {dc` t kinl{nhnb` il `wpyinhnb`( cnhb`kn il ih

f`cignno( ih cy`h `{ì( il{wi n{w`s cns`s( ` cnjn `c{y`jns il ih jylkn, Js `hh ki h`s

cw{dc`s pyi si hi }yik`l a`ciw `h {iq{n( is yl {ij` jyt dj}nw{`l{i ki {w`{`w t cwin pyi ih

}wqdjn Cnlbwisn L`cdnl`h ki @wpyinhnb`( is ih jienw iscil`wdn }`w` kdscy{dw t

wifhiqdnl`w sngwi is{i {ij`,

Cnlsdkiwn pyi hhiv`w ` c`gn yl` iv`hy`cdl ki lyis{w` kdscd}hdl` is yl` {`wi` licis`wd` t

pyi is{` si kigi wi`hdu`w ki j`liw` cnhic{dv` t wicywwil{i, T }`w` ln pyik`w snhn il yl

hh`j`kn ki `{ilcdl( t cnjn kden `hbydil }nw `hh( ln pyik`wlns il snhn cnhb`w t cnj}`w{dw

yl }ns{? kien `hbyl`s dki`s pyi wnlk`wnl jd c`giu` t cwin }yikil siwvdw }`w` eys{dfdc`w n

ij}wilkiw h` kdscysdl, Is{nt sibywn pyi iqds{il jyca`s }iwsnl`s pyi {dilil j`tnwis

`hc`lcis t }wn}yis{`s }`w` ih {ij`( ne`h` si }yik` hnbw`w yl kig`{i j`tnw( ih cy`h is ih fdl

h{djn ki is{`s hli`s,

]`w{n ki yl }wnghij` jyt `l{dbyn5 cyh is ih wnh ki h` `wpyinhnb` il h` 'sncdik`k'(

is{` kdscysdl is ki h`wb` k`{` !dlchysn }`w` jycans is {wdhh`kn$( si a`l ils`t`kn jyca`s

wis}yis{`s ` is{` dl{iwwnb`l{i? sdl ijg`wbn( ln si a` `hc`lu`kn j`tnwis hnbwns wis}ic{n ` h`

}wisilcd` kih cnlncdjdil{n biliw`kn kiski h` kdscd}hdl` t sy cnlcwicdl il hn wi`h( il h`

isfiw` sncd`h t }ghdc`, Cnlsdkiwn pyi is{n }`s` }nw h` }nc` }`w{dcd}`cdl cnhic{dv` pyi

{ilijns cnjn `wpyihnbns, N{w` c`ys`( pydus js syghdji t ln }nw isn jilns

dj}nw{`l{i( is pyi {ilijns vdsdnlis jyt kds{dl{`s ki py {d}n ki }wisilcd` pyiwijns il h`

sncdik`k t lyis{w` `c{y`cdl il ihh`,

Kiski yl` }nsdcdl jyt }`w{dcyh`w ki cnjn il{dilkn h` `wpyinhnb` t ih {w`gèn ki hns

`wpyihnbns t ki j`liw` biliw`h ih {w`gèn dl{ihic{y`h( dl{il{n }wisil{`w cnjn }nkw`jns

`c{y`w ki j`liw` }iwsnl`h t sngwi {nkn cnhic{dv`? }`w` }`w{dcd}`w il ih jylkn( ln snhn ki

yl` j`liw` }`sdv` t kdscywsdv`( sdln }wnfys`jil{i `c{dv` t `kijs( ln wikycdw lyis{wn

pyia`ciw ` h` `wpyinhnb`( sdln `h jylkn sncd`h il biliw`h, Cwin pyi nhvdk`w `hbyl`s

c`w`c{iws{dc`s pyi {ilijns n kigiw`jns {iliw cnjn cdil{fdcns i dl{ihic{y`his is jyca`s

vicis h` c`ys` ki h` sd{y`cdl il h` pyi lns ilcnl{w`jns,

Hyibn( }wisil{n t kdscy{n `hbyl`s dki`s ki hns }wnghij`s pyi `c{y`hjil{i iqds{il n }nw hn

jilns cwin iqds{il, Sdl is}icdfdc`w licis`wd`jil{i `h }wntic{n {`h n h` }iwsnl` {`h il hns

ieij}hns( }nw h` silcdhh` wùl ki ln cwd{dc`w ih ific{n( sdln }`w` hhib`w ` h`s c`ys`s pyi

kisilc`kil`l ih }wnghij` pyi ngsiwvn, H`s dki`s wis}nlkil ` }wnghij`s biliw`his t

kiskdca`k`jil{i jyt cn{dkd`lns,


2/14

@h fdl`h( }`w` ln pyik`w il h` `gs{w`ccdl( }wisil{n yl ieij}hn cnlcwi{n( cnl yl sd{dn

is}icdfdcn il yl hyb`w }yl{y`h( is}iwn pyi `h fdl`h si }yik` {nj`w `ccdl( n }nw hn jilns

dlfnwj`cdl( sngwi hns aicans pyi a`l sycikdkn t sdbyil sycikdilkn t pyi

dwwijikd`ghijil{i {iwjdl`wl il yln js ki hns c`sns il knlki si kis{wyt yl sd{dn

`wpyinhbdcn t h` ads{nwd` ki}nsd{`k` il h,

Jd dl{ilcdl fdl`h is {wìw ` kdscysdl sd{y`cdnlis pyi `cnl{icil cn{dkd`l`jil{i il h`

kdscd}hdl`( h`s cy`his }ils`jns( cnlviws`jns( cwd{dc`jns( t sdij}wi `h fdl`h( il c`sd {nk`s

h`s nc`sdnlis( nhvdk`jns, T `kijs pyi( is{`s !sd{y`cdnlis$ wis}nlkil ` }wnghij`s jycan

j`tnwis ki nwkil icnljdcn t }nh{dcn,

@a h`s dki`s'

Il ih {{yhn ki is{` ln{`( `}`wici h` }`h`gw` dl{ihic{y`hdk`k( pyi ivdkil{ijil{i `hyki `h

{w`gèn dl{ihic{y`h, ]`w{n ki yl }wdlcd}dn biliw`h( ih cy`h is( ` }is`w ki jycans( pyi h`

`wpyinhnb` {`jgdl is yl {w`gèn dl{ihic{y`h, Ih cy`h {wì cnlsdbn }nsdgdhdk`kis(

wis}nls`gdhdk`kis t cnlsicyilcd`s,

Il is{i sil{dkn( cyh is ih }`}ih n wnh ki yl dl{ihic{y`h il h` sncdik`k il h` pyi si

kisilvyihvi> Is{i {ij` {`jgdl a` sdkn {w`{`kn il iq{ilsn t sngwi c`sns }`w{dcyh`wis `

