aromatic compounds
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Aromatic Compounds. Aromatic Systems are Characterized by Their Chemical Stability. Note the chemical stability of the aromatic systems to the reaction conditions in the following slides. Note aromatic system’s stability toward hydrogenation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Aromatic Compounds
Aromatic Systems are Characterized by Their Chemical Stability
• Note the chemical stability of the aromatic systems to the reaction conditions in the following slides
Note aromatic system’s stability toward hydrogenation
Note aromatic systems’ stability toward strong reducing agent LiAlH4
Note the (two) aromatic systems’ stability toward Br2
Note the aryl iodide’s stability toward SN2 substitution(SN2 substitution occurs at the sp3 hybridized carbon)
Note the aryl iodide’s stability toward the strong base (potassium tert-butoxide) used to effect elimination
Reactions of Aromatic Systems: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
The Friedel-Crafts Reaction
Treatment of Aryl Halides with Extremely strong bases (amide anions, NaNH2, pKa of ammonia = 38) can cause substitution reactions…
(note that the above table shows the conjugate acids only)
But the mechanism involves a two-step process of elimination-addition.
Treatment of aryl halides having strongly electron-withdrawing substituents (at the 2- and the 4-position) can also cause substitution reactions
But…
The mechanism involves addition-elimination.
Reactions of Side Chains and Attached Functionality on Aromatic Compounds
Treatment of amines with nitrous acid (HONO) generates diazonium salts
The Sandmeyer Reaction
Swiss chemist (1854-1922) after whom reaction is named
Benzylic Positions Can be Selectively Oxidized (all the way to the carboxylic acid) by Potassium Permanganate
The Clemmensen Reduction