arpl 3003_2015_task 6a+b(final)_daniel_brink

“The views of space and time which I wish to lay before you have sprung from the soil of experimental physics, space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind

of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.”

This new reality was that space and time, as physical constructs, have to be combined into a new mathematical/physical entity called

‘space-time’, because the equations of relativity show that both the space and time coordinates of any event must get mixed together by the mathematics,

in order to accurately describe what we see.

Because space consists of 3 dimensions, and time is 1-dimensional, space-time must, therefore, be a 4-dimensional object. So, physicists

now routinely consider our world to be embedded in this 4-dimensional Space-Time continuum, and all events, places, moments in history,

actions and so on are described in terms of their location in Space-Time.

...Albert Einstein.

“This adventure is made possible by generations of searchers strictly adherent to a simple set of rules. Test ideas by experiments and

observations. Build on those ideas that pass the test. Reject the ones that fail. Follow the evidence wherever it leads, and question everything.

Accept these terms, and the cosmos is yours.”

“There are as many atoms in each molecule of your DNA as there are stars in the typical galaxy. This is true for dogs, and bears, and every

living thing. We are, each of us, a little universe.”

We are part of this universe; we are in this universe, but perhaps more important than both of those facts, is that the universe is in us.

....Neil deGrasse Tyson.Source: Author & (Fig1) - Bibliography

Contents

Introduction..............................................................................1

Abstract....................................................................................2

Context of Journey...................................................................4

Point of Departure....................................................................5

Moving through Space and Time to 44 Stanley........................6

44Stanley.................................................................................13

Destination Point: 44 Stanley...................................................14

Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire BRT.................17

Empire Road BRT...................................................................19

Transport interchange: Empire Road BRT..............................20

Conclusion..............................................................................21

References.............................................................................22

Daniel Brink 381157

Introduction

The Point of Departure of this Journey is the Old Mutual Sports Hall at Wits University.

The Structure component of this Journey defines the underlying Spatial, Environmental,

Economic and Political frameworks that OMSH is influenced by They begin here as having an exclusionary character.

These frameworks shall change throughout this Journey.

According to Sennett (2009) one spatial distinction which helps us engage actively with the changing context of time lies in the

defference between borders and bundaries.

The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, is situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg.

The university has its roots in the mining industry, as do Johannesburg and the Witwatersrand in general.

Founded in 1896 as the South African School of Mines in Kimberley, it is the third oldest South African university.

The destination point of this journey is the 44 Stanley precinct, which is followed by its connection to its closest Transport

interchange on Empire road, both of these destination points are enclosed by the greater suburb of Braamfontein Werf.

Both the above mentioned spaces have interesting histories and complex underlying spatial ordering system because of it,

this spatial orderintg system has great implications on the configuration of its spatial form.

According to Sennett (2009) In natural ecologies, borders are the zones in a habitat where organisms become more

inter-active, due to the meeting of different species or physical conditions.

Braamfontein Werf was approved as a township in September 1914.

“The name comes from early Johannesburg days when there was a farmyard: Afrikaans ‘werf in the area on which a

servitude in 1887 for a road to Barber’s mill on the present day Sans Souci was granted.

Milpark or Braamfontein Werf was shaped by many Historical factors which define it today.

According to Bachelard (1994) in order to illustrate the metaphysics of conciosness we should have to wait for the experiences during which being is castout, that is to say,

thrown out, outside the being of the house, a circumstance in which the hostility of men and of the universe accumulates.

As we move in time and space to other locations on our journey to places in space which have different structure and

form characteristics, we will penetrate some extremely historically rich areas with spatial implications, such as

vrededorp, formerly know as fietas.

The history of this area has structural implications on the way the space is configured in the present day, where its streets

form part of the greater framework.

Fietas was an integrated community, not unlike District Six and Sophiatown, and was also destroyed by forced removals as a

result of the Group Areas Act.

The majority of the inhabitants moved to Lenasia and Soweto between 1956 and 1977, and the area was declared ‘White”.

This led to fierce resistance that continued into the 1980s.