{w`vs kih {dij}n0,

Ki jnkn biliw`h t ivd{`lkn( h`s cnlln{`cdnlis }ik`l{isc`s( cnlsdkiwn sdbydilkn ` @hg`7

t S`s{wi3( pyi yl dl{ihic{y`h is `pyih pyi is{ hh`j`kn ` wifhiqdnl`w( cwd{dc`w( kilylcd`w t

cnjg`{dw viwk`kis nfdcd`his t `}nw{`w kiski sys `c{dvdk`kis h` fnwjyh`cdl( kdscysdl t}nsdghis snhycdnlis ` hns }wnghij`s sncd`his, Syj`kn ` ihhn Fnyc`yh{ cnhnc` ih {w`gèn

dl{ihic{y`h n }wn}d`jil{i `h dl{ihic{y`h cnjn cnjg`{dil{i cnl{w` h`s fnwj`s ki }nkiw `hh

0]`w` ih c`sn syk`jiwdc`ln si }yiki wivds`w5@bydwwi( C`whns t Jc Ivnt( C`wjil, Dl{ihic{y his t }nkiw,Ils`tns il

{nwln ` h`wi}ghdc` ki h`s hi{w`s il ih ]iw i Ads}`ln`jwdc`!s, QVD*QQ$, Hdj`( Dls{d{y{n Fw`lcs ki Is{ykdns @lkdlns(

Dls{d{y{n Wdv`*@biwn( Yldviwsdk`k C`{hdc` kih ]iw, 7==1,

7@hg` Wdcn( S`l{d`bn, Hns dl{ihic{y`his t h` `}`{`,Il }yghdc`cdl5 H` G`{`hh` ki hns Dl{ihic{y`his @hfnlsn S`s{wi

CH@CSN( Cnlsien H`{dln`jiwdc`ln ki Cdilcd`s Sncd`his( Cdyk`k @y{lnj` ki Gyilns @dwis( @wbil{dl`, J`tn, 7==9,}} 019*043 DSGL5 412*0013*02*1@ccisn `h {iq{n cnj}hi{n5a{{}5..gdghdn{ic`vdw{y`h,ch`csn,nwb,`w.`w.hdgwns.s`s{wi.020*043*I}dhnbn,}kf

3S`s{wi( @hfnlsn, Hns dl{ihic{y`his t h` y{n}` !kd`hnbn cnl jd snjgw`$,Il }yghdc cdl5 H` G`{`hh` ki hns

Dl{ihic{y`his @hfnlsn S`s{wi CH@CSN( Cnlsien H`{dln`jiwdc`ln ki Cdilcd`s Sncd`his( Cdyk`k @y{lnj` ki Gyilns@dwis( @wbil{dl`, J`tn, 7==9, }} 32*17 DSGL5 412*0013*02*1@ccisn `h {iq{n cnj}hi{n5a{{}5..gdghdn{ic`vdw{y`h,ch`csn,nwb,`w.`w.hdgwns.s`s{wi.3217)7=Hns)7=dl{ihic{y`his)7=t)7=h,}kf

a{{}5..rrr,s`s{wi*fnwis{,cnj.s`s{wii.}kf.dl{ihic{y`his*y{n}d`,}kf
http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sastre/171-193-Epilogo.pdfhttp://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sastre/171-193-Epilogo.pdfhttp://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sastre/171-193-Epilogo.pdfhttp://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sastre/3782%20Los%20intelectuales%20y%20l.pdfhttp://www.sastre-forest.com/sastree/pdf/intelectuales-utopia.pdfhttp://www.sastre-forest.com/sastree/pdf/intelectuales-utopia.pdfhttp://www.sastre-forest.com/sastree/pdf/intelectuales-utopia.pdfhttp://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sastre/3782%20Los%20intelectuales%20y%20l.pdfhttp://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sastre/171-193-Epilogo.pdf


3/14

knlki is{` is ` h` viu ih ngei{n t ih dls{wyjil{n5 il ih nwkil kih s`giw( ki h` viwk`k ki

h` cnlcdilcd` kih kdscywsn;,

Il{ilkdilkn pyi il lyis{w` sd{y`cdl }`w{dcyh`w !`wpyinhnb`$ ih }nkiw aibijldcn !il

sil{dkn h`qn$ hn ki{il{`l }ipyins bwy}ns( hns cy`his j`{iwd`hdu`l sys `fdwj`cdnlis t

}wdlcd}dns il }nh{dc`s n }wnbw`j`s bygiwl`jil{`his cnlfnwji ` h` hbdc` kih hdgwijiwc`kn, Is{ns `kijs( {dilil sys{il{n cdil{fdcn i dl{ihic{y`h }`w` k`w c`{ibnw` ki

viwk`k ` kdca`s `fdwj`cdnlis, H`s vncis cw{dc`s snl c`sd dliqds{il{is t sd h`s a`t( is{`s snl

c`lcih`k`s jikd{dc`jil{i }nw kdfiwil{is jikdns, Sdl ijg`wbn( ih }wnghij` }wdlcd}`h is h`

`y{nihdjdl`cdl kih pyia`ciw cw{dcn t ki kilylcd`( il is{i sil{dkn vdili ` j`liw` ki

wich`jn jd }nsdcdl( pyi( hns dl{ihic{y`his t.n hns pyi }wi{ilkijns siwhn( il ih sil{dkn

`l{is kiscwd{n( is{`jns vdvdilkn il yl` jykis cnhic{dv`,

[ilijns pyi il{ilkiw pyi ih {w`gèn pyi kis`wwnhh`jns {dili cnlsicyilcd`s }nh{dc`s( il h`

j`tnw` ki hns c`sns wi}wnkycdilkn h`s }nh{dc`s cyh{yw`his aibijldc`s t nfdcd`his

iqds{il{is, @h `syjdw lyis{w` }nsdcdl }nkw`jns ij}wilkiw ih c`jdln ` wis}yis{`s{`jgdl }nh{dc`s ki j`tnw `hc`lci pyi dl{il{il fwil`w n }nw hn jilns kdscy{dw t kilylcd`w

hns ysns( iqcisns t `gysns pyi si vdilil wi`hdu`lkn il g`si `h kdscywsn kih }`{wdjnldn t ki

h` ads{nwd` }wi*cnhnld`h,

@anw` gdil( cjn nwb`ldu`w yl }wntic{n }nh{dcn t ln }nhd{du`kn ki hns cnlncdjdil{ns

biliw`kns ` }`w{dw ki yl` kdscd}hdl` cdil{fdc` n kih {w`gèn dl{ihic{y`h>( is{` is h` }wibyl{`

pyi cwin is}`l{` jyca`s vicis ` hns cdil{fdcns il sy }`w{dcd}`cdl cnjn `bil{is }nh{dcns

il h` vdk` sncd`h }iwy`l`( il is{i c`sn ` hns `wpyihnbns,

]iwn( cnjn hhib`jns ` is{` sd{y`cdl( il h` pyi lib`jns lyis{wn cnj}nlil{i }nh{dcn cnjn

