aroh barjatya dr. charles m. swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/arohbarjarta.pdf ·...

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Spacecraft Charging Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swenson Utah State University

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Page 1: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Spacecraft Charging 

Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swenson Utah State University

Page 2: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Outline 

Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various sounding rocket programs undertaken at Utah State Data from SAL rocket flight. Triboelectric charging. FPMU data results and charging on ISS.

Page 3: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Spacecraft Charging: Basic 

The spacecraft surface potential is a function of the net current flow to/from the spacecraft surface

Page 4: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Current Collection I­V Curve 

Ion Saturation region: 

Ions attracted, electrons repelled  Electron Retardation region 

Electron saturation region: 

Electrons attracted, ions repelled 

Floating Potential  Plasma Potential

Page 5: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Different Surface Geometries

Page 6: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Spacecraft Charging Other  Currents 

T B BSE SE PH I E  I V I (V) I (V) I V I (V) [I (V) I = + + + + −  )] ( ) ( I E = Electron Current I I = Ion Current I PH =Photoelectron I SE =Secondary Electron I BSE =Back Scatter I B =Beam/Ion thruster

Page 7: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Past Sounding Rocket Programs 

Four Sequential Rockets:  July1 2003, Wallops Island Study descending sporadic­E layers

EWINDS

Two Rocket Flights: August 7 th and 15 th 2004, Kwajalein Atoll Study precursors to equatorial spread­F

EQUIS II SAL

Flight: 19th Feb 1998, Puerto Rico 2009 LT Study sporadic sodium layers

Page 8: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Upcoming Sounding Rocket Programs 

Flight in Fall 2007 Wallops Island

Tropical Storms Mission 

Study mid­ latitude spread­F caused by tropical weather systems

Page 9: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Sudden Atom Layer (SAL) 

Flight: 19th Feb 1998, Puerto Rico 2009 LT Investigation of sporadic sodium layers Dust Detector 

Langmuir Fast Temperature Probe (FTP) Floating Potential Probes 

Swept Impedance Probe 

DC Langmuir Probe (DCP)

Page 10: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

SAL Mission 

Max. Altitude: 115 Km 5 Km thick sodium layer peaking at 94 Km Positively charged dust layer just below the sodium layer at 92 Km 

Atoms

Page 11: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

SAL Electron Density Profiles 

Charged Dust Layer

Page 12: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

The Sporadic­E Layer 

(a)  DCP Instrument Malfunction ? (b)  Shock wave related effect ? (c)  Vehicle Surface Charging ?

Page 13: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Reasons for low DCP response (a) Instrument Malfunction ? 

DCP worked above and below the layer

Page 14: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Reasons for low DCP response (b) Effect of shock wave ? 

Ambient Neutral Density: 0.6E+20 Density reduction factor around the DCP section of the boom: 3 

Downleg 8º to Ram 

Upleg 2º to Ram SIP 

DCP

Page 15: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Reasons for low DCP response (c) Vehicle Charging ?

Page 16: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Reasons for low DCP response (c) Vehicle Charging ? 

Triboelectric Charging: When two metal surfaces come in contact with each other and then separate, the metal surface with lower work function gets charged positive and the other surface gets charged negative 

Work function: Aluminium: 4.2eV  Sodium: 2.36eV  è Dust source of electron current 

Dust is modeled as RAM current

Page 17: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Reasons for low DCP response (c) Vehicle Charging ? 

Observed Dataset  Triboelectric Charging Simulation Results

Page 18: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Floating Potential Measurement Unit

Page 19: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Floating Potential Measurement Unit 

130 cm 

150 cm 

Wide Langmuir Probe (WLP) 

Sweep ­20 to +80 volts Plasma Impedance 

Probe (PIP) 

Narrow Langmuir Probe (NLP) 

Sweep ­5 to +5 volts around Vf 

Floating Potential Probe (FPP) 

Electronics

Page 20: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Floating Potential Measurement Unit 

Photovoltaic Cell Gap Geometry 

After Miktarian et. al. IAC World Space Congress 2002 Houston, Texas

Page 21: Aroh Barjatya Dr. Charles M. Swensoncse.usu.edu/foraffiliates/presentations_07/ArohBarjarta.pdf · Outline Basics of spacecraft surface charging and langmuir probes Overview of various

Floating Potential Measurement Unit 

Eclipse  Sun Eclipse  Sun

Data Dropout 

Time 

­Fp (volts)