Point of Departure: Old Mutual Sports Hall Journey/s Destination: 44 Stanley & Empire Road

Source: Fig 3 - BibliographySource: Fig 2 - Bibliography Source: Fig 4 - Bibliography

Daniel Brink 381157 1


AbstractAccording to Sennett (2009) the cities everyone wants to live in would be clean and safe, possess efficent public services, support a dynamic economy, provide cultural

stimulation, and help hel society’s divisions of race, class, and ethinicity.

These are not the cities we live in.

This is so in part because the city is not it’s own master; cities can fail on all these counts due to national

government policy or to social ills and economic forces beyond local control (Sennett, 2009).

The public realm offers pople a chance to lighten the pressures for conformity, of fitting into a fixed role in the

socai order; anonymity and impersonality provide a milieu for more individual development.

This promise of turning a fresh personal page among strangers has lured many migrants to cities

(Sennett, 2009).

The premise of this Graphical Narrative from the point of departure at old mutual sports hall, to 44 Stanley and then

finally to the transport interchange, is to uncover and analyse the spatial

dimensions of the environment and the degree to which its underlying spatial components and its spatial ordering

system allows it to perform well as a place within a space.

Related to this are the notions of Space and Performance which are a product of the underlying conditions.

The narrative will penetrate the urban fabric of three distinct areas which are configured through the confines or

freedoms of their underlying spatial ordering system, we wiil move through time and space and analyse the

contrasting conditions which make a space a place, as well as how they hinder their ability to perform well or be

considered as democratic space.

Related to this are the notions of Structure and form which define the solids and voids and the ability of them to be

configured for successful and performing Places in SpacesSource: Author

Source: Author Source: Author

Source: AuthorSource: Author


Never known, what happiness is, I’ve never known, what sweet caress is, yeah!

Still, I’ll be always laughing like a clown...

“Concrete Jungle”

No sun will shine in my day today... The high yellow moon won’t come out to play... I said darkness has covered my light,

And has changed my day into night, yeah! Where is the love to be found? Won’t someone tell me ‘cause,

Life, sweet life, must be somewhere to be found...

out there somewhere for me, Instead of concrete jungle...

I said where the living is hardest,

Concrete jungle! Man, you got to do your best, concrete jungle!

No chains around my feet... But I’m not free,

I know I am bounded in captivity...oh now!

Source: Author & ( Fig 5 ; Fig 6; Fig 7; Fig 8) - Bibliography

Oh someone help me ‘cause I... I’ve got to pick myself from off the ground... In this ya concrete jungle! I said, what do you got for me now? Concrete jungle! Why won’t you let me be now?

I said that life, sweet life...must be somewhere, to be found...out there somewhere for me

Oh, instead...concrete jungle!

Collusion, Confusion... Concrete jungle!

we’ve made it, We’ve got it.

In Concrete jungle now...What do you got for me now?

Daniel Brink 381157

EMPIRE ROAD

EMPIRE ROAD

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STREET

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Context of Journey1

Source: Author

1

4

Scale: 1:10000

1


Scale: 1:15000

EMPIRE ROAD

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CECILTER ROADPARK ROAD

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Point of Departure...Old Mutual Sports Hall

The Form of Old mutual Sports Hall, characterises it as one which has various inner and outer linkages, OMSH’s form is neatly located, the Voids as well as the Architecture around it envelopes it into the broader frameworks of Wits and together the Form

and the Underlying Structure of OMSH allows it become a Place within a Space.

Source: Author

Source: Author

1

2

21

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HULLSTREET

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Moving through Space and Time to...44 Stanley1


Scale: 1:15000

The green shaded areas in the image above represents a soft edge conditiion and the green lines represent the presence of a cyclist lane which makes the street more democratic, there is also potentail to improve informal trders stalls, what is more, the red represents narrow sidwalks. In recommendation 1, we can see that the pavements have been widened, more lighting has been made available and the interface of pedestrian and cyclist lanes have made the street more democratic.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


EMPIRE ROAD

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Scale: 1:15000

As we move out of Wits, the Structure of the Space we find ourselves in has changed, we have moved from a semi-private space to a public space and we can see that the form of the buildings around it provide a very different space, a one which is quite intimidating. Recommendation 2, shows provision of street furniture and widening of pavements as well as improvement

of lighting in this dangerous and intimidating area in order to increase passive surveillance and democracy of the space.