cdil{fdcns n cnjn dl{ihic{y`his,

Is{` sd{y`cdl si }nkw` iq}hdc`w kiski kdfiwil{is iscil`wdns( h` js {n{`hdu`knw`( is h`

sy}yis{` }nsdcdl '`}nh{dc`' pyi kigi {iliw h` cdilcd` t.n hns cdil{fdcns( }yis cnlsdkiw`l

pyi h` cdilcd`( is cdilcd` sdij}wi t cy`lkn ln si wih`cdnli cnl h` }nh{dc`,

]nw n{wn h`kn hns `cnl{icdjdil{ns }nh{dcns ki hns h{djns 3= `ns !vdnhilcd` }nh{dc`(

dls{`yw`cdl fnwuns` t vdnhil{` kih c`}d{`hdsjn( kisc`hdfdc`cdl ki h` }wn{is{ì{c$ biliwn

kisdkd`( lib`cdl t s`{`ldu`cdl ki h` }nh{dc`( ivdkilcd`kn il hns evilis }wnfisdnl`his( il

pydilis h` jnvdhdu`cdl t h` `c{dvdk`k ki cw{dc` a` sdkn sy}iw`k` }nw ih `fl ki dlbwis`w `h

c`j}n }wnfisdnl`h !h`si h`gnw`h$9 kih jylkn fyiw` ki h`s `yh`s( is{n {wì cnjn hbdc`

cnlsicyilcd` yl` wy{dldu`cdl ki h` `c{dvdk`k }wnfisdnl`h t sy c`lcih`cdl cnjn `c{dvdk`k

cdil{fdc` i dl{ihic{y`h,

;Jdcaih Fnyc`yh{( Yl kd`hnbn sngwi ih }nkiw t n{w`s cnlviws`cdnlis, @hd`lu` ikd{nwd`h, 7==;9@h a`gh`w ki c`j}n h`gnw`h( is{nt wifdwdlknji gsdc`jil{i ` {w`gèns ki kns {d}ns5 `wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n t ki

bis{dl( }yis is knlki {w`gè`l h` j`tnw` ki hns `wpyihnbns, ]`w{dcyh`wjil{i cnlsdkiwn pyi ih kdvnwcdn il{wi is{i {d}nki `wpyinhnb` t h` dlvis{db`cdl ln kigiw` iqds{dw,


4/14

Dlbwis`w `h sds{ij` h`gnw`h si a` cnlviw{dkn il yl` jqdj` ki sngwivdvilcd`( pyi bnh}i`(

ki j`liw` hd{iw`h( ` {nkns `pyihhns pyi }dils`l pyi h` vdnhilcd` is snhn fsdc`( t }`w{dcd}`l

!}`w{dcd}`jns$( ylns cnl js cnlcdilcd` pyi n{wns( ` is{i sds{ij` pyi hns !lns$ nghdb` `

`c{y`w( }`w` sngwivdvdw( ki yl` siwdi ki wih`cdnlis h`gnw`his is{`ghicdk`s( ih cy`h( c`sd

sdij}wi( is cnl{w`}yis{n ` `h{iwl`{dv`s ki dlvis{db`cdl, Iqds{il jycans c`sns ki

dlvis{db`knwis pyi kie`l ki }wnkycdw }`w` kikdc`wsi ` {w`gèns `kjdlds{w`{dvns t ki

`wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n( }`w` {iliw snhvilcd` t il{w`w il h` hbdc` }w`bj{dc` ki h`

}wnfisdl t vil wikycdk` sy }wnkyccdl cdil{fdc`,

Hns pyi }`w{dcd}`l ki h` hbdc` lnwj`h*h`gnw`h cnls{d{ytil h` bw`l j`tnw`? pyi vil(

sngwi {nkn il h` `wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n( ih is}`cdn }`w` biliw`w h`s cnlkdcdnlis licis`wd`s

}`w` sngwivdvdw kicil{ijil{i il ih sds{ij` sncd`h il ih pyi vdvdjns, A`ci }ncn iscycai

` yl `wpyihnbn si`h`w pyi is{` sd{y`cdl cnlkil`g` ` hns dlvis{db`knwis( il is{i c`sn `

hns `wpyihnbns( ` kicdkdw il{wi {wdylf`w il h` vdk` !snhvilcd` icnljdc`( gsdc`jil{i, Cnl

h` dl{ilcdl ki siw yl cdyk`k`ln lnwj`h$ t {w`scilkiw il h` vdk` !kis`wwnhh`w

cnlncdjdil{n( sdl {w`dcdnl`w sys }wdlcd}dns cdil{fdcns t {dcns$( is{nt ki `cyiwkn cnl kdca`

kdfiwilcd`cdl? sdl ijg`wbn( {w`{`lkn ki ivd{`w is{i syghdji t ln jyt ch`wn sisbn ki

vnhyl{`wdsjn( tn `bwib`w` pyi jyca` ki is{` sd{y`cdl wis}nlki ` h`s cnlkdcdnlis sncd`his

t icnljdc`s il h` pyi lns kisilvnhvijns( h` cy`h lns cnlkyci( ki `hbyl` j`liw`( `

is{wyc{yw`w lyis{w` fnwj` ki iqds{ilcd` il ih jylkn, Cwin pyi is{i is ih }wnghij` ch`vi

pyi kigijns kdscy{dw( wibwis`w sngwi ih jdsjn js `kih`l{i,

@anw` gdil( h`s kns wi`s ki {w`gèn cnl js kis}ibyi il h` `wpyinhnb` snl h`s ki

cnl{w`{n t bis{dl( vi`jns `hbyl`s cns`s,

@wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n5

H` `wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n is{ kdwic{`jil{i wih`cdnl`k` cnl ih `ybi ki hns }wntic{ns ki

dlviwsdl i dlfwìs{wyc{yw`( c`sd {nkns wih`cdnl`kns cnl h` iq{w`ccdl ki wicywsns, Is{`s(

kigdkn ` cnj}wnjdsns cnl ih is{`kn {dilil pyi cyj}hdw cdiw{`s lnwj`s, ]`w` ihhn cnl{w`{`l

` `wpyihnbns n ij}wis`s ki `wpyihnbns( sdl pyi {ilb`l yl dl{iws cdil{fdcn n sncd`h ki

}nw jikdn !{`j}ncn cwin pyi kigiw`l {iliwhn( }yis is{ fyiw` ki sy hbdc`$( }nw {`h jn{dvn

ih dj}iw`{dvn jqdjn is h` w`}dkiu !ifdc`cd`$ ki h` ieicycdl kih {w`gèn `wpyinhbdcn, Is{n

a` cnlviw{dkn ` h` wicy}iw`cdl ki k`{ns `wpyinhbdcns il yl jiwn wipydsd{n }`w` h`

wi`hdu`cdl ki ngw`s,

Ki is{i jnkn si dl{iwvdilil ivdkilcd`s pyi }nsdgdhd{`l n kigdiw`l }nsdgdhd{`w ih

cnlncdjdil{n ki h`s }wc{dc`s sncd`his kis`wwnhh`k`s }nw hns bwy}ns ayj`lns, Sdl ijg`wbn(

`h fdl`h( jycan kih wibds{wn ki is{ns {w`gèns kisc`ls`l il hns `hj`cilis ki h` il{dk`k


5/14

}ghdc` pyi hns `cyjyh` sdl yl fy{ywn ch`wn t js gdil dly{dhdu`kn t cnlkil`kn `h nhvdkn il

h` j`tnw` ki hns c`sns6,

H` }wijyw` cnl ih pyi si kis`wwnhh`l( h` }wisdl pyi si ieiwci t h` cnj}i{ilcd` iqds{il{i?

a`cil pyi si v`hnwi h` w`}dkiu ki h` ieicycdl `l{is pyi ih kis`wwnhhn ji{kdcn kih jdsjn,

Is{n si vi wifhie`kn cy`lkn }wdj` h` dj}nw{`lcd` ki h` fnwj` t ln kih cnl{ildkn ki hn pyisi }wisil{` il hns dlfnwjis fdl`his( ki is{i jnkn( hn js dj}nw{`l{i is h` cnaiwilcd`

kdscywsdv` t ln h` ieicycdl ji{kdc` t cdil{fdc` pyi kigiw` {iliw yl` iqc`v`cdl !ji

wifdiwn ` h`s fnwj`s ki wicnhiccdl ki hns k`{ns( ih wibds{wn ki hns jdsjns t h` }wisilcd`*

`ysilcd` ki ngei{ns$, Aijns hhib`kn ` yl` syiw{i ki {dw`l` ki ih`gnw`cdl ki hns dlfnwjis

il cnl{w` ki h` j`{iwd`hdk`k, Jycans kdwl pyi is{` is yl` `fdwj`cdl sygei{dv` t sdl

}wyig`s( }iwn {nkns hns pyi a`l !aijns$ {w`gè`kn il is{i {d}n ki }wntic{ns s`gil pyi hns

wicywsns ji{nknhbdcns t {cldcns ln si kis`wwnhh`l ki h` jienw j`liw`( ln licis`wd`jil{i

}nw h` kis{wiu` ki pydilis h`s ieicy{`l( sdln }nw h` }wisdl pyi si ieiwci sngwi hns

{w`gè`knwis kdwic{ns !hns iqc`v`knwis t iv`hy`knwis$ }nw }`w{i ki sys cnl{w`{`l{is, Il

is{ns h{djns `ns( hns }wn}dns `wpyihnbns kyins ki cnlsyh{nw`s( }nw ih `fl `l{is

jilcdnl`kn !w`}dkiu il h` ieicycdl( cnj}i{ilcd` cnl n{w`s t ih ln {iliw ih kiscwikd{n ki

yl {w`gèn hil{n$ snl hns pyi }wisdnl`l }`w` pyi hns {w`gèns si kis`wwnhhil ki is{` j`liw`,

Jycans a`l iscyca`kn ads{nwd`s ki cjn si iqc`v`l sd{dns ki cù`knwis wicnhic{nwis cnl

`gylk`l{i j`{iwd`h h{dcn sdl u`w`lk`s( iqc`v`cdnlis kis`wwnhh`k`s cnl j`pydl`wd` }is`k`

!}`h`s jicldc`s$( y{dhdu`lkn j`{iwd`h dl`}wn}d`kn }`w` ih ijg`hèi( iqc`v`cdl ki

il{diwwns }wnhfiwns il jyt cnw{n {dij}n t cnl wibds{wn js pyi dl`}wn}d`kn,

]nw n{wn h`kn( hns }wntic{ns ki `wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n( w`w` viu( sd ln is c`sd lylc`( {dili

{dij}n ki }wi}`w`cdl ki `l{icikil{is n ki wivdsdl ki hd{iw`{yw` wih`cdnl`kn `h hyb`w t ih

}iwdnkn il ih pyi si kis`wwnhh`w ih {w`gèn( }yis si }wisyji pyi {nkn `wpyihnbn is{

}wi}`w`kn }`w` `fwnl{`w cy`hpydiw cnl{iq{n binbwfdcn t {ij}nw`h( t` pyi si {w`{` ki yl

{w`gèn sngwi {nkn {cldcn !}wnfisdnl`h$ is{` sd{y`cdl jihh` il ih il{ilkdjdil{n ki hn pyi

si iqc`v` t }nw hn {`l{n ki `hbyl` j`liw`( hdjd{` hns }nsdghis kis`wwnhhns dlfiwilcd`his pyi

si }yik`l a`ciw cnl kdcans j`{iwd`his, Kih jdsjn jnkn w`w` viu si kis{dl` fnlkns kil{wn

ki hns j`wcns ki is{ns }wntic{ns }`w` ih `lhdsds }ns{iwdnw ki hns j`{iwd`his wicnhic{`kns t

jycan jilns }`w` sy }yghdc`cdl, Is c`sd lyh`( }nw ln kicdw kdwic{`jil{i lyh` h`

}yghdc`cdl ki is{ns {w`gèns( ih c`sn c`jdsi` is ijghij{dcn( si a`l iqc`v`kn dlfdldk`k

ki sd{dns }iwn ln si s`gi c`sd l`k` ki hns wisyh{`kns,

N{wn }wnghij` wis`h{`l{i t jyt }iweykdcd`h is pyi jycans ki is{ns {w`gèns si kis`wwnhh`l

kil{wn ki cnl{w`{ns cnl chysyh`s ki cnlfdkilcd`hdk`k( ln snhn cnl wis}ic{n `h {ij` ki h`

ij}wis` cnl{w`{`l{i( sdln {`jgdl cnl hns jdsjns k`{ns ilcnl{w`kns }nw hns `wpyihnbns(

6]nw hn biliw`h( hyibn ki pyi hns j`{iwd`his t hns dlfnwjis }wnkyc{n ki hns {w`gèns ki `wpyinhnb` ki cnl{w`{n snl

il{wib`kns `h Jdlds{iwdn ki Cyh{yw`( lylc` snl lyiv`jil{i vds{ns( ld `l`hdu`kns, Ih }wnghij` si cnlvdiw{i il }nhjdcn(cy`lkn `hbylns dlvis{db`knwis( èilns `h ipyd}n pyi kis`wwnhhn ih {w`gèn {cldcn( pydiwi wivds`w hns j`{iwd`his t si his

ldib` is{n }nw kdfiwil{is jn{dvns( hn js isc`lk`hnsn is pyi hns j`{iwd`his( ` vicis( t` ln si ilcyil{w`l,


6/14

a`cdilkn pyi is{ns si`l hd{iw`hjil{i }wdv`{du`kns, Is{` sd{y`cdl kigiw` siw isc`lk`hns`(

il {`l{n is {n{`hjil{i cnl{w`wd` ` h` dki` ki cnlncdjdil{n pyi }wi{ilki gwdlk`w h`