2

Source: Author

Source: Author


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Scale: 1:15000

Recommendation 3, shows improved vegetation in the wasted land in the centre of the street as well as street furniture and the upgrading of informal trading stands into more robust forms, which will enhance their business.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


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Scale: 1:15000

Recommendatio 4, shows the improvement of vegetaton, as well as the inclusion cyclist lanes and street furniture.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


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Scale: 1:15000

Recommendation 5, , shows informal traders whom have been encouraged with better infrastructure and the street has been enhanced with the provision of seating and tables to encourage people watching.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


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1

Scale: 1:15000

Moving Through Space and Time to...44 Stanley

Recommendation 6, shows the improvement of edge conditions as well as pavement width and the quality of the cobbling of the street, moreover vegetation has been introduced as well as cyclist lanes and street furniture.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


EMPIRE ROAD

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Scale: 1:15000

Moving Through Space and Time to...44 Stanley

Recommendation 7, shows the introduction of street furniture, widening of the pavement, as well as cuclist lanes and im-proved vegetation.

Source: Author

Source: Author

Source: Author

Source: Author

2

Source: Author


Destination Point: 44 Stanley

EMPIRE ROAD

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32The form of 44 Stanley is characterised by a number of little pockets of space which are defined by the configuration of Architecture around them which contains a variety of mixed uses from Residential and

Commercial Office Space to Business Activity and makes it a robust Place within a Space

123

Source: Author

Scale: 1:15000

Source: Author Source: Author

1

Source: Author



EMPIRE ROAD

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Destination Point 44: Stanley1

Scale: 1:15000

The above image represents the variety of mixed-land use in the 44 stanley precinct, where: The red shaded area represents business land uses, the orange shaded area represents Residential land uses and the blue shaded area represents

commercial office land use.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


EMPIRE ROAD

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BUNTINGROAD

CAMPBELL

DOVETONROAD

RHODES AVE

RHODES AVE

RHODESAVE

RHODES AVE

LOCHAVE

ESCOMBE AVE


AVE

CEDAR AVE

YA

LE R

OA

D

M1 H

IGH

WAY

21

Destination Point 44: Stanley1

Scale: 1:15000

According to Sennett (2009) the most important fact about the public realm is what happens in it. Gathering together strangers enables certain kinds of activities which cannot happen, or do not happen as well, in the intimate private realm. The dimensions and configuration of architecture is vastly different from that of Old Mutual Spors Hall, where 44 Stanley is comprised of smaller more intimate pockets of space to provide for its variety of uses brining togther a community of people, oppossed to the wide and tall halls of ‘OMSH’ which can provide for such activities like Gymnastics and Rock Climbing.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


EMPIRE ROAD

STANLEY AVE

EMPIREROAD

OW

LST

1ST STREET

ENOCHSONTONGA AVE

SO

LOM

ON

ST

RE

ET

BARRYHERTZO

G

3RD STREET

2ND STREET

5TH STREET

6TH STREET

7TH STREET

8TH STREET

9TH STREET

12TH STREET

4TH STREET

10TH STREET

11TH STREET

13TH STREET

14TH STREET

16TH STREET

HULLSTREET

SEVENTEENTH STREET

AN

NE

TR

OA

D

FROST AVE

KA

TJE

PIE

RIN

GS

TR

FALC

ON

STR

NAPIER ROAD

MA

RIE

RO

AD

LIM

EST

RO

RAN

GE

STRH

ENLE

YRO

AD

RU

S

VREDE

BARTLETTROAD

19THSTR

20THSTR

21STSTR

22NDSTR

RIN

GROA

D

SU

BW

AY

ST

R

GALE ROAD

BUNTINGROAD

CAMPBELL

DOVETONROAD

RHODES AVE

RHODES AVE

RHODESAVE

RHODES AVE

LOCHAVE

ESCOMBE AVE


AVE

CEDAR AVE

YA

LE R

OA

D

M1 H

IGH

WAY

21

1

Scale: 1:15000

Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire Road BRT

Rcommendation 8, shows the configuration of the pavement to provide seating pockets of space for pedestrians to encourage people watching, as well as imporoved vegetation and the introduction of cyclist lanes.