`wpyinhnb` n cy`hpydiw cdilcd` il biliw`h,

Yl` ki h`s }nsdghis v`s ki snhycdl( siw` pyi h`s ij}wis`s {ilb`l yl hds{`kn ki sys

{w`gè`knwis cnl h` is}icd`hdk`k n ih {ij` pyi js a`l kis`wwnhh`kn n {w`gè`kn( t }nw ilki(il ih pyi {ilb`l js iq}iwdilcd`( is{n `tyk`w` ` {iliw js cnaiwilcd` il hns

}wncikdjdil{ns ki iqc`v`cdl t.n wicnhiccdl ki k`{ns,

@kijs( pyi iqds{` yl` wibh`jil{`cdl pyi iqde` si a`b`l }ghdcns hns dlfnwjis

dljikd`{`jil{i kis}ys ki siw `}wng`kns }nw ih Jdlds{iwdn ki Cyh{yw`, T }nwpyi ln }ils`w

il yl` wibh`jil{`cdl pyi iqde` si }yghdpyi( }nw hn jilns ki j`liw` vdw{y`h il fnwj`{n

ki jnlnbw`f` n `w{cyhns hns wisyh{`kns ki hns {w`gèns wi`hdu`kns,

Is dj}nw{`l{i {`jgdl( hh`j`w h` `{ilcdl sngwi h` }wic`wdik`k ki cnjn hns cnl{w`{`kns

kis`wwnhh`l ih {w`gèn( snl jyt }ncns hns cnl{w`{`l{is pyi kisdbl`l sibywns( sibywdk`k il

c`j}n !by`s( ipyd}n t j`{iwd`h {cldcn t jnvdhdk`k `kicy`k`$, Syj`kn ` is{n( hns

`wpyihnbns snl cnl{w`{`kns }nw ih {dij}n kdwic{`jil{i pyi is{`wl il c`j}n t ln si his

wicnlnci ih {dij}n pyi si {nj`l il wi`hdu`w hns dlfnwjis {cldcns t jyca`s vicis is{ns

kikdc`l js ki 1 anw`s il c`j}n n ki {w`gèn, Sdl cnl{`w pyi is{ns si kis`wwnhh`l sdij}wi

ki j`liw` ivil{y`h,

Is{n a`ci pyi hns {w`gèns si kis`wwnhhil sdl ldlbl wis}`hkn( {nkns s`gijns ki cnhib`s pyi

a`l {ildkn `ccdkil{is( pydus ih c`sn js wis`h{`l{i si` ih ki hns cnhib`s `t`cyca`lns(

cnl{w`{`kns sdl sibywn t sdl sibywdk`k( `kijs( sdl yl wicnlncdjdil{n il fnwj` ki

wi}`w`cdl ` h`s f`jdhd`s( t jycan jilns yl` dlvis{db`cdl cnlsds{il{i pyi isch`wiuc` hn

sycikdkn,

@anw`( hn cdiw{n is pyi( il jycans c`sns( is{ns {w`gèns snl licis`wdns !hns ki `wpyinhnb`

ki cnl{w`{n$ l`kdi }yiki lib`w pyi cnjyldk`kis licisd{`l t }dkil hyu( `by` }n{`ghi t

kis`bis( kih jdsjn jnkn ki j`{iwd`h iliwb{dcn js hdj}dn !ih b`s }nw ieij}hn$, H`

cw{dc` ln v` il ih sil{dkn ki lib`w t ivd{`w h` iqds{ilcd` ki is{ns {w`gèns( h` cyis{dl is

wicnlnciw pyi iqds{i yl }wnghij` il cjn si vdilil kis`wwnhh`lkn( a`l }`s`kn t` c`sd 09

`ns kiski pyi is{i c`j}n ki h`gnwis ki h` `wpyinhnb` vdili kis`wwnhhlknsi t si }yikil

s`c`w `hbyl`s cnlchysdnlis( cwin pyi is licis`wdn fnwjyh`w is{i }wnghij` t ki is{i jnkn

kdscy{dw t gysc`w }nsdghis snhycdnlis,

@wpyinhnb` ki Bis{dl5

Ih n{wn `s}ic{n pyi a` kis}ib`kn ln{nwd`jil{i( sngwi {nkn }nw }wnbw`j`s is{`{`his is ih ki

'H` `wpyinhnb` ki bis{dl'( ih cy`h ln isc`}` ` h` hbdc` }w`bj{dc` icnljdc` }yis{` il

j`wca`( js gdil }yl{y`hdu` cnjn yl fdl ki h` `wpyinhnb` ih }nliw yl sd{dn il v`hnw n il

ysn sncd`h,


7/14

Kdbn is{n }nwpyi hn pyi vdili sycikdilkn cnl is{i {d}n ki `wpyinhnb` is pyi is{

wikycdilkn ih v`hnw ki hns sd{dns `wpyinhbdcns ` jiw`jil{i jiwc`lc`s pyi si }yikil

vilkiw( g`en ih vihn kih ngei{dvn ki cdjil{`w h` dkil{dk`k l`cdnl`h t ih kis`wwnhhn ki h`s

cnjyldk`kis kih cnl{nwln !icnljdcn }nw sy}yis{n$, Ln ldibn pyi il jycans ki is{ns

}wntic{ns si kis`wwnhhil dlvis{db`cdnlis jyt cnaiwil{is( cnlsds{il{is t `kijs jyt

dj}nw{`l{is( hn }wincy}`l{i is pyi h` v`hnw`cdl pyi si a`ci }`w` h` il{w`k` ki yl sd{dn `h

eyibn kih {ywdsjn is pyi is{i cyj}h` ih wipydsd{n ki siw is}ic{`cyh`w t jnlyjil{`h t sd

{dili yl` {yjg` ki ihd{i jienw, @s( kiski is{` hbdc` hns sd{dns knjs{dcns( c`j}`jil{ns

{ij}nw`his n }ipyi`s `hki`s kih `wc`dcn }nw ieij}hn( snl kie`kns ki h`kn n il is`

kdwiccdl is{`jns, T is{i c`j}n ki dlvis{db`cdnlis is cygdiw{n ki viu il cy`lkn }nw

}wntic{ns iq{w`leiwns j`tnwd{`wd`jil{i, Ih }wnghij` pyi ngsiwvn `kijs( ln is pyi snhn

si`l hns sd{dns `wpyinhbdcns is}ic{`cyh`wis hns pyi cyil{il cnl ih gilifdcdn ki

fdl`lcd`jdil{n pyi }nw sys c`w`c{iws{dc`s wicdgi( sdln pyi is{ns snl y{dhdu`kns }`w` h`

ih`gnw`cdl ki kdscywsns pyi l`k` {dilil pyi viw cnl hns k`{ns wicy}iw`kns il h`s }wn}d`s

dlvis{db`cdnlis, T sy y{dhdu`cdl }nh{dc` i dkinhbdc`( ln is cnlsdkiw`k` t jycan jilnskilylcd`k`,

A`ci `hbylns `ns aijns il{w`kn ` yl` syiw{i ki cnj}i{ilcd` ki pydil ilcyil{w` h` {yjg`

js cnls}dcy`( ih sd{dn y ngei{n js `l{dbyn( ih js bw`lki sinw n sinw`, Is{n wis}nlki `

{iliw js {ywds{`s !cnlsyjdknwis$ t sikdjil{`w h` dkil{dk`k !sngwi {nkn ` yl }`s`kn

bhnwdnsn t }nkiwnsn$, Is{ns dl{iwisis( ih {yws{dcn t h` dkil{dk`k( si a`l kis`wwnhh`kn ki {`h

j`liw` pyi a`l `gys`kn kih k`{n `wpyinhbdcn( `hbyl`s vicis dlchysn f`hsi`lkn hns

jdsjns, [nkn }`w` `hc`lu`w fdl`lcd`jdil{n il kisjikwn ki h` biliw`cdl ki

cnlncdjdil{n2, Is{`s fnwj`s ki n}iw`w snl kis`wwnhh`k`s }nw hns }wn}dns `wpyihnbns( is{ns

si cnlvdiw{il il `bil{is pyi `{dilkil t iq}wis`l ki j`liw` nfdcd`h h` }nsdcdl ki h`kdscd}hdl` sdl pyi l`kdi hns kisc`hdfdpyi ki dljikd`{n il {wjdlns ki h` }wn}d` kdscd}hdl`,

Fdl`hjil{i

H`s dl{iwvilcdnlis pyi si a`l wi`hdu`kn il is{ns h{djns 09 `ns sngwi sd{dns `wpyinhbdcns

sy}iw` `j}hd`jil{i h` dl{iwvilcdl il `ns `l{iwdnwis( cnl{w`kdc{nwd`jil{i h` }wnkyccdl

`c`kjdc` a` kdsjdlydkn ln{`ghijil{i, Hns {w`g`ens kikdc`kns ` h` dlvis{db`cdl( snl il

sy j`tnw` iq{w`leiwns,

Is{n }`s` cwin }nw h` sngwikdjilsdl pyi si a` `sdbl`kn `h }iwfdh }wnfisdnl`h ki hns

`wpyihnbns t h` kdsjdlycdl kih ldvih `c`kjdcn i dl{ihic{y`h, H` }wnfisdnl`hdu`cdl ki h`

2Hns pyi fdl`lcd`l !sngwi {nkn ih Is{`kn t h` ij}wis` }wdv`k`$ v`hnw`l pyi {`l dj}nw{`l{i is ih sd{dn }`w` ih kis`wwnhhn

{yws{dcn n h` cdjil{`cdl ki yl` dkil{dk`k l`cdnl`h( is{ns dl{iwisis !cnlsdkiw`kns jyt liy{w`his }`w` `hbylns$ wis}nlkil

` }nsdcdnlis icnljdc`s( }nh{dc`s i dkinhbdc`s,


8/14

`wpyinhnb` iqdbi yl ldvih {cldcn }`w` `fwnl{`w ih {w`gèn `wpyinhbdcn ki c`j}n? sdl

ijg`wbn( is{i ln kigiw` siw ih fdl( js gdil is{` sd{y`cdl is hn pyi is{ {w`tilkn `gèn

yl kis`wwnhhn `c`kjdcn( ih cy`h si vil` kis`wwnhh`lkn il hns `ns `l{iwdnwis ` h` cnwwdil{i

ki cnl{w`{ns,

Cnlsdkiwn pyi h` sd{y`cdl `c{y`h wis}nlki ` yl }wnghij` ` ldvih j`cwn ki cjn sikis`wwnhh` ih }`s, ]nw hn {`l{n cwin pyi is {`wi` }wibyl{`wlns {`jgdl( }nwpyi ln {w`{`jns

ki biliw`w c`jgdns il h`s cnlkdcdnlis `c{y`his ki kisilvnhvdjdil{n cdil{fdcn t cnl js

dlsds{ilcd` il h`s cnlkdcdnlis sncd`his il h`s pyi h`s dl{il{`jns kis`wwnhh`w,

Il{nlcis h` }wibyl{` is Cjn a`cijns }`w` c`jgd`w h` sd{y`cdl> ]wi{ilkiw yl c`jgdn

wivnhycdnl`wdn( `ldpydh`knw kih sds{ij`( siw` yl kis}wn}sd{n il {`l{n ln si {dili yl`

vdsdl wi`h ki hn pyi si pydiwi t h`s fnwj` ki cjn hnbw`whn, Cnlsdkiwn pyi yl }wdjiw }`sn

is `syjdw pyi iqds{i yl }wnghij`( snhn `s ij}wilkiwijns yl {w`gèn cw{dcn }`w` {w`{`w ki

is}icdfdc`w hns }wnghij`s ` snhycdnl`w, Cwin pyi ih {w`gèn ki wifhiqdl( cw{dc` t ki

kilylcd` is ih dldcdn ki c`jgdn ki h`s cnlkdcdnlis `c{y`his( ln snhn }`w` h` snhycdl kilyis{wns }wnghij`s }`w{dcyh`wis cnjn kdscd}hdl`( sdln }`w` ij}wilkiw snhycdnlis ki hns

}wnghij`s j`tnwis ` ldvih sncd`h cnl{ij}nwlin( jikd`l{i h` cnliqdl cnl n{wns

dl{ihic{y`his t cdil{fdcns ki n{w`s w`j`s, Cwin pyi is{i is yl cnj}wnjdsn sncd`h pyi {dilil

!{ilijns$ hns pyi a`l !aijns$ `syjdkn siw cdil{fdcns,

Il is{` }`w{i cnlsdkiwn licis`wd` yl` `ch`w`cdl, Is{nt si`h`lkn ` hns cdil{fdcns i

dl{ihic{y`his t ki j`liw` }`w{dcyh`w ` hns `wpyihnbns cnjn hns hh`j`kns ` nwpyis{`w is{`

{nj` ki cnlcdilcd`( kilylcd` t c`jgdn il h`s cnlkdcdnlis sncd`his( sdl ijg`wbn( is{ns

ln snl hns ldcns il knlki kisc`ls` h` hyca` cnl{w` }nkiwis aibijldcns( cnjn si`h`