Source: Author

Source: Author

2


EMPIRE ROAD

STANLEY AVE

EMPIREROAD

OW

LST

1ST STREET

ENOCHSONTONGA AVE

SO

LOM

ON

ST

RE

ET

BARRYHERTZO

G

3RD STREET

2ND STREET

5TH STREET

6TH STREET

7TH STREET

8TH STREET

9TH STREET

12TH STREET

4TH STREET

10TH STREET

11TH STREET

13TH STREET

14TH STREET

16TH STREET

HULLSTREET

SEVENTEENTH STREET

AN

NE

TR

OA

D

FROST AVE

KA

TJE

PIE

RIN

GS

TR

FALC

ON

STR

NAPIER ROAD

MA

RIE

RO

AD

LIM

EST

RO

RAN

GE

STRH

ENLE

YRO

AD

RU

S

VREDE

BARTLETTROAD

19THSTR

20THSTR

21STSTR

22NDSTR

RIN

GROA

D

SU

BW

AY

ST

R

GALE ROAD

BUNTINGROAD

CAMPBELL

DOVETONROAD

RHODES AVE

RHODES AVE

RHODESAVE

RHODES AVE

LOCHAVE

ESCOMBE AVE


AVE

CEDAR AVE

YA

LE R

OA

D

M1 H

IGH

WAY

21

1

Scale: 1:15000

Moving Through Space and Time to...Empire Road BRT

Recommendation 9, shows the introduction of cyclist lanes and the widening of the pavement, as well as the provision of vegetation and widening of the street, coupled with the provision of street furniture to improve the environment

Source: Author

Source: Author

2

Daniel Brink 381157 19Source: Author


EMPIRE ROAD

STANLEY AVE

EMPIREROAD

OW

LST

1ST STREET

ENOCHSONTONGA AVE

SO

LOM

ON

ST

RE

ET

BARRYHERTZO

G

3RD STREET

2ND STREET

5TH STREET

6TH STREET

7TH STREET

8TH STREET

9TH STREET

12TH STREET

4TH STREET

10TH STREET

11TH STREET

13TH STREET

14TH STREET

16TH STREET

HULLSTREET

SEVENTEENTH STREET

AN

NE

TR

OA

D

FROST AVE

KA

TJE

PIE

RIN

GS

TR

FALC

ON

STR

NAPIER ROAD

MA

RIE

RO

AD

LIM

EST

RO

RAN

GE

STRH

ENLE

YRO

AD

RU

S

VREDE

BARTLETTROAD

19THSTR

20THSTR

21STSTR

22NDSTR

RIN

GROA

D

SU

BW

AY

ST

R

GALE ROAD

BUNTINGROAD

CAMPBELL

DOVETONROAD

RHODES AVE

RHODES AVE

RHODESAVE

RHODES AVE

LOCHAVE

ESCOMBE AVE


AVE

CEDAR AVE

YA

LE R

OA

D

M1 H

IGH

WAY

21

1

Scale: 1:15000

Transport Interchange...Empire Road BRT

Recommendation 10 - shows the introduction of cyclist lanes, in order to make the environment more democratic as well as to provide more access for pedestrians to the city by providing n alternative means of transport in a form of non-motorised

transport - What is more, we can see the addition of street furniture for pedestrians to wait for transport while indulging in treats from formalised informal trading vendors, while at the same time enjoying the vegetation introduced into the space.

2

Source: Author

Source: Author

Conclusion

A number of recurring flaws in the spatial components of the different environments throughout the journey from point A to point B to Point C, most of which include the need to widen sidewalks in order to

make the street environment more firendly, safe and deomcratic to all pedestrian and non-motorised transport users.