Fnycn`h{( iqds{il jyca`s }iwsnl`s t cnhic{dvns pyi si ilfwil{`l ` hns }nkiwisaibijldcns( pyi ln licisd{`l ki h` cdilcd` }`w` gysc`w eys{dfdc`cdl ` sys widvdlkdc`cdnlis

t hyca`w cnl{w` h`s dleys{dcd`s pyi si his cnji{il( ai cnhnc`kn ` hns cdil{fdcns t ` hns

dl{ihic{y`his il ih hyb`w cil{w`h ki h` kdscysdl cnl h` snh` eys{dfdc`cdl pyi is ` pydilis ji

kdwden,

Cnl{dly`lkn cnl hn }h`l{i`kn( cnlsdkiwn pyi h` `wpyinhnb`( `h dby`h pyi h`s kijs

cdilcd`s( kigiw` biliw`w yl cnhic{dvn cnl bw`kn ki dlki}ilkilcd` ki hns }nkiwis }nh{dcns

t icnljdcns aibijldcns, Pyi kdscy{` {ij`s pyi si sycdl{il kil{wn ki sy pyia`ciw

cdil{fdcn( cnl sys }ybl`s( dj}nsdcdnlis t wisds{ilcd`s pyi il ihh` si kil,

Yl` `h{iwl`{dv` }yl{y`h t jyt w}dk` is a`ciw ln{`w }ghdc`jil{i lyis{w`s dls`{dsf`ccdnlis

cnl h`s sd{y`cdnlis pyi cnlsdkiwijns }iwldcdns`s( `wbyjil{`lkn ih }nwpy ki lyis{wn

}`wiciw, Il kdca` sd{y`cdl si }nlkwl il ivdkilcd` }wnghij`s t si kdscy{dwl sngwi h`s

jdsj`s t is}iwn h`s snhycdnlis n kdwiccdnlis ` {nj`w, Ki is{i jnkn biliw`w cnlcdilcd` t

`ccdl }`w` h` {w`lsfnwj`cdl ki h`s cnlkdcdnlis `c{y`his,


9/14

Pyik` il{nlcis h` {`wi` ki ij}wilkiw h` kdscysdl ki lyis{wn }`}ih il h` vdk` sncd`h5

dl{ihic{y`h( cdil{fdcn t }nh{dcn, T kie`w h` dl`ccdl pyi }nw h`wbn {dij}n lns vdili

`cnj}``lkn,

@ cnl{dly`cdl iq}nlkw yl c`sn }yl{y`h !}nw ih cy`h ln {ilbn j`tnw dlfnwj`cdl( js

gdil `hbyl`s }wibyl{`s$( knlki }nkijns ngsiwv`w jycans ki hns }wnghij`s jilcdnl`kns(sngwi {nkn h` dlc`}`cdk`k ki cw{dc` t ki kilylcd` pyi {ilijns,

C`{`hdl` Ay`lc`

Cnjn {nkns s`gijns( il is{ns h{djns `ns( si vdilil kis`wwnhh`lkn il Hdj` {w`gèns ki

]yis{` il V`hnw il jycans sd{dn `wpyinhbdcns( viwk`kiw`jil{i kiscnlnucn h` wùl ki h`

ihiccdl ki `hbylns t ki n{wns sd{dns `wpyinhbdcns }`w` is{i }wnbw`j`, Jd dlpydi{yk

wis}nlki ` s`giw pyi syciki cnl ih sd{dn `wpyinhbdcn ki C`{`hdl` Ay`lc`( ygdc`kn il ih

kds{wd{n ki @{i Vd{`w{i,

Is{i sd{dn wi}wisil{` yln ki hns j`tnwis sd{dns `wpyinhbdcns kih Dl{iwjikdn [ij}w`ln t

Anwdunl{i Jikdn( }nw iq{ilsdl( }wisilcd` ki ikdfdcdns jnlyjil{`his t knjs{dcns(

j`{iwd`h ciwjdcn( {iq{dhis( il{diwwns( il biliw`h cnl jycans c`jdlns }`w` sy dlvis{db`cdl

t il{ilkdjdil{n ln snhn kih sd{dn( sdln {`jgdl ki h` ads{nwd` }wiads}ldc`, @ }is`w ki ihhn

il h` }bdl` nfdcd`h kih Jdlds{iwdn ki Cyh{yw`( C`{`hdl` Ay`lc` ln fdbyw` ld cnjn yln ki

hns sd{dns `wpyinhbdcns dj}nw{`l{is ki Hdj`1,

Is{i sd{dn si ilcyil{w` kil{wn ki h` }wn}dik`k ki h` ij}wis` @wiliw` S`l J`w{dl ki ]nww`s

S@( h` cy`h a` {w`gè`kn kyw`l{i jycans `ns iq{w`tilkn j`{iwd`h }`w` cnls{wyccdl

!`wil` bwyis` }wdlcd}`hjil{i$, C`ys`lkn k`ns dwwi}`w`ghis `h cnj}hien `wpyinhbdcn,

Hns {w`gèns ki iq{w`ccdl jdliw`h a`l biliw`kn cnw{is il fnwj` ki `c`l{dh`kns ki js ki

2=j ji{wns ki }wnfylkdk`k( hns cy`his a`l pyd{`kn sn}nw{i fsdcn ` hns jnl{cyhns

jnlyjil{`his iqds{il{is( kie`lkn wi`hjil{i il }ihdbwn dljdlil{i ki kis}hnji ` hns

jnl{cyhns pyi `l si j`l{dilil il }di,

Is{i c`sn }nkw` ieij}hdfdc`w jyt gdil {nk`s h`s sd{y`cdnlis kdscy{dk`s il ih {iq{n, ]yis

is{i sd{dn vdili sdilkn `fic{`kn kiski a`ci kc`k`s( hn cy`h a` sdkn wi}nw{`kn }nw

dlvis{db`knwis l`cdnl`his t iq{w`leiwns sdl pyi si a`t` hnbw`kn l`k` }`w` sy }wn{iccdl,

Hns dl{iwisis icnljdcns t }nh{dcns }`wicil siw js dj}nw{`l{is pyi h`s c`w`c{iws{dc`s

fnwj`his pyi }yik` {iliw yl sd{dn ` h` anw` ki sy v`hnw`cdl,

]nw yl h`kn ngsiwv`jns cnjn ih dl{iws icnljdcn }wdj` sngwi ih dl{iws ads{wdcn pyi

{dili C`{`hdl` Ay`lc`( }yis si a` }iwjd{dkn t }iwjd{i pyi yl` ij}wis` sdb` iq{w`tilkn

j`{iwd`h ki cnls{wyccdl( il kisjikwn ki h` cnlsiwv`cdl kih sd{dn, A`ci ylns `ns si

wi`hdu`wnl {w`gèns ki wisc`{i il `hbylns sic{nwis cnl h` dl{ilcdl ki sygs`l`w hns k`ns

1a{{}5..rrr,jcyh{yw`,bng,}i.}wdlcd}`his*sd{dns*`wpyinhnbdcns*ki*hdj
http://www.mcultura.gob.pe/principales-sitios-arqueologicos-de-limahttp://www.mcultura.gob.pe/principales-sitios-arqueologicos-de-limahttp://www.mcultura.gob.pe/principales-sitios-arqueologicos-de-limahttp://www.mcultura.gob.pe/principales-sitios-arqueologicos-de-lima


10/14

wi`hdu`kns }nw }`w{i ki h` `wiliw` ` kns ki hns jnl{cyhns }wisil{is, Is{`s iqc`v`cdnlis si

kdiwnl il ih j`wcn ki yl }wnbw`j` ki cdiwwi ki h`gnwis ki h` ij}wis`( sdl ijg`wbn( a`s{` h`

fica` sdbyi {w`g`e`lkn( sdl pyi h`s `y{nwdk`kis {njil c`w{`s il ih `syl{n,

]nw n{wn h`kn( ` ldvih }nh{dcn, Ih Jdlds{iwdn ki Cyh{yw` kigi {iliw cnlncdjdil{n ki is{`

sd{y`cdl( }yis cnjn si`h( si a`l wi`hdu`kn {w`g`ens `wpyinhbdcns il h` unl`( cnl}wisil{`cdl ki snhdcd{ykis i dlfnwjis t cnj}wnjdsns }nw }`w{i ki h` ij}wis`, Ih

dl{iwis`wsi }nw yl sd{dn cnjn is{i( is cwin tn( yl` kicdsdl }nh{dc`,

Jds }wibyl{`s snl5 py ivd{` pyi yl sd{dn si` }wn{ibdkn }nw ih Jdlds{iwdn ki Cyh{yw`>( Sd

lns }wincy}`jns il }wn{ibiw v`wdns sd{dns }wisil{is il Hdj`( }nwpyi ln a`ciwhn cnl yln

pyi `l j`l{dili jyca`s ki sys is{wyc{yw`s dl{`c{`s ` }is`w ki {`l{n k`n>( H` ygdc`cdl

}iwdfwdc` t }n}yhns` kih kds{wd{n il knlki si `sdil{` ih sd{dn {dili pyi viw cnl h`s

kicdsdnlis pyi sngwi h si is{l {nj`lkn> ]nw py h` ij}wis` sdbyi n}iw`lkn t c`ys`lkn

k`ns ` h`s is{wyc{yw`s t hns j`{iwd`his `yl }wisil{is> Py ivd{` pyi h` ij}wis` ln a`t`

sdkn jyh{`k` }nw {`l{n k`n ` h`s is{wyc{yw`s>

Is}iwn pyi `hbyl` }iwsnl` ` pydil hi hhibyi ih {iq{n t {ilb` js dlfnwj`cdl `h wis}ic{n

}yik` cnj}`w{dwh`( }`w` il{iw`wlns kih }wnghij` iqds{il{i,

Ln{`5 Is{` is h` ldc` jilcdl pyi si a`ci sngwi h` }wisilcd` kih sd{dn }nw }`w{i ki h`

ij}wis`5 @WILIW@ S@L J@W[DL KI ]NWW@S S,@,( vdili `}nt`lkn `h Jdlds{iwdn ki

Cyh{yw`( il ih wisby`wkn t cnlsiwv`cdl ki h` Unl` @wpyinhbdc` C`{`hdl` Ay`lc`(

a`gdlknsi wi`hdu`kn }wntic{ns ki iv`hy`cdl t wisc`{i( j`l{ildlknsi ih cnj}wnjdsn ki

cnl{dly`w kis`wwnhh`lkn }wntic{ns ki dlvis{db`cdl4,

Kien `hbyl`s fn{ns pyi }yikil `tyk`w ` vdsy`hdu`w ih is{`kn kih sd{dn, H`s fn{ns is{l

nwkil`k`s cwnlnhbdc`jil{i }`w` wis`h{`w ih k`n syfwdkn ` hn h`wbn ki is{ns h{djns 9=

`ns,

4a{{}5..rrr,`wiliw`s`lj`w{dl,cnj.jdliwd`*wis}nls`ghi.
http://www.arenerasanmartin.com/mineria-responsable/http://www.arenerasanmartin.com/mineria-responsable/http://www.arenerasanmartin.com/mineria-responsable/http://www.arenerasanmartin.com/mineria-responsable/


11/14

Jnl{cyhn }wdlcd}`h t jnl{cyhns jilnwis ki C`{`hdl` Ay`lc` !fn{n Siwvdcdn @iwnfn{nbwfdcn L`cdnl`h(

04;;$ fyil{i5a{{}5..sdsgdg,yljsj,iky,}i.iq}nsdcdnlis.fylkhdj`.hdj`}wiads}.dj`bis.} b43,e}b

Si }yiki `}wicd`w ih is{`kn c`sd dl{`c{n kih `sil{`jdil{n, Il ih cil{wn kih jnl{cyhn }wdlcd}`h si ngsiwv` yl

bw`l fnw`kn }wnkyc{n ki Ay`pyin ` bw`l isc`h` wi`hdu`kn il hns `ns 3=,

Fn{n `wi` ki 046=, Si }yiki ngsiwv`w hns dldcdns ki h` iq}hn{`cdl }nw }`w{i `wiliw`,
http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/exposiciones/fundlima/limaprehisp/images/pag93.jpghttp://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/exposiciones/fundlima/limaprehisp/images/pag93.jpghttp://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/exposiciones/fundlima/limaprehisp/images/pag93.jpghttp://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/exposiciones/fundlima/limaprehisp/images/pag93.jpg


12/14

Fn{n {nj`k` ki Bnnbhi I`w{a( h` fn{n cnwwis}nlki `h 4 ki iliwn ki 7==7, Si }yikil ngsiwv`w {wis sic{nwis

jyt ch`wns( hns cy`his a`l pyik`kn cnjn viwk`kiw`s {nw{`s }nw ih {w`g`en ki h` `wiliw`,

H` dj`bil `l{iwdnw( wis`h{`lkn cnl hli`s wne`s hns sic{nwis cnlsiwv`kns }`w` yl` jienw `}wicd`cdl, H`s

hli`s `uyhis ilcdiww`l sic{nwis pyi a`l dkn kis`}`wicdilkn ` hn h`wbn ki is{ns h{djns 4 `ns t is jyt

ln{nwdn il h`s djbilis }ns{iwdnwis ` is{`( ln }diwk`l ki vds{` is{ns sic{nwis,


13/14

Fica` ki dj`bil5 77 ki eyldn ki 7==7, Ln }diwk`l ki vds{` hns sic{nwis wis`h{`kns,

Fica` ki dj`bil5 76 ki figwiwn 7==9,


14/14

Fica` ki dj`bil5 2 ki j`wun ki 7=0=,

Fica` ki dj`bil5 0 ki eyldn ki 7=00, Il is{` dj`bil }nkijns ngsiwv`w ch`w`jil{i h` ciwcil`cdl pyi a`

syfwdkn ih sd{dn !}`w` j`tnw cnl{w`s{i cnj}`wil cnl h` sibylk` fn{n ki h` siwdi( {nj`k` ih 4 ki iliwn ki 7==7$,

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