What is more, the degree to which environments can perform well is highly dependent firstly on there spatial ordering

system, where the areas of vrededorp do not perform relates back to a turbulent cultural and political history which shaped the streets and even after years of improvement they still struggle to perform as a pedestrian friendly environment, due to lack of magnets attracting investment and local surveillance to

make the street more vibrant.

Areas which perform a lot better, such as 44 Stanley and Old Mutual Sports Hall, are both supported with either public-transport systems or private transport systems as well as managing bodies, which are responsible for the improvement of their facillities and environments as well as the extent to which the structure components and form components are configured in a way to create well-performing spaces.

Thusly, a number interventions which will require the facillitation of a managing body, are available to increase the extent to which the underperforming areas can perform.

Daniel Brink 381157

According to (2009) the devil in modern urban planning is that the contrary condition of the inert, closed boundary, constructed by a much less solid and fixed sort of wall.

Highways cut through cities are the obvious example: crossing through six or eight lanes of traffic is perilous; the sides of highways in cities tend to become withered spaces; these invisible walls infamously

have been used to mark off the territories seperating the rich from the poor, or race from race.

Porosity is lacking, therefore a general rule in planning should be a motion serving as the instrument for making boundaries rather than borders.

The simple solution for remedying borders and promoting boundaries is, pedestrianisation.

However, this may be too simple, as banishing traffic tends to homogenise urban space, pedestrians zones becoming shopping malls rather than serving complex needs of production and work as well as

consumption.

We know that the democratic city is generally a utopian vision to achieve, however by interrogating and grappling with environments by analysing their Structure and Form, will always fall into the

paradigm of space and time - in relation to how these to characteristics which come with their own limitations in dimension, history and government policy.

We can recommend and induce urban design interventions through the information of precedent and principles of theory to attempt to create the open city.Fig 9 - Bibliography

Fig 10 - Bibliography

21

ReferencesChermayeff, S. and Alexander, C. (1963). Community and Privacy, Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Norberg-Schulz, C. (2003) The Phenomenon of Place in A.R Cuthbert (editor) Designing Cities: Critical Readings in Urban Design, London: Blackwell Publishing, p. 116-127.

Lynch, Kevin (1984) Good City Form. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Lynch, Kevin (1960). Image of the City. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design, Journal of Urban Design, vol.3, no. 1, 93-116.

Sennett, R. (2009) Quant: The Public Realm. Available online at http://www.richardsennett.com/site/senn/templates/general2.aspx?pageid=16&cc=gb

Bachelard, G. (1994) “The Poetics of Space”, Boston, Beacon.

Fig, 1 - http://digitalhint.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/miscellaneous_digital_art_curvation_of_space-time-wallpaper.jpg

Fig 2 - http://www.viewfromaboveco.za/galleries/JHB027.jpg

Fig 3 - http://www.heritageportal.co.za/sites/default/files/styles/threshold-1382/public/field/image/Pa-geview%20Old.jpg?itok=G2Laa87f

Fig 4 - http://www.heritageportal.co.za/sites/default/files/article-images/Old%20Buildings%20of%20Driefontein%20Diagram.jpg

Fig 5 - http://www.artgalleryofballarat.com.au/media/95118/concrete-jungle-margaret-metcalfe.jpg

Fig 6 - http://c300221.r21.cf1.rackcdn.com/adaptive-roots-in-the-concrete-jungle-1344307336_b.jpg

Fig 7 - http://s3images.coroflot.com/user_files/individual_files/original_202601_aaQqXWX2fMbJWkl9U-vO70IDv9.png

Fig 8 - http://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/street-art-interacting-with-na-ture-surroundings-2.jpg

Fig 9 - http://www.kireei.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/6a00d8341bfb1653ef01a73df11487970d.jpg

Fig 10 - http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VNH_lKpbM_c/Usp8V4Gj2AI/AAAAAAAACEw/tBiGfmajm5E/s1600/S4wFlyingHigh198AerialViwOf_Place_dEtoile.jpg

22Daniel Brink 381157

arpl 3003_2015_task 6a+b(final)_daniel_brink

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